JJ512 – Pneumatic & Hydraulic

Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
MOHD TAUFIK REZZA BIN MOHD FOUDZI
 Contents

Introduction of
CLO –JJ512 Pneumatic System

ISO SYMBOLS COMPRESSOR

 Course LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO)

 Upon completion of this course, students should be

able to:
1. classify the basic concept and function of pneumatic
and hydraulic system (C4)
2. construct accurately pneumatic, electro-pneumatic
and hydraulic circuit (P5)
3. report briefly the pneumatic and hydraulics
experiments in group.(A3)
 WHY I NEED TO LEARN ALL THIS?

 Pneumatics has for some considerable time been

used for carrying out the simplest mechanical tasks,
but in more recent times has played a more
important role in the development of pneumatic
technology for automation.

TO MAIN
 Introduction of Pneumatic System

 Upon completion of this chapter, students will be

able to :
1. Explain the usage of pneumatic system in industrial.
2. Understand the concept pneumatic system.
3.Understand air generation and air distribution
system
 What is Pneumatics?

 System that use of pressurized air or gas to move

objects
 Where to Use?(APPLICATION)

 Component Assembly System(food & electronic

industry)
Automatic bus door system & air break system
Pneumatic Handtool
 ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

 Air is available practically everywhere unlimited

quantities.
 Air can be easily transported in pipelines, even
over large distances
 Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and
removed as required
 ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM(CONT)

 Compressed air is relatively insensitive to

temperature fluctuations.
 Compressed air offers no risk of explosion or fire.
 Any lubricated air which escapes through leaking
pipes or components does not cause
contamination
 ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM(CONT)

 The operating components are built of simple

construction and therefore relatively inexpensive.
 Compressed air is a very fast working medium
 Pneumatic tools and operating components can be
loaded to the point of stopping and are therefore
overload safe
 DISADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM

 Compressed air requires good preparation

 It is not always possible to achieve uniform and
constant piston speeds with compressed air
 Economical only up to a certain force
requirement.
 The exhaust air is loud
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
 BASIC COMPONENT

 Air compressor
A machine that compresses air or another type of gas
from a low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric) to a
higher desired pressure level
 RECEIVER

 Use to store compressed air and dry it before supply

to the system
 Build with Pressure Relief Valve to control the
pressure
 AIR DRYER

 Use to dry the compressed air (with vapor) before

supply to the system to avoid pneumatic components
from oxidize
AIR SERVICE UNIT

 Filter‐regulator‐lubricant unit (FRL)

Consist of 3 components
 Pressure regulator – control the pressure flow into the
system
 Filter ‐ Filters the dist particle from compressed air
supply
 Lubricator ‐ delivered the oil mist for the operation of
the pneumatic system
 AIR SERVICE UNIT(CONT)

 Can also be:

 Pressure regulator
Filter regulator unit(FR)
 Air lubricator
 CONTROL VALVE

 The function of valves is to control the pressure or

flow rate of pressure media. Depending on design,
these can be divided into the following categories:
• Directional control valves
– Input/ signaling elements
– Processing elements
– Control elements
• Non-return valves
• Flow control valves
• Pressure control valves
• Shut-off valves
 ACTUATOR

 Convert energy or compressed air into mechanical

movement
 SIGNAL FLOW

 Pneumatic
systems consist
of an
interconnection
of different
groups of
elements

TO MAIN
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
 ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE: POSTION & PORT (WAY)
 ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE: METHOD OF ACTUATION
 ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE: METHOD OF ACTUATION
 ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
CONTROL VALVE: NON-RETURN VALVES AND DERIVATIVES
 ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
CONTROL VALVE: FLOW CONTROL
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
CONTROL VALVE: PRESSURE
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
ACTUATORS: LINEAR
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
ACTUATORS: ROTARY MOTION
ISO STANDARD SYMBOL (CONT)
AUXILIARY ACCESSORIES
HOW DID ALL THIS CONNECT TOGETHER?
BREAK TIME !

TO MAIN
 AIR GENERATION AND AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

 Air Compressors
2 categories
• Reciprocal compressor
• Rotational compressor
AIR GENERATION AND AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
 AIR GENERATION SYSTEM

 Air compressor
 Reciprocal compressors
 Piston compressor
• One level(stage) piston compressor
 AIR GENERATION SYSTEM(CONT)

 Two level(stage) piston compressor

 AIR GENERATION SYSTEM(CONT)

 Diaphragm compressor
AIR GENERATION AND AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
 AIR GENERATION SYSTEM(CONT)

 Rotational Compressors
Slide ram compressor
AIR GENERATION SYSTEM(CONT)
AIR GENERATION SYSTEM(CONT)
DO YOU KNOW?
 COMPRESSOR’s ACCESSORIES

 Air tube
 Air tank
 Intake filter
 Silencer
 Pressure relief valve
 COMPRESSOR’s ACCESSORIES

 Air tube
 Use to transport compressed air from one location/components to
another

 Intake filter & Silencer

 Intake filter – Filter all the dust before supply to inlet
 Silencer – Attach before the intake filter to reduce the noise
 COMPRESSOR’s ACCESSORIES(CONT)

 Air Tank / reservoir

 Use to store the compressed air
 Moisture contamination trap of compressed air
 Stabilize compressed air
 Pulsation damper

 Pressure relief valve

 Limit the maximum pressure in air tank
 Stabilize the pressure in the system
 Provide constant pressure for operation of pneumatic control
COMPRESSOR’s ACCESSORIES(CONT)
 RECALL BACK BEFORE GONE

 Applications
 Advantages & disadvantages
 Block diagram
 ISO symbol
 Air generation system
 Types of compressor
 Compressor accessories

TO MAIN