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စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္ဆီသို႔ အပိုင္း ၈
စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္ဆီသို႔ အပိုင္း ၈
wwd,t}udrfajrmuf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ
rSwfwrf;rsm;
Series Editor
Lian H. Sakhong
First Edition 2004
Typing by:
Ethinc Nationalities Seminar Staffs
Design and Layout by:
Sai Mawn Selde
UNLD(LA)
UNLD Press
Chiang Mai, Thailand
rmwdum
tcef; (1)
ENSCC tzJ@G 0ifEi
kd if aH &;wyfaygi;f pkrsm;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;rS
acgi;f aqmifrsm;. wwd,t}udrw f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf zGJ iG yhf GJ
tcef;tem;wGif ajym=um;cJah omrde@f ceG ;f rsm;?
1;1? tvSnu hf sobmywdAv kd cf sKyfref;atmifoef;av;.tzGirhf ed @f ceG ;f ....................... 1
1;2? trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) 'k-OuUX ckid pf ;dk Ekid af tmif.rde@f ceG ;f ......... 3
1;3? UNLD (LA) OuUX cGe;f rwf&u f b kd ef;.rde@f ceG ;f .............................................. 5
1;4? (KNPP) OuUX clxb J ;l zJ.
h rde@f ceG ;f ............................................................... 8
1;5? SDU rS a'guw f mp0fZef@a,mifa[G.rde@f ceG ;f ............................................... 10
1;6? RCSS ud, k pf m;vS,f Adv k rf LS ;pdik ;f yGeaf c;.rde@f ceG ;f ........................................... 12
tcef; (2)
ENSCC . (2) ESpw f mvkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH mrsm;udw k ifoiG ;f jcif;
2;1? twGi;f a&;rSL;a'guw f mqvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f wifoiG ;f aom
ENSCC .ESpE f pS wf m vkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH m ..................................................... 15
2;2? Adv k rf LS ;}uD;cGeOf uUmrS ENSCC .Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryHk (Road Map
for Rebuilding the Union of Burma) .tpD&ifcp H m .................................. 25
2;3? Edik if w
H uma&;&mwm0efcH cGe;f 'uf'b D &l w D ifoiG ;f aom
ENSCC .Edi k if w H umvkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH m .................................................... 27
tcef; (3)
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;.Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf wyfaygi;f pkrsm;rSwifoiG ;f aom
“wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. uspv f pfcikd rf maom pnf;vk;H nD!w $ af &;”
(Solidarity) wnfaqmufrt _ wGuf tjrifEiS o hf abmxm; pmwrf;rsm;
rSww
f rf;"gwyf rkH sm;
tcef; (5)
vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;tay: oH;k oyfcsurf sm; (KNU ESifh KNPP wd@k .tajctae)
5;1? tvSnu hf sobmywd Adv k cf sKyf}uD;wmrvmabm.rde@f ceG ;f ........................... 99
5;2? KNU taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; y'drk ef;&SmrS vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;tajctaeudk
wifjy&Si;f vif;jcif; ...................................................................................... 100
5;3? KNPP 'k-OuUX Adv k cf sKyfref;atmifoef;av;. vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;tajctaeudk
wifjy&Si;f vif;jcif; ..................................................................................... 108
5;4? KNPP wJzG uftwGi;f a&;rSL; clO;D &,frS u&ifejD ynftwGi;f
vuf&jdS zpfay:aeaomEdik if aH &;tajctaewifjycsuf ...................................... 111
5;5? ENSCC twGi;f a&;rSL;a'guw f mqvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f . =um;jzwfarwWm&yfccH suf . 114
5;6? KNU 'k-OuUX Adv k cf sKyf}uD;apmbdjk r. KNU ESihf etzppftpd;k &
awG@qakH qG;aEG;yJt G ay: &Si;f vif;wifjycsuf ................................................... 116
tcef; (6)
Edik if w
H umtajctaeudk aqG;aEG;oH;k oyfjcif;
6;1? tvSnu hf sobmywd Adv k cf sKyf}uD;apmbdjk r.tzGirhf ed @f ceG ;f .............................. 123
6;2? ENSCC t}uHay;yk*Kd~ vf Harn Yawnghwe rS
Inernational Forum ESihf Bangkok Process tay: aqG;aEG;jcif; .................. 127
6;3? ENSCC Edik if jH cm;a&;&mwm0efcH Teddy Buri rS Bangkok Process
tay: aqG;aEG;jcif; .................................................................................... 134
tcef; (7)
7;1? wwd,t}udraf jrmuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHq;kH jzwfcsurf sm; ............. 137
7;2? wwd,t}udrf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH xkwjf yefa=unmcsuf .............. 142
tcef; (8)
1;1? tvSnu
hf sobmywd Adv
k cf sKyfref;atmifoef;av;.tzGirhf ed @f cGe;f
ºuGa&mufvm=uaom wdik ;f &if;om;toD;oD;rS ud, k f
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tzG‹J ud,
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tpnf;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ txl;zdwf=um;xm;olrsm;ESifh
tjcm;Edik if aH &;tzG‹J tpnf;rsm;ESihf avhvmolrsm; cifAsm;—
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zvS,yf JG usi;f ya&;aumfrwD. zdw=f um;csut f & wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJodk‹ ,ckvdk wufwufºuGºuG
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yga=umif; usi;f ya&;aumfrwD w
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ºuGa&mufvm=uaomud, k pf m;vS,t f aygi;f wd‹k cifAsm;/ trsKd ;om;ta&;ESihf ygwo
f ufI
usaemfwdk‹wawG vkyfudkif±kef;uefvmcJh=uwm 'Dae‹qdk&if ESpfaygif; (50) ausmfae+yDqdkwm
ºuaG &mufvm=uaom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vH;k todyifjzpfygw,f? ESpaf ygi;f (50) ausmv f ;kH yrf;
cJ+h yD jzpfaomfvnf; bma=umifrh atmifjrif&ao;wmvJ/ bmtm;enf;csurf sm;/ bmtrSm;rsm;
vkycf o hJ vJ/ bmvkyaf e=uovJqw dk mukd &SmazGazmfxw k If awG‹&&dS aom xkt
d m;enf;csurf sm;/
trSm;rsm;udjk yifqif&eftwGuf TES;D aESmzvS,yf JG crf;raqmifo‹kd usaemfw@kd a&muf&adS e=ujcif;
jzpfygw,fqw kd m ajymvdyk gw,f?
acgi;f aqmifrsm; ud,
k pf m;vS,af wmfrsm;cifAsm; — usaemfw‹kd tm;enf;csuaf wGuawmh—
(1) &efot l ay: &efigpnf;tjrif oabmxm;rjywfom;jcif;/
(2) cdkifrmjywfom;aom &nfrSef;csufudkcsrSwfazmfjy+yD; xdk&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifodk‹om
ta&mufomG ;&ef wpdu k rf wfrwf aZmufcsrvkyaf qmif=ujcif;/
ponfw‹kd a=umifh usaemfw‹kd &v hJ yk if ef;[m a&SŒod‹k roGm;bJ a0hvnfa0hvnfjzpfae+yD;
[dak e&mrSm wydik ;f uGmxGuv
f u
kd /f 'Dae&mrSm wpyJx h u
G v
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kd jf zpfaewm tm;vk;H odjrifae+y;D om;
jzpfygw,f? 'gah =umifh ºuGa&mufvm=uaom acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;/ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;cifAsm;/
txufyg tm;enf;csufrsm;/ trSm;rsm;udkjyKjyifypfvdkufrSom usaemfwdk‹&Jhtvkyf[m
t&Sed af umif;pGmjzifh a&SŒod‹k wufEikd rf mS jzpfygw,f?
acgi;f aqmifrsm; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;cifAsm;/ jyKjyif&rnf qdak omtydik ;f ukd ajymvkyd gw,f?
trsKd ;om;ta&; vkyu f ikd af qmif&u
G &f mrSm xdo
k ufqikd o f nfh trsKd ;om;w&yfv;kH yg0if vkyaf qmif
&rSmjzpfygw,f// =um;aew,f qdkwmr&Sdovdk ESpfcGeif;xm;wmvnf;r&Sdyg// wzufryg&if
1
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
1;3? jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drukd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)
UNLD (LA) OuUX cGe;f rwf&u f bkd ef;.rde@f cGe;f
5
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
rqv&JEh ikd if aH &;rSm;,Gi;f r_a=umifh ESpaf ygi;f (40) ausm=f umvmwJt h cgrmS ppf'%fa=umifh
vnf;jzpfawmh jyef=unfv h u kd &f if 'Drukd a&pDv@l tcGit
hf a&;qd+k yD;awmh tJ'AD rm trsm;pkuvnf;
pvm=uw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS ol@zufrmS vlrsm;aeOD;rSmbJq+kd y;D rqvygwD wjzpfvJ wpnygwu D kd
arG;xkwaf y;cJw h ,f? 'gayr,fh 90 ck a&G;aumufyJG jyef=unfv h u
kd &f ifawmh tJet f vJ 'f u
D 80
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f tEdik &f w,f? UNLD u 15 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tEdik &f w,f? jyef=unf&h if 90 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f vlxu k
ol@w@kd qrD mS r&Sad wmhb;l ? OD;Ekvufxufwek ;f uvnf; zqyv nD!w $ wf thJ csed rf mS jyifqifa&;
udpuP kd *±krpdu k b f ;l ? uGw
J t hJ csed rf S jyifygv@kd ajymw,f? tckuvnf; t&ifwek ;f u (26) ESpv f ;kH vH;k
u Armvlxkolwkd@qDrSm&SdaewJh tcsdefusawmh bmrS*&krpdkufbl;? 90 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJ
=unfv h u kd &f if vlxu k ol@qrD mS r&Sad wmhb;l qdak wmh Armvlxv k nf; r&daS wmhb;l ? wkid ;f &if;om;
vlxkvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;? ESpfaygif; (50) ausmfwdkufvmcJhwJh vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;udk
typftcwf&yfpaJ &; qdw k hJ aemufq;kH ay:vufeufcsenf;eJ@ pDpOfvu kd wf ,f?
enf;trsK;d rsK;d oH;k vmwJt h csed u
f sawmh usaemfw@kd r'w tzJ@G 0ifwcsKd @vnf; ygomG ;w,f?
