CRITICAL JURNAL REVIEW (CJR)

NAMA : Ali Akbar Rafsanjani Siregar

Nim : 5183250030

Zulfikri nasution

Nim : 5183550017

NAMA DOSEN : Dr. Ernesto Maringan Ramot, ST,DEA

MATA KULIAH : Bhs.inggris teknik

PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK – UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

MEDAN

DESEMBER 2018

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 PLASTIC AS A SOIL STABILZER
Soil stabilization is the permanent physical and chemical alteration of soils to enhance
their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and
control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load- bearing capacity of
a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. Stabilization can be used to treat a
wide range of sub- grade materials from expansive clays to granular materials.
Stabilization can be achieved with a variety of chemical additives including lime, fly ash,
and Portland cement, as well as by-products such as lime-kiln dust and cement-kiln dust.
These are the existing techniques to improve soil stabilization. This paper presents the
details of studies conducted on the possible use of waste plastic for soil stabilization. We
think that the addition of plastic strips into the soil will be a innovative technique to
improve the shear strength, tensile strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) value of
the soil in an economic way

Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic
fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials,
which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are typically organic plastics of high
molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural
PLASTIC AS A SOIL STABILIZER
In the investigation the waste plastic materials has been chosen as the reinforcement
material and it was randomly included in to the clayey soils with different plasticity
indexes at five different percentages of fiber content (0%, 1%,2%, 3%, 4%) by weight of
raw soil. The use of plastic fibers in unreinforced soil tremendously increases the CBR
value, Shear Strength, Resistance to desiccationcracking, reduces Consolidation and
Swelling

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IMPROVED PROPERTIES OF SOIL BY USING PLASTIC AS SOIL STABILISER
i) CBR Value ii) Increased shear strength iii) Reduction in consolidation settlement iv)
Reduction in swelling v) Reduction in cracks vi) Avoids disposal problems of plastic
i) CBR VALUE
The California bearing ratio (CBR) is a penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical
strength of soil. To find out the change of CBR value of the fiber reinforced soil with
respect to unreinforced soil, CBR test is conducted.
In this study, in order to find the optimum percentage of fiber content for the stabilized
peat soil that would provide the maximum strength, peat soil samples at their natural
water content were mixed with different percentages of cement and polypropylene
fibers and were cured in air for a period of 90 days and then CBR testwas performed on
them. The samples examined for this purpose were prepared by adding 5, 15 and 25%
cement and 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.5% polypropylene fibers. The sample which showed the
maximum value of CBR after 90 days of curing was chosen as the optimum percentage of
polypropylene fibers for further evaluation of strength of the stabilized peat soil

Effect of stabilization on CBR value

The results of CBR tests for stabilized peat soil samples with cement and polypropylene
fibers after air curing for 90 days .The CBR value of undisturbed peat soil is 0.785%. With
the addition of 50% cement, it increased to 34% for unsoaked condition and 30% for the
soaked condition. With the addition of 0.15% polypropylene fibers with 50% cement,
this increased to 38% and 35% for unsoaked and soaked conditions. The results indicate
that as cement amount in the mixture is increased, the CBR values also increase and
addition of polypropylene fibers causes a further increase of the CBR values.
INCREASED SHEAR STRENGTH
This experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of Plasticity
Index and percentage of wasteplastic materials on the shear strength of waste plastic
materials on the shear strength of unsaturated clayey soils. For this purpose, clayey soils
with different plasticity Indexes were used and mixed with different percentage of waste
materials to investigate the shear strength parameters of unreinforced and reinforced
samples in terms of direct shear test. In order to determine the shear strength
parameters (C and φ) of unreinforced and reinforced samples, a series of shear box tests
at vertical normal stresses of 100-300 KPa and strain rate of 0.2% mm/min were carried
out in accordance with ASTMD 3080.shear stresses were recorded as a function of
horizontal displacement up to total displacement of 17 mm to observe the post failure
behavior as well. Verification tests were also performed in order to examine the
repeatability of the experiments.

