SUMMARY

I. NOUN

1. NOUN
2. NOUN PHRASE
A. POLA DM
M berupa:
a. Preposition (in, at, beside, behind, in front of, before, after, with, without, across, over).
- The girl behind you.
- The book on the shelf.
- The man with the golden gun.
- The birds over the old house.
b. Ving
- The children playing football on the beach.
- The woman helping me a lot yesterday.
c. V3
- The ball kicked by the children.
- The car stolen by Agus.
- The door locked by the police.
d. NOUN
- The book you bought yesterday night.
- The boy she loves so much.
- The girl I dream of.

B. POLA MD
M berupa:
a. Single Adjective.
- A beautiful girl.
- A smartphone
- Some expensive cars.
b. Series of adjective.
- An inteligent-young man.
- A beautiful-large-round-wooden table.
- An old-Javanese song.
b. Noun.
– A bookstore.
- A seashore.
- An office boy.
- The apple garden.
c. Ving
- drinking water.
- A drinking boy.
- A swimming pool
- A boring announcer.
d. V3
- The lost generations.
- A wounded soldier.
- A locked drawer.
- A bored announcer..
 e. Mixed.
- A sweetly-smiling lady.
- A beautiful-25-year-old lady.

C. POLA MDM
Merupakan gabungan dari 2 pola di atas.
- The beautiful girl sitting all alone at the cafeteria.
- Some touching words quoted from the poem.

3. NOUN CLAUSE
Dibuat dari 3 sumber :
1. KALIMAT POSITIF ATAU NEGATIF
- Inul is a dangdut singer.
That Inul is a dangdut singer is a fact.
- The world is not flat.
Everyone believes that the world is not flat.

2. KALIMAT TANYA YES/NO

- Will Hendra marry Anita?
I wonder if/whether Hendra will marry Anita (or not).
I wonder if/whether (or not) Hendra will marry Anita.
- Does Hendra love Anita?
I want to know if/whether Hendra loves Anita (or not).
I want to know if/whether (or not) Hendra loves Anita.

3. KALIMAT TANYA QUESTION WORDS

- What should I do?
I do not know what I should do.
I do not know what to do.
- How can I get to the bank?
Please tell me how I can get to the bank.
Please tell me how to get to the bank.
- Where could we find the key?
The policeman told us where we could find the key.
The policeman told us where to find the key.

II. ADJECTIVE

1. ADJECTIVE
- The girl is beautiful (after Tobe).
- She is a beautiful girl (before Noun).
- She looks beautiful (after Linking Verbs, look, seem, feel, get).

2. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE/PHRASE
A. Functions as Subject.
a. You met the girl.
She won the race.
- You met the girl who won the race.
- You met the girl that won the race.
- You met the girl winning the race.
 b. The girl is from Lamongan.
She is talking to you.
- The girl who is talking to you is from Lamongan.
- The girl that is talking to you is from Lamongan.
- The girl talking to you is from Lamongan.

c. The car is very luxorious.

It is imported from Japan.
- The car which is imported from Japan is very luxorious.
- The car that is imported from Japan is very luxorious.
- The car imported from Japan is very luxorious.

d. Tina is the woman.

She is responsible for the project.
- Tina is the woman who is responsible for the project.
- Tina is the woman that is responsible for the project.
- Tina is the woman responsible for the project.

e. The car is mine.

It is beside the girl.
- The car which is beside the girl is mine.
- The car that is beside the girl is mine.
- The car beside the girl is mine.

B. FUNCTIONS AS OBJECT OF A VERB.

a. The movie is very good.
We watched it yesterday night.
- The movie which we watched yesterday night is very good.
- The movie that we watched yesterday night is very good.
- The movie we watched yesterday night is very good.

b. I hate the politician.

We met him at the party just now.
- I hate the politician who(m) we met at the party just now.
- I hate the politician that we met at the party just now.
- I hate the politician we met at the party just now.

C. FUNCTIONS AS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION.

a. The song is very sentimental.
We are listening to it now.
- The song which we are listening to is very sentimental.
- The song that we are listening to is very sentimental.
- The song we are listening to is very sentimental.
- The song to which we are listening is very sentimental.

b. The girl is standing over there.