trmcHtzG@J awG ygomG ;w,f? 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;wef;wla&; bJajymajym t}u;D tus,f
qH;k ±_;H oGm;w,f? typftcwf&yfpaJ &;tzJ@G [m etz&JŒtwkta,miftrsK;d om;nDvmcH/ vrf;jy
ajryHkudk axmufcHw,f? trsKd;om;nDvmcHudkwufr,ftxd jzpfoGm;w,f? usaemfwdk@&Jh
rnD!$wfr_awG EdkifiHa&;tajcrcdkifr_awG[m tJ'DrSmoGm;awG@&w,f? wwd,t}udrfajrmuf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG mS usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k u nD!w G rf u
_ kd b,fvw kd nfaqmuf
rvJ? twGi;f u wkid ;f &if;om;awGe@J qufpyfr&_ adS tmif b,fvw kd nfaqmufr_ vky&f rvJ? tJ'g
wifru wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pk/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkawGe@J b,fvn kd !D w $ rf u _ kd wnfaqmuf
EdkifrvJ? wdkif;&if;om;awGuae wef;wla&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf oHk;yGifhqdkifeJ@oGm;&r,fvdk@
tm;vHk;vufcHxm;+yD; jzpfygw,f? oHk;yGifhqdkifyGJudk b,fvdka&mufatmif oGm;rvJqdkwmudk
}udK;yrf;&rSmjzpfw,f? aemufwcsuu f usaemfw@kd ukd etzu ajryH}k uD;csxm;w,f? usaemfw@kd
vnf; ol@xufomwJh Edik if w H umvufcEH idk w f hJ vrf;jyajryku
H kd b,fvckd srvJqw kd mudk aqG;aEG;zd@k
vdw k ,f? typftcwf&yfpaJ &;tzJ@G EiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;yg0if+yD; oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yGu
J kd
a&mufatmif b,fvo kd mG ;=urvJqw kd mudk aqG;aEG;zd@k vykd gw,f?
tm;vH;k udak us;Zl;wifygw,f? Ò
7
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1;4? u&ifet
D rsKd ;om;wd;k wufa&;ygwD OuUX clxb
J ;l zJ.rde@f cGe;f
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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av;pm;tyfwJhobmywd}uD;eJ@wuG wdkif;&if;om;
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f aygi;f wd@k cifAsm; —
Shan Democratic Union u EdkifiHa&; Front vJ
r[kwyf gb;l ? 'gayr,fh &Sr;f jynfppfwyfEiS hf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
eJ@t+rJwrf;tquftoG,f&Sdw,f? tm;vHk;uoufqdkif&m
Coordination vkyi f ef; awGvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? &Sr;f jynftwGi;f
nD!w G rf &_ &Szd @kd }udK;pm;cJ=h uygw,f? &Sr;f jynfrmS typftcwf
&yfp+J yD;om; tiftm;pkawG&ydS gw,f? typftcwf&yfpaJ &;rSm
rygwmu RCSS/SSA &Syd gw,f? 'gwifrubl;/ &Sr;f jynfrmS
EdkifiHa&;t&xifay: +yD;awmh cdkifrmwJh SNLD &Sdygw,f?
a'guw f mp0fZef@a,mifa[G
Edik if aH &; tiftm;vnf; tjynft h 0&Syd gw,f? wku d cf u
kd af ewJh
tiftm;vnf;tjynft h 0 &Syd gw,f? +idr;f csr;f a&;toGiaf qmif+yD; quf+yD;wku d af ewJh vufeuf
udik t
f iftm;pkawGvnf; trsm;tjym; &Syd gw,f?
&Sr;f jynfu vufeufuikd t f m;vH;k aygi;f rnfq&kd if “0”tygt0if tiftm;aomif;csD &Syd g
w,f? SDU taeeJ@ 'Dtiftm;awGukd pkpnf;zd@k wm0ef&ydS gw,f? +idr;f csr;f a&;tzG@J awGukd opPm
azmufw,fv@kd ajymvd@k r&bl;? olw@kd u tajctaetrsKd ;rsKd ;/ zdtm;trsKd ;rsKd ;ay;cH&r_awGa=umifh
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tzGJ@vkyfwm vufeufcswmvnf;r[kwfbl;? EdkifiHa&;qufrvkyfwm vJr[kwfbl;? typf
tcwf&yfpaJ &;vkyw f m Edik if aH &;&nf&, G cf suuf kd vufrv$wyf gb;l ? olw@kd vnf; oabmwlw,f?
Edik if aH &;udk Edik if aH &;enf;eJ@ ajz&Si;f zd@k ygb?J Edik if aH &;qdk ajymqdck iG rhf &Syd gb;l ? pD;yGg;a&;vkyuf ikd cf iG hf
ay;w,f? tkyfcsKyfa&;udk cGifhjyKay;w,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@ +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@awG ESifh
wjcm;jynfe,fu +ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J awGu +ird +f ird af ewmr[kwb f ;l ? olw@kd vnf; wwfEikd w f @J zufu
wGef;w,f? SSPC, KIA, Wa vnf;wGef;w,f? etzeJ@ Dialogue vkyfzdk@ SNLD eJ@
Edik if aH &;tzG@J uvnf;wGe;f w,f? UNLD tzG@J awGuvnf; wGe;f tm;ay;w,f?
wcsKd@u b,fvdkjrifvmovJqdk&if cif!Gef@vrf;jyajryHku vdrfpm;wmyJ? [kwfwmyJ/
Edik if aH &;u vdrpf m;wwfwmyJ? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,w f hJ vl&EhJ ikd if aH &;u t+rJwrf;vdrpf m;wmyJ? 'gudk
olw@kd u vdrw f ,fq+kd yD;awmh wzufrmS Political Offensive Edik if aH &;xd;k ppfqifaewmbJjzpf
w,f? 'D Edik if aH &;xd;k ppfukd olw@kd x;kd vmw,f? xdik ;f / w&kw/f ukvor*~w@kd uawmif etz&Jh
Edik if aH &;xd;k ppfukd axmufcv H mw,f? etz&Jh NC ESihf Bangkok Process wd@k ukd axmufcaH e=u
wm[m etz&Jhxdk;ppfudk wenf;tm;jzifh axmufcHaewmbJjzpfw,f? usaemfwdk@zufu
Edik if aH &;ppfyJG xd;k oif+h yv
D @kd wcsed v
f ;kH atmfae=uw,f? tcktcGit hf a&; eJe&J v
dS mwJt
h cgrmS etzu
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
Edik if w
H umzdtm;udk rcHEikd v f @kd wcg;eJezJ iG vhf mwJt h cgrmS / 'grrS [kwf ajymifped af c:vmwJt h cgrmS
'guolwdk@rw&m;bl;? r&kd;om;bl; qdk+yD;awmh usaemfwkd@+iD;ae jyefw,f? etz&Jhxdk;ppfudk
rw&m;bl;vd@k ajym&if/ etz&Jph ed af c:r_ukd r&d;k om;bl;vd@k q+kd y;D xdik af e&if urBmub,fvjkd rifrvJ?
xdik ;f ub,fvjkd rifvmrvJ? w&kwu f b,fvjkd rifvmrvJ? atmfwmawmhatmfw,f? a&S@rwuf
csib f ;l ? vufeufrukid cf sib f ;l ? olyek rf [kwb f ;l ? cGx
J u
G af &; orm;r[kwb f ;l ? Edik if aH &;jy\emudk
Edik if aH &;eJ@ ajz&Si;f r,fq+kd yD; wcsed v f ;kH atmfae&Hek @J +yD;rvm;? 'gwifruao;bl;/ etzzufu
Edik if aH &; xd;k ppfqifvmwJt h cgrmS ud, k u f olw@kd vkyw f mrw&m;bl; qd+k yD;atmfae&Hek @J +yD;rvm;?
&efol&Jhxdk;ppfudk &efol&Jhxdk;ppftjzpfeJ@ jrifwwfzdk@vdkw,f? &efol&Jhxdk;ppfudk jrif&ufom;eJ@
wefjyefx;kd ppfrqif&b J ;l / wefjyefx;kd ppfqif&if usaemfw@kd &;H_ r,f/ wku d yf 0JG if&if &_;H r,f ,lq+y;D awmh
'DyrJG mS vnf; r0if&b J ;l qd&k if bmjzpfomG ;rvJ qdw k mudv k nf; pOf;pm;=unf=h uyg?
usaemfw@kd jywfjywfom;om;wdu k v f mwm tESpf (50) ausmv f m+y?D +ird ;f csr;f a&;vkyo f mG ;wJh
vlawGuvnf; rwdu k wf mr[kwb f ;l ? olw@kd vnf; Edik if aH &;t& qufwu kd af ewmyJ? usaemfw@kd
tjyifuvnf; qufwu kd af ew,f? tck Ekid if aH &; xd;k ppfqifvmwJt h cgrmS usaemfw@kd wefjyef
wJah e&mrSm/ wefjyefx;kd ppfjf yefqifz@kd vw kd ,f? olw@kd r&k;d om;bl;qd+k y;D awmh rygawmhb;l qd&k ifvnf;
r&awmhb;l ? tJ'g aumif;aumif;pOf;pm;ygv@kd wdu k wf eG ;f vdyk gw,f? olw@kd oyd q f ;kd w,f raumif;
bl;qdw k muawmh wurBmvH;k od+yD? ukvor*~vnf; odw,f? ppftm%m&Sif awGb,favmuf
qd;k 0g;aewmudv k nf; uav;utp wurBmvH;k uodygw,f? 'ga=umifh +iD;xGm;&Hek @J r+yD;bl;?
vd&k myef;wdik af &mufz@kd q&kd if enf;trsK;d rsK;d eJ@wu kd &f r,f? usaemfw@kd wku d Ef ikd w
f ,fq&kd if Edik if aH &;
ppfqifa&;udk zGiv hf mwJt h csed rf mS xyfIjyef+y;D ppfqifa&; vkyEf ikd w f ,f? wcsed w f nf;rSm +ird ;f csr;f a&;
r,lao;aewJt h zG@J awGvnf; quf+yD;wdu k af ewmyJ? vufeufuikd f vrf;pOfpeG @f z@kd qw kd mvnf;
r[kwyf gb;l ? vufeufuikd w f thJ zG@J awGvnf; qufvufwu kd yf g? r[mAsL[mt& Edik if aH &;xd;k ppf
xd;k r,fv h v
l nf; qufx;kd yg? bufaygi;f pHu k ayg?h 'g[m SDU &Jh &nf&, G cf suf jzpfygw,f? aus;Zl;
wifygw,f? Ò
11
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12
tcef; (2)
ENSCC . ESpEf pS w
f mvkyif ef;tpD&ifcpH mrsm;udw
k ifoiG ;f jcif;
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
ed'ge;f
wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm;aoG ; pnf ; nD ! G w f a &;ES i f h
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;aumfrwD ENSCC udk ouU&mZf
2001 ckEpS f =o*kwv f (26 rS 30) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om
'kw,d t}udraf jrmuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ
(Ethnic Nationalities Seminar) wGizf @GJ pnf;cJyh gonf?