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Effects of stabilization on shear strength
Soil can be non-liner variation because the reinforcement materials exhibited a
distribution with In general angle of internal friction increased with fiber content. The
variation of with percentages of fiber contents leads to a conclusion that the behavior of
the fiber included. The shear strength of fiber reinforced soil is improveddue to the
addition of the waste plastic fibers and it is a non linear function. Up to a critical fiber
content shear strength increased considerably and later small reduction is observed.
However shear values are greater than unreinforced soil.
ii) REDUCTION IN CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
In order to assess the effect of random fiber inclusion on consolidation settlement,
swelling and hydraulic conductivity, oedometer tests were conducted according to ASTM
D2435-96. In the current investigation all samples were prepared using the same dry
density and molding moisture content equal to 70% of the liquid limit.
Consolidation settlements results
Effects of random fiber inclusion on consolidation settlement of soil samples were
evaluated as function of fiber length, content and consolidation pressure. Prior to the
fiber inclusion, consolidation settlement of unreinforced soil sample was determined. A
Constant pressure, increasing the fiber contents from 1 to 8% resulted in reducing
consolidation settlement of the samples. This is a common trend with all fiber
lengthsexamined. Maximum and minimum consolidation settlements of 7.5 and 2.6 mm
were respectively measured for the unreinforced sample and the sample reinforced by
8% fibers having 5mm length . This shows a reduction in consolidation settlement of
approximately 25%.
REDUCTION IN SWELLING Oedometer was used for swelling saturated on
molding; they showed no affinity for further water absorption after flooding the
oedometer water bath. Therefore, they did not exhibit much free swelling in order to be
able to assess the effects of fiber inclusions on this characteristic. Therefore, volume
changes during the unloading stage of the consolidation tests were measured and used
as an indication of the possible effects of fiber inclusion on swellings. The swellings
presented were measured after unloading the maximum consolidation pressure of
200kPa.

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Effects of swelling test
It can be seen that by increasing the fiber content, the amount of swellings decreased.
The unreinforced sample produced the highest swelling of about 3.4mm. This was
reduced to approximately 1.5mm for the sample reinforced with 8%fibers having 5mm
length which is a substantial reduction in swelling. For constant fiber contents, an
increase in the fiber length from 5 to 10mm resulted in a slight increase in swelling. As a
whole, however, the increase in the fiber length did not have a significant effect on
swelling reduction. This was particularly true when the fiber contents remained
constant. It can therefore be concluded that with the increase in fiber contents and
lengths, the soil/fiber surface interactions were increased. This resulted in a matrix that
binds soil particles and effectively resists tensile stresses produced due t swelling.
Resistance to swelling is mainly attributed to cohesion at the soil/fiber interfaces.
DESICCATION CRACKS
Oedometer rings were used to investigate the effects of random fiber inclusion on
desiccation cracking of the soil. After molding, confining rings containing the specimen
were placed in open air in the laboratory at a temperature of about 30°C. Samples were
regularly weighed and when no changes in three consecutive measurements were
observed, they were considered completely dried. Then, samples were used for
observatEffects of desiccation cracks Observational examination of samples after
desiccation showed that by increasing the fiber contents and lengths, the extent and
depth of cracks were significantly reduced. It can be seen that extensive, deep and wide
cracks were formed in the unreinforced sample. The reinforced sample, however, has
mainly experienced separation from the metal ring with no visible sign of cracks forming
within the sample. This clearly shows the effectiveness of random fiber inclusion in
resisting and reducing desiccation cracking which is of paramount importance in surface
cracking of clay covers used in landfills. Therefore, it can be concluded that random fiber
inclusion seems to be a practical and effective method of increasing tensile strength of
the clayey soils to resist volumetric changes.
REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
The most important point is the environmental concern regarding the effects of waste
plastic in soil and the problems and threats that is related with their excessive usage and
disposal. This gives an effective ional examination ofthe extent of crackingsolution to
waste treatment with the advent of soil reinforcement.
CONCLUSION Plastic is one of the major toxic pollutants of our time. Being a non-
biodegradable substance, composed of toxic chemicals, plastic pollutes earth, air and
water. Beside all these ill effects we here suggested one method which drastically change
the view by which the people are concerned it today. Here without affecting the normal
texture of the soil we are stabilizing it with the fiber format of the plastic.

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REFERENCES
1. Carol J. Miller and Sami Rifai, (2004), “Fiber Reinforcement for Waste Containment Soil
Liners”, (ASCE) Journal,(1-5). 2. S. A. Naeini and S. M. Sadjadi ,(2008) ,” Effect of Waste
Plastic Materials on Shear Strength of Unsaturated Clays”, EJGE Journal, Vol 13, Bund
k,(1-12).