REFERENCE

STANDARD TABLES

Please, DO NOT write or make ANY marks on these TABLES

167
 Appendix ( A )

Properties of Cross-sections

168
 Appendix ( B )

Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

169
 Appendix ( B )

Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

170
 Appendix ( C )

(a) Stress Concentration Factors (Kt)

171
 Appendix ( C )

(b) Stress Concentration Factors (Kt)

172
 Appendix ( C )

(c) Stress Concentration Factors (Kt)

173
 Appendix ( D )

Engineering Materials Properties

(General Purpose Applications)

174
 Appendix ( D )
Engineering Materials Properties
(AISI Standard Materials)
(a) Steel materials
Density Ultimate Yield Modulus % % Poisson’s Brinell
Alloy Condition
(g/cc) (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) elong ROA Ratio Hardness
Alloy 1006
AISI 1006 Steel cold drawn 7.872 330 285 205 20 45 0.29 95
AISI 1006 Steel hot rolled 7.872 295 165 200 30 55 0.29 86
Alloy 1015
AISI 1015 Steel Cold drawn 7.87 420 314 205 39 61 0.29 126
AISI 1015 Steel annealed 7.87 386 285 200 37 70 0.29 111
AISI 1015 Steel normalized 7.87 424 324 200 37 69 0.29 121
Alloy 1020
AISI 1020 Steel cold rolled 7.87 420 350 205 15 40 0.29 121
AISI 1020 Steel hot rolled 7.87 380 205 25 50 0.29 111
AISI 1020 Steel normalizaed 7.87 440 345 200 35.8 67.9 0.29 131
AISI 1020 Steel annealed 7.87 395 295 200 36.5 66 0.29 111
Alloy 1040
AISI 1040 Steel Cold drawn 7.845 585 515 200 12 35 0.29 170
AISI 1040 Steel Hot rolled 7.845 525 290 200 18 40 0.29 149
AISI 1040 Steel annealed 7.845 515 350 200 30 57 0.29 149
AISI 1040 Steel normalized 7.845 595 370 200 25 55 0.29 170
Alloy 1090
AISI 1090 Steel annealed 7.85 696 540 205 10 40 0.29 197
AISI 1090 Steel hot rolled 7.87 841 460 200 10 25 0.29 248
Alloy 1095
AISI 1095 Steel normalized 7.85 1015 505 205 10 14 0.29 293
AISI 1095 Steel annealed 7.85 665 380 205 13 21 0.29 192
Alloy 1340
AISI 1340 Steel annealed 7.87 703 434 200 25.5 57.3 0.29 207
AISI 1340 Steel normalized 7.87 834 558 200 22 62.9 0.29 248
AISI 1340 Steel oil quenched 7.87 951 834 200 19.2 57.4 0.29 285
Alloy 4027
AISI 4027 Steel annealed 7.85 515 325 205 30 52.9 0.29 143
AISI 4027 Steel normalized 7.85 640 420 205 25.8 60.2 0.29 179
AISI 4027 Steel water quenched 7.85 1035 917 205 16 57.8 0.29 311
Alloy 4140
AISI 4140 Steel annealed 7.85 655 415 205 25.7 56.9 0.29 197
AISI 4140 Steel normalized 7.85 1020 655 205 17.7 46.8 0.29 302
AISI 4140 Steel oil quenched 7.85 1075 986 205 15.5 56.9 0.29 311
Alloy 4340
AISI 4340 Steel annealed 7.85 745 470 205 22 50 0.29 217
AISI 4340 Steel normalized 7.85 1282 862 205 12.2 36.3 0.29 363
AISI 4340 Steel oil quenched 7.85 1207 1145 205 14.2 45.9 0.29 352
Alloy 5140
AISI 5140 Steel annealed 7.85 570 295 205 28.6 59.2 0.29 167
AISI 5140 Steel normalized 7.85 793 470 205 22.7 57.3 0.29 229
AISI 5140 Steel oil quenched 7.85 972 841 205 18.5 58 0.29 293
Alloy 8630
AISI 8630 Steel annealed 7.85 565 370 205 29 53 0.29 156

175
AISI 8630 Steel normalized 7.85 650 425 205 23.5 58 0.29 187
AISI 8630 Steel water quenched 7.85 1015 910 205 16.2 54 0.29 293