ENSCC aumfrwDzJG@pnf;&jcif;.&nf&G,fcsufrSm
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.EdkifiHa&; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vuf
a'guw
f mqvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f eufudkifawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm; pkpnf;nD!GwfpGmjzifh
oHk;yGifhqdkifaqG;aEG;yJGtwGuf jyifqifr_rsm;jyKvkyfEdkif&ef ESifh
EdkifiHwumrS wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. oHk;yGifhqdkifaqG;aEG;yJG jzpfay:vma&;}udK;yrf;r_tay:
ulnDyHhydk;r_rsm;/ tm;ay;axmufcHr_rsm; &&SdEdkif&ef zJG@pnf;xm;onfh vkyfief;aumfrwDw&yf
jzpfygonf? wenf;tm;jzifq h ykd gu ENSCC onf Edik if aH &;ygwD w&yfvnf;r[kw/f Edik if aH &;
wyfaygi;f pkwckvnf; r[kwyf g? Edik if aH &;t&awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&; jzpfay:vmEdik af &;ESihf xdo k @kd awG@qkH
&mwGif oH;k yGiqhf ikd af qG;aEG;yJrG sm; tppftrSejf zpfa&;twGuf Armr[kwaf om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;zufrS jyifqifrr_ sm;/ yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ sm; jyKvkyEf ikd &f ef tjyif tjrifq
h ;kH tqifh “woH
wnf;xGuEf ikd af &;” (One Ethnic Voice) txdO;D wnfI zJ@G pnf;xm;aom aumfrwDw&yfom
jzpfygonf?
oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJEG iS hf ENSCC Edik if aH &;r[mAsL[m
tESpif g;q,fausm=f um jynfwiG ;f ppftygt0if jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;jy\em
rsm;tm;vH;k udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &ef rdrw d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;rS tpOfwpdu k af wmif;qdv k mcJyh gonf? xdk awmif;qdck surf sm;ESit hf nD 1994 ckEpS f
rSpI urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH}u;D rS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk
oH;k yGiqhf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yJjG zifh rsuEf mS csi;f qdik af qG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &ef ESppf OfEpS w
f ikd ;f qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
csrw S cf yhJ gonf? xdo k ;kH yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJw
G iG f vuf&pdS pftpd;k & etz/ 1990 a&G;aumufyw GJ iG f
tEdik &f &Scd ahJ om a':atmifqef;pk=unfO;D aqmifonfh NLD ygwED iS hf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
tm;vH;k tiftm;pko;kH &yfyg0if&ef urBmu h vk or*~rS qH;k jzwfcyhJ gonf?
15
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
urBmu h o
k r*~q;kH jzwfcsuEf iS thf nD oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJaG y:ayguv f ma&;twGuf aomf‚if;/
oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJG jzpfay:vmaomtcg rdrw d @kd .Edik if aH &;&nfreS ;f csurf sm;ESihf acwftqufqufrS
qH;k &_;H epfemcJah om tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk jyefvnf&&SEd ikd &f ef wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;zufrS jyifqifrr_ sm;
jyKvkyf&ef txl;vdktyfaecJhygonf? xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD vGwfajrmufe,fajra&muf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.Edik if aH &;ygwt D zJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; tiftm;pk
rsm;udk pkpnf;Edik &f ef ouU&mZf 2001 ckEpS f =o*kwv f wGif usi;f ycJah om 'kw, d t}udraf jrmuf
wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf w GJ iG f ENSCC udzk @GJ pnf;wm0efay;tyfcjhJ cif; jzpfygonf?
xdak =umifh ENSCC taejzihf atmufwiG af z: jyxm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;
ygwt D zJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; tiftm;pkrsm;t=um; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf
yl;aygi;f a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf jzpfygonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS —
(1) jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (UNLD) atmufwiG pf pk nf;
yg0if=uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/
(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (NDF) wyfaygif;pk}uD;wGifyg0ifae=uaom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.vufeuf udik af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;/
(3) trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) wyfaygi;f pk}u;D wGif ryg0ifaom wdik ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;rsm;.vufeuf udik af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;/
(4) etzppftyk pf Ek iS hf typftcwf&yfpaJ &;jyKvkyx
f m;cJ=h uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm; [lIjzpfygonf?
txufwiG af z: jyxm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf vufeufuikd f
awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;. pkpnf;nD!w G rf t
_ iftm;jzifh - ENSCC rSatmufygvyk if ef;rsm;udk
aqmif&uG t f aumiftxnfaz:&ef avmcD;vmwGif usi;f yaom 'kw, d t}udrw f ikd ;f &if;om;
nDvmcH}uD;wGif qH;k jzwfcyhJ gonf? vkyif ef;pOfrsm;rSm -
(1) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if .
H Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk awG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh +ird ;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f
tajz&SmEdkif&ef aomf‚if;/ vuf&Sdppftpdk;& etz/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfOD;aqmifonfh
'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf rdrw d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;yg0ifaom oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJG
jzpfay:vma&;twGuf aomf‚if;/ ENSCC aumfrwDtaejzifh tjyKoabmaqmifaom
(Constructive Action) ESihf OD;pD;OD;aqmifr_ (Pro-active) rsm;udk twwfEikd q f ;kH jyKvyk &f ef?
( Undertake pro-active and constructive action to bring about a peaceful
resolution to the political conflict in Burma through a dialogue process
involving the SPDC, the NLD led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, and the
ethnic nationalities, as dialogue partners);
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(2) ,ae@ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if w H iG f }uKH awG@ae&aom Edik if aH &;ESihf vlra_ &;taxGaxG jy\em
rsm; (,if;Edik if aH &; yÉdyuQrsm;ESihf vlra_ &;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk rdrw d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;u ydkrdkjyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&ygonf) udk tjrefqHk;ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf ENSCC
aumfrwDtaejzifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;/ 'Drdkua&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;ESio hf mru urBmu h v k or*~tygt0if Edik if w H umtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ tiftm;
pkrsm;ESifh Agencies rsm;udkwdkifyifjcif;/ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk wwfEdkifoa&G@
aqmif&u G &f ef?
( Consult widely, cooperation, and work closely with all stakeholders in
Burma and with the international community, international bodies and
agencies, the UN, and humanitarian organizations to resolve the grave
humanitarian cries in Burma, which most seriously affect the ethnic
nationalities population);
(3) yifvpkH w
d "f gwu
f jkd yefvnf&iS af pjcif;jzifh yifvpkH w
d "f gwu
f t
kd ajccHaom jynfaxmifpjk yefvnf
wnfaqmufa&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:Edkifa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;aqmif&Guf
oGm;&ef/
( Reviving the Panglong Spirit, and nation-building).
17
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
xdk Strategy Consultation Committee wGif ,ae@u|Eykf w f @kd qifEa$J eaom 'Dru kd a&pD
ta&;awmfy}kH uD;. tEdrW yef;wdik f (Ultimate Goal) onf 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfut kd ajccHaom ppfreS f
aomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;jzpfa=umif;ESifh xdkyef;wdkifta&mufcsDwufEdkifzdk@
r[mAsL[m (Grand Strategy) tjzpf "Tripartite Dialogue" oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qkH aqG;aEG;a&;
udk toHk;csoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; twnfjyKqHk;jzwfEdkifcJhygonf? qHk;jzwfcsuftjynfhtpHkrSm
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf?
3. Further, the Strategy Consultation:
a. Re-affirms that the movement's main objective is the establishment of
democracy and a Federal Union.
b. Re-affirms that a tripartite dialogue is the main strategy for achieving
its objective. However, all available options and tactics are to be used.
This may include the empowerment of the masses (people power),
political activities, international lobbying and defensive military action
as well as using the powers of persuasion on the military.
c. A decision is made to strive for elevation of the secret talks between
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and the SPDC to a genuine political dialogue
and to find new initiatives in our endeavour for the realization of a
tri-partite dialogue in which genuine delegates of the ethnic nationalities
are represented.
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
od@k &mwGif Ethnic Initiative udpk wifaomtcg rar#mv f ifah om zufaygi;f pHrk S em;rvnfr/_
oHo,&Srd E_ iS hf wdu kd rf r_ sm;udk cHc&hJ ygonf? ENSCC taejzifh Ethnic Initiative &,ljcif;rSm
k cf u
— a':atmifqef;pk=unf. tcef;u¾udk arS;rSed af tmifvyk jf cif;r[kwo f vd/k 'Dru
kd a&pDta&;
awmfy}kH uD;. tEdrW yef;wdik jf zpfaom “'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifppk epf
xlaxmifa&;” vrf;pOfraS oGzo D mG ;jcif;r[kwaf =umif; &Si;f vif;cJ&h ygonf? Tod@k jzifh ouU&mZf
2003 ck {+yDv wGif SCC OD;aqmifrj_ zifh usi;f ycJah om xdyo f ;D acgi;f aqmifrsm;. nDvmcHrS
ENSCC . Ethnic Nationalities Initiative udak xmufct H m;ay;a=umif; qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S f
Edik cf yhJ gonf?
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
23
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
a'guw
f mqvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f
twGi;f a&;rSL;
Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee (ENSCC)
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G af &;aumfrwD
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
2;2? Adv
k rf LS ;}u;D cGeOf uUmrS ENSCC . Edik if aH &;vrf;jyajryk.
H tpD&ifcpH mwifjyjcif;
Road Map for Rebuilding the Union of Burma .tpD&ifcpH m
1) tcsed Z
f ,m; r&Sd (6) ESpf
2) urBmu h o k r*~q;kH jzwfcsurf sm; nD!w G rf r_ &Sd nD!w G rf &_ dS
3) oH;k yGiqhf ikd o
f @kd O;D wnfr_ r&Sd &Sd
4) tiftm;pktm;vH;k yg0ifr_ r&Sd &Sd
5) OD;wnfcsuf ppftpd;k &w&m;0if 'Drukd a&pDtpd;k &opf
tpd;k &jzpfapa&; ay:xGuaf &;
6) ud, k pf m;vS,af &G;cs,yf kH zdtm;ay;/ vGwv f yfaom
vufaqmifay;pepf oabmqEN
7) yxrtqifh trsKd ;om;nDvmcH trsKd ;om;nD!w G af &;
jyefac:a&; uGeu f &uf
8) 'kw, d tqifh etzrl (104)csuf trsKd ;om;oabm
wlncD suf
tm;vH;k udak us;Zl;wifygw,f? Ò
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
tcsed rf mS The most Comprehensive Road Map vdjk rif=uw,f ? tJ'v D kd yd+k y;D awmh todtrSwf
jyK/ jrif=uwJth ay:rSm usaemfw@kd vrl sK;d pktay:rSm yd+k y;D awmh,=kH unfr_ &Sv
d m=uw,f qdw k t
hJ ydik ;f udk
wifjyvdyk gw,f?