I told you about her last night.
- The girl whom I told you about last night is standing over there.
- The girl that I told you about last night is standing over there.
 - The girl I told you about last night is standing over there.
- The girl about whom I told you last night is standing over there.

D. FUNCTIONS AS A POSESSION.
a. I met the woman.
Her son is a leader of a rock band.
- I met the woman whose son is a leader of a rock band.

b. The singer is from Lebanon.

I like so much his songs.
- The singer whose songs I like so much is from Lebanon.

E. FUNCTIONS AS AN ADVERB OF PLACE.

a. The town is so small.
I was born there (there = in that town).
- The town where I was born is so small.
- The town which I was born in is so small.
- The town that I was born in is so small.
- The town I was born in is so small.
- The town in which I was born is so small.

b. That is the place.

We will meet there ( there = at that place).
- That is the place where we will meet.
- That is the place which we will meet at.
- That is the place that we will meet at.
- That is the place we will meet at.
- That is the place at which we will meet.

F. FUNCTIONS AS AN ADVERB OF TIME.

a. I will never forget the day.
I met you at the first time then (then = on that/the day).
- I will never forget the day when I met you at the first time.
- I will never forget the day that I met you at the first time.
- I will never forget the day I met you at the first time.
- I will never forget the day on which I met you at the first time.

b. May 5th, 1985 is the date.

I was born then (then = at/on that date).
- May 5th, 1985 is the date when I was born.
- May 5th, 1985 is the date that I was born.
- May 5th, 1985 is the date I was born.
- May 5th, 1985 is the date at/on which I was born.

III. ADVERB

1. ADVERB
- The girl is sweet. (the adjective sweet modifies the noun the girl))
- The girl is very sweet. (the adverb very modifies the adjective sweet)
 - The girl smiles sweetly. (the adverb sweetly modifies the verb smiles)
- The girl smiles very sweetly. (the adverb very modifies the adverb sweetly)

2. ADVERB CLAUSE/PHRASE
a. - While I was walking down the street, I met an old friend.
- While walking down the street, I met an old friend.
- Walking down the street, I met an old friend.

b. - While I was listening to the new song, I found so many touching words.
- While listening to the new song, I found so many touching words.
- Listening to the new song, I found so many touching words.

c. – Because he had so much money, he bought the luxorious car.

- Because having so much money, he bought the luxorious car.
- Having so much money, he bought the luxorious car.

d. – Because I had seen the movie before, I don’t want to see it again.
– Because having seen the movie before, I don’t want to see it again.
– Having seen the movie before, I don’t want to see it again.

e. – Because she needed the ring and had enough money to buy it, she finally stole it.
- Because needing the ring and had enough money to buy it, she finally stole it.
- Needing the ring and had enough money to buy it, she finally stole it.

f. – Because she was afraid of the dog, she run as quickly as possible.
– Because afraid of the dog, she run as quickly as possible.
– Being afraid of the dog, she run as quickly as possible.
– Afraid of the dog, she run as quickly as possible.

g. – Before I went to bed, I cleaned my teeth.

- Before going to bed, I cleaned my teeth.

h. – After she graduated, she got a job.

– After graduating, she got a job.

i. I will leave as soon as it stops raining.

j. As/so long as I am not busy, you can come to my house.

k. Endang did not study, therefore the teacher was angry at her.

l. Although it was cold, I went swimming.

m. It was cold. Nevertheless, I went swimming.

n. If Tommy studied hard, he would pass the test.

THE TRANSITIONAL WORDS USED TO INTRODUCE ADVERB PHRASE/CLAUSE.

A. SHOWING TIME RELATIONSHIP

 - After, before, when, while, as, by the time, since, until, as soon as, once, as/so long as,
whenever, everytime, etc.

B. SHOWING CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP

- Because, since, now that, as, as/so long as, inasmuch as, so (that), in order to/that, etc.

C. SHOWING OPPOSITION
- Eventhough, although, though, whereas, while, etc.

D. SHOWING CONDITION.
- If, unless, only if, whether or not, even if, providing (that), provided (that),
in case (that), in the event (that).