Stainless Steels

Alloy 302
Stainless Steel
annealed 7.86 620 275 193 55 0.25 147
302
Stainless Steel
25% hardened 7.86 860 515 193 12 0.25 261
302
Stainless Steel
Cold rolled 7.86 585 255 193 57 0.25
302
Alloy 316
Stainless Steel
annealed 8 580 290 193 50 0.27 143
316
Stainless Steel
soft tempered 8 689 515 193 50 0.27
316
Alloy 330
Stainless Steel
Cold rolled 8 586 290 197 43 0.27
330
Stainless Steel
annealed 8 550 260 197 40 0.27
330
Alloy 405
Stainless Steel
Cold rolled 7.8 469 276 200 30 0.27
405
Stainless Steel
Annealed 7.8 448 276 200 30 0.27 150
405
Alloy 434
Stainless Steel
Annealed 7.8 517 345 200 25 0.27 164
434
Alloy 660
Stainless Steel
Cold rolled 7.92 1007 703 200 25 36.8 0.27
660
Alloy 17-7PH
Stainless Steel Precipitation
7.8 1650 1590 204 1 0.27 433
17-7 PH hardened
Stainless Steel
cold rolled 7.8 1380 1210 204 1 0.27 378
17-7 PH

Engineering Materials Properties

(AISI Standard Materials)
(b) Cast Irons

Density Ultimate Yield Modulus % % Poisson’s Brinell

Alloy Condition
(g/cc) (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) elong ROA Ratio Hardness

Cast Irons
Gray Cast Irons
(as cast)
ASTM class
Gray Cast Iron 7.15 152 83 0.29 156
20
ASTM class
Gray Cast Iron 7.15 252 114 0.29 212
35
ASTM class
Gray Cast Iron 7.15 431 152 0.29 302
60
Ductile Cast Irons
grade 60-
Ductile Cast Iron 7.15 461 329 169 15 0.29 167
40-18
grade 65-
Ductile Cast Iron 7.15 464 332 168 15 0.29 167
45-12
grade 120-
Ductile Cast Iron 7.15 974 864 164 1.5 0.28 331
90-02
grade 80-
Ductile Cast Iron 7.15 559 362 168 11.2 0.31 192
55-06
Malleable Cast
Irons
ASTM class
Malleable Cast Iron 7.15 345 224 10 0.29 156
47
ASTM class
Malleable Cast Iron 7.15 414 276 110 0.29 173
220

176
 (AISI Standard Materials)
(c) Nonferrous Materials
Density Ultimate Yield Modulus % % Poisson’s Brinell
Alloy Condition Ratio
(g/cc) (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) elong ROA Hardness
Aluminum Alloys

Alloy 1100

Aluminum Alloy 1100 Annealed 2.71 90 35 69 35 0.33 23

H12
Aluminum Alloy 1100 2.71 110 103 69 12 0.33 28
Temper
H14
Aluminum Alloy 1100 2071 124 117 69 20 0.33 32
Temper
Alloy 2024
Aluminum Alloy 2024 Annealed 2.78 73 0.33
T3
Aluminum Alloy 2024 2.78 483 345 73 18 0.33 120
Temper
T4
Aluminum Alloy 2024 2.78 469 324 73 19 0.33 120
Temper
T6
Aluminum Alloy 2024 2.78 427 345 72 5 0.33 125
Temper
Alloy 6061
Aluminum Alloy 6061 Annealed 2.7 124 55 69 25 0.33 30
T4
Aluminum Alloy 6061 2.7 241 145 69 22 0.33 65
Temper
T6
Aluminum Alloy 6061 2.7 310 276 69 12 0.33 95
Temper
T8
Aluminum Alloy 6061 2.7 310 276 69 8 0.33 120
Temper
Alloy 7075
Aluminum Alloy 7075 Annealed 2.81 228 103 72 16 0.33 60
T6
Aluminum Alloy 7075 2.81 572 503 72 11 0.33 150
Temper
Alloy 8001
Aluminum Alloy 8001 Annealed 2.75 110 40 70 30 0.33 30
Alloy 8090
T3
Aluminum Alloy 8090 2.54 340 210 77 13 0.33 91
Temper

Copper Alloys
Electrolytic tough
pitch Copper,
(C11000)
Electrolytic tough
Cold
pitch Copper, 8.89 345 310 122 12 0.33 95
Worked
(C11000)
Berillium Copper,
(C17000)
Berillium Copper, TH04
8.26 1310 1150 115 2.5 0.3 353
(C17000) Temper
Berillium Copper, TH01
8.26 1190 1110 115 4.5 0.3 320
(C17000) Temper
Cartridge Brass,
(C26000)
Cartridge Brass, H00
8.53 400 315 110 35 0.375 109
(C26000) Temper
Cartridge Brass, H04
8.53 525 435 110 8 0.375 154
(C26000) Temper
Cartridge Brass, H08
8.53 650 110 3 0.375 189
(C26000) Temper
Muntz metal,
(C28000)
Muntz metal, H00
8.39 415 240 105 30 0.346 102
(C28000) Temper
Muntz metal, H02
8.39 485 345 105 10 0.346 135
(C28000) Temper
Free-Cutting Brass,
(C36000)
Free-Cutting Brass, H01
8.5 385 310 97 20 0.311 112
(C36000) Temper
Free-Cutting Brass, H02
8.5 400 310 97 25 50 0.311 143
(C36000) Temper