+y;D awmh aemufawG@whJ oH&;Hk [mqd&k if rav;&Sm;oH&;Hk jzpfw,f? rav;&Sm;qd&k if ykrH eS f usaemf
wd@k awG@w,f? tdE, Nd oH&;Hk udk ykrH eS o
f mG ;w,f? awmiftmz&duEkid if H txdomG ;w,f? tckajymwm
uoH&;Hk awG jzpfw,f? Edik if H taeeJ@ oGm;r,fq&kd if *syef/ aemfa0/ 'de;f rwf/ *&d/ b,fv*s, D rf/
pydef/ t*Fvef/ *smr%D/ puFmyl/ ta&SŒwDarm/ tif'dkeD;&Sm; pojzifha&mufcJhw,f/ Oyrm-
[efa,mifa[G qd&k if ENSCC &Jh t}uHay;yk*Kd~ vf taeeJ@ ola&mufwahJ e&mrSm ajymwmbJ/
usaemfwdk@ NCUB(FAC) taeeJ@ apma';Apfaxmu OD;aqmif+yD; tif'dkeD;&Sm; oGm;r,f/
usaemfw@kd ENSCC emrnfe@J r[kwaf yr,fh The Panglong Initiative udk tcGit hf a&;&atmif
,l+yD;wifjyw,f// +yD;awmh e0w&Jh Propaganda udk usaemfw@kd u (Undo) jzwfwmayg@aemf/
olw@kd ajymaewmu olw@kd r&S&d ifbmjzpfr,f/ 'gayrJh usaemfw@kd u r[kwyf gb;l / 'g[m e*du k wnf;
u yifvpkH mcsKyfe@J wnfaqmufvmwJh jynfaxmifpjk zpfw,f/ usaemfw@kd yifvpkH mcsKyfuv kd nf;
wu,fwrf; usaemfw@kd u Voluntary Union jzpfw,f/ usaemfw@kd twif;t=uyf a=umufv@kd /
pdw&f y_ v f @kd 0ifwm r[kwyf gb;l qdw k hJ yHrk sK;d eJ@t+rJwrf;bJ tJ't D ydik ;f awG usaemfw@kd vyk w f mawG
vnf;&Sw d ,f/ aemufwck twGi;f udprP mS qd&k if twGi;f udpu P wkd m0ef,+l y;D vkyw f yhJ *k Kd~ vfawG&w dS ,f/
Oyrm - &mZvD&ŒJ vufaxmuf Leo Rul Martin [mqd&k if ArmjynfrmS tajcpdu k w f ,/f
usaemfw@kd e@J (3) vw}udrf t+rJawG@w,f/ oluaewqift h wGi;f &Sd usaemfw@kd tiftm; Cease-
Fire tkyp f ak wG/ Edik if aH &; ygwaD wG/ NLD pojzifh wdik ;f &if;om;&Jh taetxm;awG/ usaemfw@kd &hJ
pkpnf;r_/ usaemfw@kd &hJ pnf;vH;k nD!w G jf cif; Unity usaemfw@kd &q hJ EN/ usaemfw@kd bmudv k ckd siw f mvJ/
usaemfw@kd u zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd &csiw f ,fqw
kd hJ tJ'u
D pd aP wGukd t+rw J rf;wifjy/ Propose
vkyEf ikd cf yhJ gw,f?
wzufrmS vJ=unfrh ,fq&kd if xdik ;f tpd;k &udk apmapmydik ;f u usaemfw@kd Diplomat udpaP wG/
xdik ;f qd&k if xdik ;f &Jh Tatic ayg@/ tpd;k &qdw k m 'Duae@ 0ef}u;D [m reufjzefjyKwf&ifjyKwfr,f/ od@k aomf
Tatic qdw k mt+rw J rf;&dw
S ,f/ 'D Tatic eJ@ usaemfw@kd u t+rw J rf; tcGit hf a&;&atmif ,l+y;D awmhrS
olw@kd EiS hf awG@w,f/ wdik yf ifw,f/ tvm;wlbJ tcGiv hf rf;awG&mS +yD;awmh xdik ;f &Jh Edik if jH cm;a&;
aumfrwDrmS Sharing awGbmawG usaemfw@kd omG ;w,f/ usaemfw@kd &hJ udpaP wGukd ajymw,f/
wdik ;f &if;om;udp[ P m b,fv&kd v dS pJ onhjf zifh Sharing vkyw f ,f/ olw@kd u ac:w,f/ 0rf;omw,f?
[dk Road Map xGufwJh tcsdefqdk&if qvdkif;vsefr_ef; ESifh [ef wdk@uae+yD;awmhrS Press
Conference awGvy kwf ,f? tJ'u D pd aP wGuvJ usaemfw@kd uowif;udpu P kd jr‡iwhf if (Promote)
vkyw f t
hJ ydik ;f xJrmS ygwmygb/J internationalize vkyw f hJ tydik ;f ygb/J Lobby vkyw f t hJ ydik ;f awGe@J vJ
usaemfw@dk ajymvd@k &w,f? tJ'aD wmh wzufrmS jyef=unfq h &kd if UN udv k J &mZmvDEiS hf usaemf
wd@k u xdawG@ra_ wG vkyyf gw,f/ olEiS hf wdu k ±f u
dk rf [kw&f ifawmifrS Leo Rul Martin rSaomf‚if;/
tzG@J tpnf;taeeJ@ r[kwaf yr,hv f nf; wOD;csi;f aomf‚if;/ tcGi}hf uHKwdik ;f tJ'gawG usaemfw@kd
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
vkycf yhJ gw,f? 'Dae@q&kd if Edik if tH awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u bmajymvJq&kd ifo&H ;Hk awGu tpajym
w,f/ vlrsKd;pkawG&Jhpnf;&kH;r_ tm;&p&maumif;vmw,fqdkwm olwdktaeeJ@ajymvmw,f/
toHxu G v
f mwmudak wGŒ&w,f? aemuf+yaD wmh xdik ;f tpd;k & ud, k Ef u_d u f 'Duae@o&l hJ ay:vpDu
bmvJq&kd if e0wESihf xdik ;f &Jh vuf&t dS aetxm;udk vufrcHb;l / tJ'gusaemfw@kd ENSCC &Jh
Road Map a=umifv h @kd usaemfw@kd ajymvd@k &w,f/ usaemfw@kd vrl sK;d pk&phJ pk nf;r_ b,fv&kd w
dS ,f/
b,fvv kd yk w
f ,f qdw k t hJ jriftay:rSm tm;&w,f? tJ't D ay:rSmvnf; 'Duae@ e0wESix hf ikd ;f
xm;wJh vuf&Sdtaetxm;udk vufrcHbl;/ trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&; &Sdudk&dS&r,f/
tJ'Denf;tm;jzifh vkyf&r,f/ aemufwcku trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;aphwJh tcgqdk&if
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Ethnic Nationalities yguykd g&r,f? NLD, Ethnic Nationalities, SPDC
qdw
k mu wdwu d sus olw@kd csxm;wmudk usaemfw@kd awG@&w,f/
ed*;Hk csKyftaeeJ@ usaemfajymcsiw f mu ENSCC uae+yD;awmh vkyo f mG ;wJu
h pd aP wGtay:rSm
usaemfxifw,f/f trsm;}uD; wdik ;f &if;om; (Ethnic) ud, k pf m;vkyo f mG ;wJth cg wdik ;f &if;om;
(Ethnic) tay: xm;wJh tjynfjynfqdkif&m&Jhtjrifu trsm;}uD;ajymif;vJvmw,fvdk@
,Hk=unfw,f/ ,kH=unfwJh tm;avsmfpGmbJ ENSCC udkqufxm;rvm;/ rxm;bl;vm;/
rxm;bl; qd&k ifvJ jzwfv@kd &w,f? xm;csiv f J xm;zd@k aumif;w,f? 'grrS [kw&f ifvJ usaemf
xifwm usaemfw@kd rmS yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf _ (Coordination) vkyzf @kd / pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf _ (Unity)
wckawmhvdkudk vdktyfw,f? Tactical Unity bJac:ac:ayg@/ zGJ@udkzJG@oifh w,f/ ENSCC
udbk q
J ufxm;r,f/ tJ'w D m0ef ay;r,fq&kd if yHpk aH jymif;+yD;awmhay;oifw h ,f qdv k nf;ay;oifh
w,fv@kd xifygw,f? usaemfoabmeJ@tjrifu ENSCC &Jt h vkyu f awmh tusK;d &Sw d ,fv@kd
jrifwthJ a=umif; ajym&if;ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f? tm;vH;k udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? Ò
30
tcef; (3)
3;1? jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)
UNLD (LA) rSwifoiG ;f aom tjrifEiS o hf abmxm;pmwrf;
33
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
34
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(7) &ufae@wiG f xyfrwH ikd yf ifaqG;aEG;=u+yD;awmh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;udk
OD;pGmwnfaqmufEikd cf w
hJ ,f?
oabmwlncD surf sm;rSm —
1? Armwd@k EiS hf tqift h wef;wl/ tcGit hf a&;wl/ &ydik cf iG w
hf l 'Dru
kd a&pDusus cHpm;cGi&hf &dS rnf?
2? tr_aqmifaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G =f uaom &Sr;f ud, k pf m;vS,f ESihf ucsiu
f ,
kd pf m;vS,f
wd@k onf rdrw d @kd vrl sKd ;toD;oD;. jynfwiG ;f a&;&mtm;vH;k twGuf wm0ef,al qmif&u G =f u
&rnf?
3? ucsiw f @kd u oD;jcm; ucsijf ynftvd&k adS =umif; awmif;qdck suu f kd TaumfrwDu axmufcH
onf?
4? Armjynftpd;k &ESihf +Adwo d #tpd;k &wd@k . (atmifqef;tufwvD pmcsKyfoabmwlncD surf sm;
onf &Sr;f / ucsiw f @kd EiS hf ygwo
f ufjcif; r&Sad p&)?
5? vGwv f yfa&;&&S+d y;D onfah emuf “jrefrmjynfaxmifp”k rS u|Eykf w f @kd oabmusonft h csed wf iG f
cGx
J uG cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
aemufqufwrJG sm;tjzpf —
(u) A[dt k cGeaf wmfaiGEiS phf yfvsO;f I &Sr;f wd@k cpH m;&aomtcGit hf a&;ESihf &ydik cf iG t
hf m;vH;k wd@k twdik ;f /
csi;f ESihf ucsiw f @kd uvnf; vlO;D a&tvdu k f cHpm;cGi&hf &dS rnf?
(c) csi;f wd@k a'owGif b¾ma&;rvHak vmufonf&cdS ahJ omf jrefrmjynftcGeaf wmfqufaiGrsm;rS
jznfw h if;oH;k pG&J rnf?
(*) &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifaomawmifwef;om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzG@J
OD;pD;tr_aqmifaumfrwDw&yfukd zG@J pnf; wnfaxmif&rnf? ‚if;tr_aqmifaumfrwDonf
awmifwef;om;rsm;ESihf jrefrmjynftpd;k &wd@k t=um;wGif ay:ayguo f r#aom ay:vpDa&;
qdik &f mudp&P yftm;vH;k ESihf pyfvsO;f I tqH;k tjzwfay;Edik af om tm%mtjynft h pH&k &dS rnf
— [lI yg&+dS yD;awmh &Sr;f jynfacgi;f aqmif (14) OD;/ ucsijf ynfacgi;f aqmif (6) OD;ESihf csi;f jynf
acgif;aqmif (3) OD; toD;oD; oabmwlvufrSwfa&; xdk;=uygw,f? tJ'DpmcsKyf[m
Armjynfrtpd;k &ud, k pf m; Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf 1947 ck azaz:0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f
csKyfqx kd m;cJ=h uwJh yifvpkH mcsKyf&hJ t}udKpmcsKyfyifjzpfygw,f?
yifvpkH mcsKyf&t
hJ ESpo
f m&uawmh —
1? oD;jcm;pDwnf&wdS ehJ ,fajrrsm; w+ydKifwnf;vGwv
f yfa&;&,l=uzd@k EiS hf
2? trsKd ;om;wef;wl&nfwl zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&; bJjzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; OD;pGmpnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;udk wnfaqmuf=u+yD;rS Armtif
tm;pkEiS hf xyfqifo h abmwlnrD &_ &S+d yD; trsKd ;om;pdw"f gw/f jynfaxmifppk w
d "f gww f nfaqmuf
Edik =f u+yD; udv
k ekd t
D *Fvyd x f rH S vGwv f yfa&;udv k nf; trdt& wGe;f tm;ay;Edik jf cif; jzpfygw,f?
35
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
'kw,
d t}udrf pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;wnfaqmufjcif;
obmywd}uD;ESihf acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; -
(u) 1947 ck/ zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH m;enf;csurf sm;?
Armjynfre,fajrudk,fpm;jyK+yD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh &Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ csif;jynf
ud,
k pf m;jyKwdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; csKyfqckd =hJ uwJh yifvpkH mcsKyfrmS tEdik t
f ¶_;H pmcsKyfr[kwyf g?
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; wef;wl&nfwjl ynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufz@kd bJ jzpfygw,f?
'gayrJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;usqHk;oGm;+yD;aemufydkif;/ zqyvacgif;aqmifrsm;[m yifvHk
pdw"f gw/f wef;wla&;pdw"f gw/f trsKd ;om;pdw"f gwf tajccHrrl aS oGz,ftm;eJ=u+y;D 1947 ck zG@J pnf;
tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qG&J mrSm Armjynfrudk jynfaxmifpt k m%mESihf wGx J m;vd@k / &Sr;f jynf/
ucsijf ynf/ csi;f jynfrsm;[m wef;wltcGit hf a&;qH;k ¶_;H oGm;w,f? Armpd;k rd;k jcif; vufatmufcH
usa&mufomG ;w,f? jynfe,f&oif&h xdu k w f hJ rGe/f u&if/ &cdik u
f kd jynfe,fxal xmifray;bl;?
u&ifejD ynfacgi;f aqmif apmzsmESihf jynforl sm; qENrygbJ vufatmufcjH ynfe,fwe,ftjzpf
twif;xnfx h m;vduk wf ,f? 'gah =umifv
h w
G v f yfa&;&+y;D zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya' touf0if
vmonfESifhw+ydKifeuf jynfwGif;ppfrD;[mvnf; w+ydKifwnf;pwif avmifu|rf;oGm;wm
jzpfw,f?
t*FvdyfukdvdkeDacwfumvrSm Armtygt0if wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrrsm;tm;vHk; udkvdkeD
vufatmufcjH zpfc=hJ uw,f/ 'gayrJh Armjynfrudo k m t*Fvyd t f pd;k &u wdu k ¶f u
kd t
f yk cf sKyf+yD;
&Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f ESihf u&ife,fajr[m ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf &Sx
d m;wmjzpfw,f? u&ifejD ynfuawmh
t*FvdyfESifh Armbk&ifu oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJhwdkif;jynftjzpf qufvuftodtrSwfjyKxm;
wmjzpfw,f? 'gayrJh vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D wJh aemuf 1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'rSm Armu
t*Fvyd af e&mwufxikd jf yD; wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; vufatmufcb H 0usa&mufomG ;wmjzpfw,f?
(c) wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;wnfaqmufjcif;?
1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tc%f; (10) rSm (10) ESpjf ynfch x
JG uG yf ikd cf iG yhf gw,f? tc%f;
(11) rSm jyifqifciG yhf gw,f? 'gayrJh wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;[m cGx J u G cf iG whf }udrw
f cgrS
roH;k cJb
h ;l — Oya'twdik ;f jyifqifciG whf ifwmawmifrS zqyvnD!w G af ewJt h csed rf mS ta=umif;
trsKd ;rsKd ;jy+yD; tcsed q
f v
JG mcJw
h ,f?
'gayrJh zqyv tzG@J csKyf OD;EkEiS hf OD;ausm+f idr;f oef@&iS ;f — wnf+rJ uG=J u+yJ=u+yD;wJth csed =f urS
0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ekuae+yD;awmh jynfe,facgif;aqmifrsm;udkac:+yD;awmh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;
nD!w G af &;udk jyefvnf wnfaqmufvw kd ,f? zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'jyifvykd gu jyifygq+kd y;D
w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeudyk g wygwnf; v$aJ y;vku d wf ,f? tJ't D csed f 1960 ck a&G;aumufyrJG mS
OD;EkO;D aqmifwhJ oef@&iS ;f zqyvrSm oH;k yHEk pS yf akH usmf tjywftowftEdik &f &S+d y;D jynfe,ftiftm;pk
36
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(*) jrefrmEdik if v
H rl sKd ;aygi;f pHk ES;D aESmzvS,yf }JG uD;usi;f yjcif;?
0ef}uD;csKyfO;D Eku 1962 ck azaz:0g&v D (24) &ufae@ &efuek +f rdK@ jynfvrf;toHvi$ chf ef;rrSm
jrefrmEdik if v
H rl sKd ;aygi;f pHk jynfaxmifprk El iS yhf wfoufv@kd ED;S aESmzvS,yf pJG wifusi;f ycJw
h ,f —
- ES;D aESmzvS,yf }JG uD;rSm yxp/ zqyv/ yrnw/ &yvp Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k
tjyif jynfe,fn! D wG af &;tzG@J rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; pHn
k pD mG wufa&muf=uygw,f? a&S;OD;pGm
jynfe,frsm;nD!w G af &;tzG@J rS zuf'&,frEl iS hf ywfouf+yD;awmh wifjyaqG;aEG;oGm;cJw
h ,f?
- ES;D aESmzvS,yf 'JG w
k ,
d ae@ukd rwfv (1) &ufae@wiG f qufvufusi;f y+y;D twdu
k t
f cHygwrD sm;
jzpf=uwJh yrnw/ zqyv ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u toD;oD;wifjyaqG;aEG;oGm;w,f?
- ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwwd,ae@udk rwfv (7) &ufae@rSm qufvufusif;yoGm;&efjzpf+yD;
tzG@J tpnf; tm;vH;k aqG;aEG;+yD;&ifawmh 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Eku em,utjzpf aqmif&u
G rf nfh
(1) jynfe,frsm; nD!w G af &;tzG@J ru
S ,
kd pf m;vS,f (6) OD;/
(2) yrnw ud, k pf m;vS,f (3) OD;/
(3) zqyv ud, k pf m;vS,f (3) OD;/
37
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
38
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
39
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
(40) &S+d y;D jzpfw,f? NDF wyfaygi;f pkz@JG pnf;vmwmvnf; (12) ESpjf ynfvh m+y;D jzpfw,f? 'gah =umifh
NDF wyfaygi;f pk[m 'Dru kd a&pDta&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;wef;wla&; tajccHrt l ay:tav;
teufxm;+yD; wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pk ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pk pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;twGuf
}udK;yrf;aqmif&u G af =umif; awG@&&dS w,f?
(1) NDF onf 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;twGi;f e0wu ypfcwfowfjzwf/
vku
d v
f zH rf;qD;vd@k wdik ;f &if;om;vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&v dS m=uwJh ausmif;om;
vli,frsm;ESihf 'Drukd a&pDtzG@J tpnf;rsm;wd@k ukd aEG;axG;pGm}udKqd+k yD; jrefrmjynf'rD u
kd &uf
wpfr[mrdwrf sm;tzG@J csKyf DAB udk zG@J pnf;um NDF ESihf wef;wl&nfwl wyfaygi;f pkwiG f
vufwyJG ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;?
(2) 1990 ck/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrSm a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom
jynfo@l vwG af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f (9) OD; vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&v dS m=u&m NDF
ESihf DAB wd@k u jynfov l x
l q
k ENukd tav;teufxm;&S+d yD; Edik if aH &;t&vnf;aumif;/
aiGa&;a=u;a&;t&vnf;aumif;/ tjynfht0axmufcHum jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
trsKd ;om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k & NCGUB udk rdrw d @kd tpd;k &tjzpf axmufcjH cif;?
(3) jynfwiG ;f rS vGwaf jrmufe,fajrod@k a&muf&v dS m=uwJh NLD ygw0D ifO;D a& (30) ausmu f
NLD (LA) zGJ@pnf;&mrSm jynfwGif;u jynfolvlxktrsm;pkaxmufcHonfh ygwDjzpf
onfth wdik ;f NDF-DAB wd@k uvnf; wyfaygi;f pk}uD;wcktjzpf axmufcv H ufcjH cif;/
ponfw h ikd ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkEiS hf 'Drukd a&pDtiftm;pkpnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;twGuf NCUB
wyfaygi;f pk}u;D udk atmifjrifpmG zG@J pnf;um pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;udk wnfaqmufEikd cf yhJ gw,f?
NCUB wyfaygi;f pkpnf;vH;k nD!w
G rf a_ qmif&u
G cf surf sm;?
(1) NCUB wyfaygi;f pkrmS yg0if=uwJh NDF, DAB, NLD(LA) ESihf NCGUB wd@k rmS 1992
ck Zlvikd v
f (30) &ufae@rmS ppfreS af om'Dru
kd a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k nfaqmufa&;
twGuf rme,fyavmpmcsKyfukd csKyfqEkd ikd cf =hJ uw,f?
(2) wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; yxrt}udrf ES;D aESmzvS,yf }JG uD;u oabmwlxw
k jf yefxm;aom 1997
ck Zefe0g&v D (14) &uf/ r,foa&mxmxkwjf yefa=unmcsuf ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf
zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&; tay: a':atmifqef;pk=unfu, kd w
f ikd af &m NLD
uygaxmufcHw,f/ vGwfajrmufe,fajra&muf 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;toD;oD;
uvnf; axmufc=H uw,f?
(3) vGwaf jrmufe,fajra&muf wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; ES;D aESm
zvS,yf }JG u;D udk usi;f yjyKvky+f y;D 1998 ck 'DZifbmv (14) &ufae@pjJG zifh ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pD
ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf ol;rGu J vk;d a=unmcsuu f kd xkwjf yefEikd f
cJw
h ,f?
41
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
(4) NCGUB rSm tem*gwjf refrmEdik if zH @JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'rl=urf;ESiyhf wfoufv@kd
trsKd ;om;wef;wl&nfwl ppfreS w
f 'hJ rD u
kd a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if w
H nfaqmuf
a&;twGuf tajccHOya' yxr (rl=urf;) udk a&;qGEJ ikd af =umif; awG@&&dS w,f?