177
Chromium Copper,
(C18500)
Chromium Copper, TH04
8.89 530 450 130 16 0.3 154
(C18500) Temper
Chromium Copper, TH04
8.89 475 435 130 26 0.3 160
(C18500) Temper
90-10 Bronze,
(C22000)
90-10 Bronze, H01
8.8 310 240 115 25 0.307 86
(C22000) Temper
90-10 Bronze, H04
8.8 420 370 115 5 0.307 125
(C22000) Temper
90-10 Bronze, H08
8.8 495 425 115 3 0.307 143
(C22000) Temper
Gliding Copper,
(C21000)
Gliding Copper, Quarter
8.86 290 220 115 25 0.307 82
(C21000) Hard
Gliding Copper,
Half Hard 8.86 330 275 115 12 0.307 98
(C21000)

Magnesium Alloys

Alloy AZ31B
Magnesium Alloy
Extruded 1.77 260 200 45 15 0.35 49
AZ31B
Magnesium Alloy
Annealed 1.77 255 150 45 21 0.35 56
AZ31B
Magnesium Alloy Hard
1.77 290 220 45 15 0.35 73
AZ31B rolled
Alloy AZ63
Magnesium Alloy
F Temper 1.83 200 97 45 6 0.35 50
AZ63
Magnesium Alloy T6
1.83 275 130 45 5 0.35 73
AZ63 Temper
Magnesium Alloy T4
1.83 275 97 45 12 0.35 55
AZ63 Temper
Alloy AZ91E
Magnesium Alloy
F Temper 1.81 165 97 45 2.5 0.35 63
AZ91E
Magnesium Alloy T4
1.81 275 90 45 15 0.35 55
AZ91E Temper
Magnesium Alloy T6
1.81 275 145 45 6 0.35 70
AZ91E Temper

Nickel Alloys

Nickel-
Commercially Pure
Nickel As Cast 8.88 317 59 207 30 0.31
Nickel Annealed 8.88 45 207 0.31 79
Nickel Silver 65-18
(752)
Nickel-Silver 65-18
annealed 8.7 386 124 35 0.33 75
(752)
Nickel-Silver 65-18
hardened 8.7 586 124 3 0.33 151
(752)
Cupronickel 30(715)
Cupronickel 30(715) annealed 8.92 379 152 45 0.33 83
Cupronickel 30(715) hardened 8.92 517 152 15 0.33 147

Titanium Alloys
Titanium-
Commercially Pure
Titanium As cast 4.5 220 140 116 54 0.34 70
AlloyTi-6Al-2Nb-
1Ta-0.8Mo
Titanium AlloyTi-
as-rolled 4.48 830 760 117 10 28 0.31 290
6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo
Titanium AlloyTi-
Annealed 4.48 830 710 115 11 30 0.31 290
6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo

178
 Appendix ( E )

Metric Threads Standard

179
180
 Appendix ( F )
Welding Symbols

181
 Appendix ( G )

Standard Metric Sizes for Power Screw

(a-1) Square Thread Form (Fine Series)

182
 Standard Metric Sizes for Power Screw
(a-2) Square Thread Form (Normal Series)

183
 Standard Metric Sizes for Power Screw
(a-3) Square Thread Form (Coarse Series)

184
Standard Metric Sizes for Power Screw
(b) ACME (Trapezoidal) Thread Form

185
 Appendix ( H )

Power Screws

(a) Coefficient of Friction (Between Teeth, μ)

Average
No. Condition Friction Coefficient
starting running
1 Best running conditions for high-grade
0.14 0.10
materials and workmanship.
2 Average running conditions and
average quality materials and 0.18 0.13
workmanship.
3 Poor workmanship or very slow and
frequent motion with insufficient
0.21 0.15
lubrication or running conditions for
high grade materials and.

(b) Coefficient of Friction (Thrust Collar, μc)

Average
No. Materials Friction Coefficient
starting running
1 Soft STEEL on Cast Iron 0.17 0.12
2 Hardened STEEL on Cast Iron 0.15 0.09
3 Soft STEEL on Bronze 0.10 0.08
4 Hardened STEEL on Bronze 0.08 0.06

186
 Appendix ( H )

Power Screws

(b) Allowable Bearing Stresses (σb)

Materials Safe
Type Bearing
of
Power Screw
Screw Nut Stress, σb Rubbing speed, v ( m / s )
(M Pa)
Hand press Steel Bronze 17.0 - 24.0 Low speed, well lubricated
Jack-screw Steel Cast iron 12.0 - 17.0 Low speed; v < 2.5
Jack-screw Steel Bronze 11.0 - 17.0 Low speed; v < 3
Hoisting Medium speed; v = ( 6 - 12 )
Steel Cast iron 4.0 - 7.0
screw
Hoisting Medium speed; v = ( 6 - 12 )
Steel Bronze 5.5 - 10.0
screw
Lead screw Steel Bronze 1.0 - 1.6 High speed; v > 15

187