'gah =umifh jynfwiG ;f 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pk NLD ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pk UNA, UNLD
wk@d onfvnf;aumif;/ awmfveS af &;e,fajrwGif NCUB wyfaygi;f pkEiS hf wyfaygi;f pkxrJ mS ryg0if
=uwJh KNPP, RCSS pwJt h zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k onf vnf;aumif;/ ppfreS wf 'hJ rD u
kd a&pDEiS hf
trsdK;om;wef;wl&nfwl zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf tajccHrltay:
tm;vH;k oabmxm; wln=D u+yD; pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;ukd wnfaqmufv#u&f =dS uw,f 'gayrJh
etz ppftyk pf ak =umifh ,ae@txd &nfreS ;f csuaf tmifjrif&ef }uKd ;yrf;aqmif&u G af eqJ jzpfygw,f?
tiftm;pkEpS &f yfxyd w
f u
dk f wku
d yf JG
etz zufqpfppftkyfpkrSm ukvor*~rScsrSwfxm;wJh oHk;yGifhqdkifEdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;rludk
qef@usi+f y;D ‚if;wd@k ppfwyf qufvuftm%mwnf+raJ &;twGuf Road Map (7) csuEf iS hf tajccH
rl (104) csuu f dk tajccHxm;wJh twkta,miftrsKd ;om;nDvmcH qufvufusi;f y&ef aumuf
usppf Of;vJpmG twif;vkyaf qmifaewmudk awG@&&dS ygw,f?
'ga=umif'h rdD u kd a&pDtiftm;pkEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkyg0ifwhJ bufawmfom;tiftm;pk
rSm pnf;vk;H nD!w G =f u+y;D wbufrmS etzzufqpfppftyk pf w k @kd &hJ Road Map vrf;!Gef (7) csuyf g
twkta,miftrsKd;om;nDvmcHukd enf;[efrsdK;pHkjzifh wkdufzsuf&if; jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH;
vkv d m;wJh ppfreS w f hJ 'Dru dk a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&; tajccHrl vkyif ef;rsm;ukd
qufvufaqmif&Guf=u&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'ga=umifh wwd,t}udrf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG mS wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; wnfaqmuf+yD; aemufwqifh
Arm'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkEiS hf pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;twGuf qufvufwnfaqmufomG ;&rSmjzpf
w,f? 'Drdkua&pDzuf'&,f jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk wqifh+yD; wqifh
aqmif&u G f oGm;&efvt kd yfa=umif;wifjyvdyk gw,f?
wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tiftm;pkESifh Arm'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&; wnf
aqmufa&;rS ppfreS af om'Dru
dk a&pD zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k nfaqmuf az:aqmifa&;qDo@dk
obmywd}uD;ESihf acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; — aemufq;kH taejzifph nf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;ESihf
ywfouf+yD;wifjyvkw
d muawmh —
(1) wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pk pkpnf;v#u&f adS om trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pk NDF ukv
d uf&dS
Ekid if aH &;jzpfxeG ;f rltaetxm;tay: wkid ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vk;H yg0ifppk nf;Ekid f
rnfeh nf;vrf;rsm; }udK;yrf;aqmif&u G o f mG ;&ef?
42
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
jynfaxmifpw
k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru
dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) UNLD(LA)
43
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
44
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
xk@d a=umihf wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;tcsi;f csi;f t=um; uGjJ ym;jcm;emaom rwlnrD r_ sm;ukd tjyef
tvSeftodtrSwfjyKESifh wlnDr_rsm;ukdnD!Gwfa&;twGuf tm;wcktjzpftoHk;jyK+yD;
nD!w G af &;ukd t&,lEidk cf =hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? Armekid if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u zqyvtzG@J csKyfwiG f
pkpnf;cJ=h uonf zqyvtzG@J csKyfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;atmifqef;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;uk,
d pf mvS,f
rsm;. nDnGwfa&;ukd yifvHkpmcsKyfjzifh xkdtcsdefwkef;u oufaoxlcJh=uonf? xkda=umifh
Armjynfvw G v f yfa&;atmifyu JG dk &,lEikd cf =hJ ujcif;jzpfonf?
2? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vGcJ &hJ aomatmifyrJG sm;
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. uk, d yf idk jf yXmef;cGiEhf iS hf uk,
d yf idk Ef idk if x
H al xmifciG hf }udK;yrf;r_rsm;onf
ar#mv f ifch suu f if;rJch o
hJ nfh umvcsn;f r[kwcf ahJ =umif; orkid ;f tawG@t}uHK oifcef;pmrsm;ukd
awG@jrifEidk yf gonf? atmifjrifry_ ef;wkid u f kd jrifc&hJ aom t}udraf ygi;f renf; &Scd o hJ nf[k qkEd ikd yf g
onf? +Adwdo#vufatmufrSvGwf vyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_umvudk jyef=unhfrnfqdkv#if ArmESihf
aygi;f r,lb/J yifvpkH mcsKyfomrcsKyfjzpfcb hJ J woD;wjcm;pD ud, k yf idk v f w G v
f yfa&;twGuf v_y&f mS ;r_
rsm;om&SdcJhv#if tm;vHk;aomwkdif;&if;om;rsm;twGuf udk,fykdifEdkifiH udk,fykdifwkdif;jynfESifh
,cktcsed w f iG f &Sad e=u+yD;jzpfygvrd rhf nf?
xkt d csed uf ,cktawG@t}uKH rsKd ;r&Scd =hJ uaoma=umifh Armtay:wGif tºuiG ;f rJ,h =kH unf cJ=h ur_
a=umifh ,ae@umvxd wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k . uH=urRmonf qk;d oGr;f oHo&mudk cg;oD;cHjyif;pGm
cHpm;ae=u&ygonf? rdrw d @dk widk ;f &if;om;rsm;onf ,ae@umv&mpk w0ufausmo f ufwrf;xd
jynfaxmifpv k nf;r[kwf wjynfaxmifvnf;r[kwyf J Orrnfpmrajrmufjzpfae=u&ygonf?
xko d @kd jzpfae&jcif;onf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ekid if aH &;tay: &d;k om;pGmawG;ac:em;vnfr/_
vkyfukdifwwfr_tay: ArmEkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;. vlvnfusr_a=umifhyifjzpfonf[k oHk;oyf
Ekid yf gonf?
r=umrDu jzpfay:cJah om &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfyt kH wGi;f rSmyif wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;. atmifyJG
ESi}hf uHK}udKufEidk o
f nfh tcGit
hf a&;ESiv hf cJG &hJ r_onf wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k twGuf 0rf;enf;zG,f
yifjzpfygonf? xkdodk@jzpf&jcif;rSm wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. awmfvSefa&;onf vlxkxJrSm
r&SId avm/ jynfoEl iS hf tquftpyfr&Sd r_a=umifah vm/ od@k r[kwf awmfveS af &; oabmw&m;ukd
em;rvnfIavm/ ajzqd&k rnfh ar;cGe;f rsm;um; rsm;pGm&Syd gonf? jy\em wckurkd nfo@kd rnfykH
udik w f , G &f rnf/ rnfo@kd rnfytkH oH;k cs&rnf qdo k nfudk wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; rod&cdS ahJ oma=umifh
yifjzpfonf[k 0efc=H u&rnfjzpfygonf? xk@d a=umifh atmifyu JG kd qH;k &H;_ cJ=h u&onf[k oH;k oyf=u
&rnfjzpfygonf?
1990 ck a&G;aumufyrJG mS vnf; +rdK@jywGif Ekid if aH &;t&&H;_ edrchf ahJ om ppftm%m&Sit f yk pf o
k nf
ppfa&;tiftm;&Sad eaom wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf ppfzuf,OS +f ydKif wku d cf u
dk yf gu &H;_ edrrhf nf
udo
k ad oma=umifh csucf si;f qko
d vkd (aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;/ typftcwf&yfpaJ &;) [k toHus,pf mG
atmf[pfvmygonf? wcgr#ray;cJzh ;l aom tcGit hf a&;rsm;udak y;+yD; wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
45
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
46
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
jrefrmEkid if o
H nf vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHEk iS hf pkaygi;f aexkid =f uaom Ekid if jH zpfaoma=umifh tajccHusaom
Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &mwGif vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H tv$mtm;vH;k yg0ifrr_ &Sb d J ajz&Si;f jcif;onf
tm;vH;k twGuf auseyfajyvnfru _ kd r&&SEd idk af =umif; oufaoajrmufrsm;pGm }uHKawG@c=hJ u+yD
jzpfonf? wzufwiG f vlwpkvrl sKd ;wcsKd @EiS hf oD;jcm;cGx J wk +f yD; ajz&Si;f Ivnf; +yD;jynfph rkH _ r&SEd idk f
a=umif;udv k nf; tawG@t}uKH rsm;t& oifcef;pm&&Scd =hJ u+y;D jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh tcsKyfq&dk v#if
jrefrmEkid if aH &;jy\emtm;ajz&Si;f &eftwGuf &d;k om;aomt&if;cHapwemonf ta&;}uD;qH;k
jzpf+y;D +y;D jynfph akH om ajyvnfru _ &kd &S&d eftwGuf vlrsKd ;pHt k v$mpHyk g0ifaom rsuEf mS pHn k pD um;0dik ;f rS
ndE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG; tajz&Sm=urSomv#if tm;vH;k auseyfrj_ zifh +y;D jynfph akH om ajyvnfrE_ iS hf wnfwef@
onf+h idr;f csr;f a&;udk &&SEd idk rf nfjzpfonf[k (ALP) rStjynft h 0,Hk =unfygonf?
4? rsuaf rSmufacwftwGuf aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;ta&;ygr?_
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;onf t&mcyford ;f twGuf r¾dKifozG,f
ta&;ygonfh t"dyg` ,u f edk m;vnfoabmaygucf =hJ uaom wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif tquf
qufrS nD!w G af &;twGuf }uKd ;yrf;vmcJah om vkyif ef;pOfw&yfyif jzpfonf? T vkyif ef;pOfonf
&moufyefta&;ygaomu¾wGif wnf&Sdaernf[k ,Hk=unf,lqonf? xkd@a=umifh rdrdwdk@
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; taejzifx h yd q
f ;kH wGif OD;pm;ay;+yD; vkyaf qmifae&rnfh vkyif ef;pOfw&yf
tjzpfvnf; oabmayguv f ufcH xm;&efvt dk yfygonf? xk@d a=umifh rdrw
d @kd wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm; tm;vH;k twGuf (wyfaygi;f pkjzifo h mv#if atmifyu JG &kd ,lrnf) [laomaºuG;a=umfoo H nf
rdrwd @kd vrl sKd ;pHjk ynforl sm;twGuf xku d w f efaomaºuG;a=umfoH jzpfonf?
rsuaf rSmufacwfppf0g'rD sm;onf rdrw d @kd .rwlnaD om jcm;em;csurf sm;ukd ydI k ydI
k uGjJ ym;
jcm;em;atmif aoG;cGt J yk pf ;kd vmcJo
h nf? teD;uyfq;kH oufaotjzpf (Cease-fire groups) rsm;.
tajctaersm;ukd avhvmaomtm;jziho f o d mEkid o f nf? (Divided and Rule Policy) udk
aumif;pGm usio fh ;kH Ekid o
f nf? vlrsKd ;wckcsi;f twGi;f wGi‚f if;/ tzG@J tpnf; wckcsi;f twGi;f wGi‚f if;/
tedrq hf ;kH tqifh rdom;pkwckcsi;f pD twGi;f wGi‚f if;/ tjyeftvSe, f =kH unfru_ if;rJah tmif oHo,
oGi;f +yD; tkypf ;kd xm;jcif; jzpfonf? xdk ay:vpDatmifjrifra_ =umifo h mv#if rdrw d @kd .nD!w G af &;
wnfaqmufru _ kd aESmifah ES;cufcaJ pjcif;jzpfonf? ppftyk pf o k nf aoG;cGaJ &;vky[f efEiS hf oHo,
zefw;D r_twwfynmydik ;f wGif wbufurf;cwfEidk o f nf [kq&kd rnfjzpfonf? xku d |r;f usirf u
_ kd
‚if;wd@k tm%mjzifw h nf+raJ tmif ,ae@widk q f yk u
f ikd x
f m;Ekid rf u
_ tcdik t f rm oufaojyaeygonf?
5? nD!w
G af &;t}uHjyKcsurf sm;?
rsuaf rSmufumv rdrw d @kd awmfveS af &;atmifyt JG wGuf ta&;}u;D qH;k jy\emonf nD!w G f
a&;jy\em yifjzpfonf? nD!w G af &;twGuf rwlnaD omuGjJ ym;jcm;em;csurf sm;xJrS wlnaD om
tcsut f vufrsm;udk &SmazG=u&rnfjzpfonf? Tod@k &SmazGEidk yf gu atmufygwn l aD om tcsuf
rsm;udk tajccH+yD;rsuaf rSmufacwf. yuwdjzpfymG ;aeaom wkid ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;
(Solidarity) udk wnfaqmufEidk v f rd rhf nf [kar#mv
f if,h =kH unfygonf?
47
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
(u) ppf0g'rD sm;. zdEydS t f yk pf ;kd r_'%fukd wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; tm;vH;k jyif;xefpmG cHpm;ae&onfh
wlnrD /_
(c) ppf0g't D yk pf ok nf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsLd ;rsm;tm;vH;k . bH&k efot l jzpfwn l rD /_
(*) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k ppf0g'w D @kd . zdEydS t
f yk pf ;kd r_atmufrS vGwaf jrmuf vkod nfh
qENwn l rD /_
(C) rdrwd @kd tcsi;f csi;f t=um; wef;wl&nfwEl iS hf tjyeftvSet f odtrSwjf yKr_/
(i) tjyeftvSef opPm&Srd /_ uwdwnfr/_ &d;k om;yGiv hf if;r_/ apwemrSeu f efr_
ponft h xufygtcsut f vufrsm;rSm rdrw d @kd twGuf ta&;}u;D aom aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;
(Solidarity) twGuf vufawG@wm0ef,t l aumiftxnfazmf=uolrsm;taejzifh tav;xm;
pOf;pm;oifhonfhtcsufrsm; jzpfonfhtcsufrsm;jzpfonf[k ,Hk=unf,lqyga=umif;t}uHjyK
wifjytyfygonf?
rsufarSmufurBmrSm 'Drkdua&pDjyXmef;csufrsm;ukdtckdiftrm}udK;pm;usifhoHk;aeonfh
EkdifiHaygif; (120) ausmf&Sdaeygonf? trSefwu,frSm 'Drkdua&pD.usihfpOftwGuf t"du
wGe;f tm;onf vlom;wkid ;f twGuf vGwv f yfpmG &yfwnfyidk cf iG o hf mjzpfygonf? xked nf;wl rdrw d @kd
Ekid if rH mS aexkid af e=uaom vlrsKd ;wkid ;f twGuv f nf; &&Scd pH m;xku d af om tcGit hf a&;rsm;jzpfyg
onf? TtcGit hf a&;udk rnforl #wm;jrpfyw d yf ifyidk cf iG hf r&So
d ifyh g? vlom;wkid ;f onf‚if;/ vlrsKd ;
om;wkid ;f onf‚if; rdrw d @dk .vGwvf yfciG u hf dk av;pm;jrwfE;dk wefz;dk xm;ouJo h @kd wyg;olvrl sKd ;rsm;
. tcGit hf a&;ukd wefb;dk xm;av;pm;a&;ESihf tjyeftvSet f odtrSwjf yKa&;onf tajccHtus
qH;k vkt d yfcsuyf ifjzpfonf? xkpd EH e_ ;f udk wefb;dk rxm;wwfaom ywf0ef;usiw f iG f nD!w G af &;udk
&Smv#if uE Wm&wGif prf;a&&SmouJhvkdom jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf? ta=umif;rSm vlrsdK;wkdif;.
zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufr_/ *k%foduQm&Sdr_/ pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_ESifh ta&;}uD;aom b0tmrcHcsufonf
vGwv f yfrt _ ay:wGif A[kjd yKaeaoma=umifh yifjzpfygonf?
6? ed*;kH csKyfwifjycsu?f
jrefrmhEidk if aH &;jy\emonf urBmay:wGif oufwrf;t&Snq f ;kH jy\emxJwiG f wcktyg
t0if jzpfygonf? oufwrf;&Sn=f umoavmuftawG@t}uHKt& a&S@raDS emufryDS *k Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;
vnf; wcsK@d wnf&adS e=uqJ jzpfygonf? uG,v f eG of mG ;+yD;jzpfaom acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. tawG@
t}uHKrsm;udk wqifah jymjycsurf sm;t&vnf; od&adS vhvmcGirhf w S qifh oifcef;pmaygi;f ajrmuf
rsm;pGmudk &&Sx d m;=u+yD;vnf;jzpfygonf? ,if;txJrS ynm&Sv d nf;owdrrl&cdS ahJ omf qko d nfh
pum;t& owdjyKoifah omtcsuw f ckukd axmufjyvkyd gonf? rdrw d @kd . OD;wnfcsut f m; rdrd
wd@k . pGr;f aqmifcsut f m;enf;r_&v
dS #if atmifyu JG rkd &&Ho
k m &SEd idk yf gonf? vH;k 0&H;_ edrrhf u
_ m; rjzpf
Ekid yf g?
48
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
ed'ge;f
vuf&jdS refrmEkid if . H jy\emonfa'giv f u kd f jzpfaom
jy\mem (Vertical problem) jzpfonf? tkyfcsKyfolppf
tm%m&Sirf sm;ESihf tkycf sKyfcjH ynforl sm;t=um; jzpfymG ;aeaom
jy\emjzpfonf? tkycf sKyfcjH ynforl sm; [kq&kd mwGif ArmvlrsKd ;
rsm;ESihf Armr[kwaf omwdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;[lI ESprf sKd ;cGjJ cm;
Edkifonf? ArmvlrsdK;rsm;.t"du jy\emrSm 'Drdkua&pDpepf
xGef;um;a&;ESifh vltcGifhta&;&&Sda&;twGuf awmif;qdkae
yl;xef,eJ f jcif;jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;taeESihfrl
txufaz: jyyg 'Dru kd a&pDpepfxeG ;f um;a&;ESihf vl@tcGit hf a&;
&&Sad &;tjyif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiEhf iS hf tjcm;tcGit
hf a&;rsm;&Sad &;twGuyf g
awmif;qdw k ukd yf 0JG if ae=ujcif;jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifjh refrmEdik if . H jy\emudck jJG crf;pdwjf zm&mwGif
jy\em. oabmobm0onf a'guv f ukd jf y\emjzpf+yD; wdik ;f &if;om;tkypf /k 'Dru kd a&pDtyk pf k
ESihf ppftm%m&Sit f yk pf [
k I
l t"dutm;jzifh tkypf o k ;kH ck &Sad e=uonfukd awG@&&dS onf?
rdrw d @kd .&nfreS ;f csurf sm; &&SEd idk af &;twGuf (od@k ) ,ckawG@}uKH ae&aom jy\emudk ajz&Si;f &m
wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk;taejzifh vufcHoabmwlxm;aom r[mAsL[mrSm
“oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;” jzpfonf? oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif; [kq&kd mYtxufwiG f
az: jycJo h nfh t"dutkypf rk sm;jzpf=uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;/ 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyJG
tEdkif&ygwDrsm;ESifh ppftkyfpkwdk@awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jcif;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? ppftkyfpktaejzifh
zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpw k nfaqmuf&mwGiaf omf‚if;/ oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yGJ twGuaf omf
‚if;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;t=um;wuGw J jym;jzpfaejcif;udk tcuftcJwcktjzpf wpdu k rf wf
rwf ajymqdck o hJ nf? xd@k tjyif tcsKd @twdu k tf cH 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;rSaomf‚if;/ tcsKd @aom
EdkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;rSaomf‚if;/ ceJ@aomavoHjzifh arcGef;xkwf
axmufjyonfrmS tu,fI oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yGjJ zpfygu wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; ud, k pf m;jyK
jcif;udpu P kd jy\emw&yftjzpf axmufjycJ=h uonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; ud, k pf m;jyKjcif;
udpPESifh ywfoufIwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; t=um;uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtjrifrsm; &Sdae=uqJ
jzpfonf? TuJo h kd tjrifoabmxm;rsm; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;r_&adS vav etztkypf k axmufjyaom
jy\emudkaxmufcHouJhodk@ jzpfavavjzpfcJh&onf[k qdkEdkifonf? wenf;tm;jzifhqdkygu
wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;. tm;enf;csuaf y:vGiaf vav jzpfc&hJ onf?
49
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH}u;D u jrefrmEdik if . H jy\emudak jz&Si;f Edik &f ef “oH;k yGiq hf ikd f
aqG;aEG;yG”J jyKvky&f efawmif;qdck o hJ nf? ,if;awmif;qdck suo f nf Edik if aH &;jy\emudk +idr;f csr;f pGm
ajz&Sif;aomenf;vrf;wcktjzpf wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;uvnf; axmufcHcJh=uonf?
urBm@uv k or*~.awmifqckd sujf zpfaom “oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yG”J ud=k unfyh gu wdik ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k taejzifh tkypf w k cktjzpf aqG;aEG;yGw J iG yf g0if&efjzpfonf? xdak =umifh wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;taejzifh tiftm;pkwcktjzpf (od@k ) toHwckwnf; xGuq f Ekd ikd &f eftwGuf pkpnf;
&efvt kd yfonf? oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yGwJ iG w
f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;udk tkypf w k pktjzpf xm;&jcif;rSm
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; awmif;qdak eaom tcGiahf &;wlnaD ejcif;a=umifh jzpfonf? wenf;qd&k
aomf wdik &f if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;taejzifw h n l aD om tcGit hf a&;&S&d rnf jzpfonf? xdak =umifh
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;ta&;udk +cKH IwifjyaqG;aEG;ta&;qdEk ikd &f ef wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; ud, k pf m;
jyKtzGJ@tpnf; (Body or Network) wckckjyKvkyf&efvdktyf+yD jzpfonf? ,if;uJhodkaom
tzG@J tpnf;r&Syd gu wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;taejzifh oH;k yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yGJ twGut f qifoifh
rjzpfao;[kajymqd&k vdrrhf nf jzpfonf?
50
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
wdik ;f &if;om;ta&;udpu
P kd "Approach in Holistic Manner" jzifch sO;f uyf&ef ta&;w}uD;
vdt k yfvm+yDjzpfonf?
1988 ckEpS f 'Dru dk a&pDvx l t
k ºHk uGra_ emufyidk ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ukd ok;H oyf
ygu r,foa&mxm oabmwlncD suo f nf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. }uD;rm;aom atmifjrifr_
w&yftjzpf ordik ;f wGiaf rmfueG ;f wifurŠn;f xd;k &rnfjzpfonf? twku d t f cH 'Drudk a&pDtiftm;pk
rsm;omru EdkifiHwumtokdif;t0dkif;. todtrSwfjyKcsD;usL;jcif;ukdvnf; cHcJh&onf?
“r,foa&mxmoabmwlncD su”f jyKvkyjf cif;jzifh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;taejzifh “wlnaD om
tajccHr”l &S+d yD; pkpnf;Ekid cf +hJ yDjzpfa=umif; urBmukjd yoEkid cf o hJ jzifh todtrSwjf yK cs;D usL;cJ=h ujcif;
jzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif ToabmwlncD su. f tajccHral tmufY wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vk;H tae
jzifh yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;tm;jzifh taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&u G rf nft
h zG@J tpnf; (Body)
owfowfrw S rf w
S f r&Scd ahJ cs?
vuf&Sdwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_ESifhywfoufI wifjy&aomf tm;vkH;ukd
v$r;f +cKH Ekid af om enf;AsL[mESihf vkyif ef;pOfr&Scd jhJ cif;ukd awG@&&dS onf? tcsK@d tzG@J tpnf;rsm;taejzifh
typftcwf&yfpaJ &; jyKvky+f yD;Ekid if jHh y\emukd csn;f uyf&ef}udK;yrf; cJ=h uonf? tcsK@d vufeuf
ukid t f zG@J tpnf;wk@d taejzifh qufvufwu dk yf 0JG ifae=ujcif; jzpfonf? tcsK@d typftcwf&yftzG@J
tpnf;rsm;taejzifh EdkifiHa&;ukd pdwf0ifpm;jcif;r&SdawmhyJ rdrdukd,fusKd;pD;yGm;twGufom
tm;oefae=uonfudk awG@&onf? tcsK@d typftcwf&yftzG@J tpnf;rsm;rSm awG@qaHk qG;aEG;yGJ
jyKvky&f efzt d m;ay; }udK;yrf;jcif;xuf typftcwf&yfprJ w _ nf+rJa&;uko
d m OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u G f
=uonf? qufvufwu dk yf 0GJ ifae=uaom tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGiv f nf; tcuftcJrsK;d pk}H uHKawG@ae
&+yD; tcsKd@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSmvnf;ab;usyfeHusyf tajctaeokd@ a&muf&Sdae+yDjzpfonf?
Tok@d aomtajcaewGif rdrw d @dk O;D wnfomG ;&rnfh vrf;a=umif;ESihf ywfoufIZa0Z0g jzpfae=u
onf? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;uko d ;Hk oyf=unfyh gu tcsK@d ygwrD sm;taejzifh UNLD wGif pkpnf;oa,mif
a,mif/ tcsK@d taejzifh UNA wGipf pk nf;oa,mifa,mif/ tcsK@d taejzifh NLD ESihf yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G jf cif;ukd OD;pm;ay;+yD; CRPP wGif wufºuGpmG yg0if oa,mifa,mifjzifh wdusaom
pkpnf;r_ r&So d nfuadk wG@&dS &onf? +cHKIqk&d aomf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ta&;ukd aqmif&u G f
Ekid &f ef oD;jcm;enf;AsL[mvkyif ef;pOfrsm;r&Syd J rdrw d @dk .tzG@J tpnf;ygwt D usK;d pD;yGm;ESihf wuk, d f
aumif;qefaomenf;pepf (Individual and self-interest) YykI d tm&kpH u dk af e=uonf[k
qkEd idk rf nfjzpfonf ? tusK;d quftaejzifh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; t=um;em;vnfr_ uGv J jJG cif;
ukjd zpfap+yD; tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f rSmyif jy\emjzpfapcJo h nfudk awG@&&dS onf?
2001 ckESpfwGifusif;yaom 'kwd,t}udrfwkdif;&if;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsKd;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;ESifh ylaygif;aqmif&Gufa&;aumfrwD ENSCC ukdzGJ@pnf;EdkifcJh=uonf?
ENSCC vkyyf idk cf iG ahf y;jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI ok;H oyf&rnfqv
dk #if yxrtaejzifh ES;D aESmzvS,yf tJG
aejzifvh yk yf idk cf iG o
hf wfrw
S &f mwGif "Scope of Lobby" ukd &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;azmfjy aqG;aEG;r_
r&Sdjcif;/ ENSCC ESifhygwDrsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;t=um;aygif;ul;qufoG,frnfh "Working
51
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
Procedures and Guidelines" r&Sjd cif; paomtm;enf;csurf sm; awG@&&dS onf? ok@d aomf
rnfo@dk yif tm;enf;csu&f adS pumrl ENSCC zG@J pnf;v_y&f mS ;cJrh a_ =umifh Edik if w
H um tokid ;f t0kid ;f
taejzifh jrefrmekdifiH.jy\emrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm&mwGif wkdif;&if;tm;tiftm;pkrsm;
yg0ifa&; (Vital) onf toufwr#ta&;}uD;+yD; rjzpfrae (Compulsory) yg0if&rnf[I l
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. tcef;u¾ (Role of Ethnic) ukd av;pm;todtrSwjf yKccH &hJ onf[k
qkvd #irf mS ;vdrrhf nfr[kwaf y? azmfjyygatmifjrifrr_ sm;udk =unfjh cif;tm;jzifh ENSCC ukd jyefvnf
rGr;f rHz@JG pnf;jcif; (Re-orientation) ok@d r[kwf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; uk,
d pf m;jyK tzG@J tpnf;
(Body) wckcjk yKvky&f efta&;w}uD;vkt d yfae+yD jzpfonf?
wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w
G rf w
_ nfaqufEidk af &;twGuf t}uHjyKcsuf
txufaz: jyyg rdrw d ‹dk .avhvmawG‹&dS ok;H oyfcsurf sm;ukd =unfjh cif;tm;jzifh rdrw d ‹dk widk ;f &if;
om;vlrsdK;rsm;taejzifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ vufeufukdiftzGJ‹tpnf;rsm;ukd v$rf;+cHKEkdifaom
wkid ;f &if;om;uk,d pf m;jyKtzG@J tpnf; (Body) wckcjk yKvkyaf &;rSm rjzpfraejyKvky&f rnfh ta&;
w}uD; vkt d yfcsujf zpfonf[k ok;H oyfonfEiS t hf nD Tok‹d aom tzG‹J tpnf; (Body) ok‹d r[kwf
vkyif ef;,E &W m; (Work Mechanism) ay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf csi;f trsKd ;om;wyfO;D . tjrifudk
wifjyrnf jzpfonf? Tok‹d jyKvkyrf o S m wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H vGr;f +cHKEkid af om/ wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&twGuf tcsw d tf quf&&dS dS vkyaf qmifEidk &f ef vkt
d yfaom enf;AsL[mrsm;
vkyif ef;pOfrsm;ukcd srw
S f Ekid jf zpfonf?
bkt
H usK;d pD;yGm;ukd az:xkwjf cif; (Identifying common Interests)
bkt H usK;d pD;yGm;&Srd o
S m oD;jcm;&yfwnfae=uaom ygwrD sm;tzG‹J tpnf;rsm; taejzifh pkpnf;
=uonfh tpOftvm&Scd o Jh nf? bkt H usK;d pD;yGm;&Srd o
S m “pkpnf;r_” jyKvkyEf idk =f uonf? ,ae‹
&ke;f uefwu dk yf 0JG if v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;taejzifh bkt H usK;d pD;yGm;&Sad eonfrmS
jiif;y,fIr&aomtcsujf zpfonf? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. bkt H usK;d pD;yGm;ESihf ywfoufI
&Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; az:xkww f ifjyr_ r&Sod nfudk awG@&&dS onf? Ekid if w H umOya' [kac:qkEd idk af om
vlenf;pkvrl sK;d rsm;. tcGit hf a&;a=ujimpmwrf;yg tcGit hf a&;rsm;onf rdrw d @dk wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsK;d rsm; ajymqkad eaomtcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd vGr;f +cHKEkid jf cif; r&Sad cs? xk‹d a=umifh rdrw d ‹dk qkvd adk om
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;ukd &Si;f vif;wduspmG az:xkwjf yKpk+y;D tm;vk;H oabmwlnrD _
&&So d nftxd ndE‡ id_ ;f wkid yf if&rnfjzpfonf? TuJo h @dk bkt H usK;d pD;yGm;ukd &Si;f vif;pGm az:xkwEf idk f
rSom ,if;tusK;d pDymG ;rsm; &&SEd idk af &;twGuf enf;vrf;&SmazGjcif;jzifh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;pk
pnf;Ekid rf nfjzpfonf?
52
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
pkpnf;r_wnfaqmuf&mwGiv
f t
dk yfaom pdwaf eoabmxm;
(Attitude on Building Solidarity)
53
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
3;4? u&ifet
D rsKd ;om;wd;k wufa&;ygwD KNPP .tjrifEiS o
hf abmxm;pmwrf;
e,fcs@J t*Fvyd w
f @kd jrefrmjynfukd tkycf sKyfpOfu wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsL;d rsm;aexdik o f nfh awmifwef;a'owGif rdrw d @kd &;dk &mpOf
vm acgi;f aqmifrsm;rSwqifh tkycf sKycf yhJ gonf? ArmvlrsK;d trsm;
pkaexdik af om ajrjyef@a'owGirf l t*Fvyd w f @kd u wdu
k &f u dk t f yk f
csKyfcyhJ gonf? od@k jzpfaoma=umifah wmifwef;a'owGif aexdik f
aomwdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;rSm tkycf sKyfa&;bufY ydrk v kd w G v f yf
aomfvnf; ynma&;/ Edik if aH &;ESihf tawG@t}uKH A[kow k bufrmS
ajrjyef@a'owGif aexdik =f uonfh ArmvlrsKd ;xufrsm;pGm acwf
aemufuscJhygonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl awmifwef;a'o
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;wd@k onf jrefrmjynftwGuf t*Fvyd w f @kd
clO;D &,f xHrS vGwv f yfa&; awmif;qdw k u kd yf 0JG ifaomtcg ajrjyef@a'o&Sd
ArmvlrsK;d rsm;ESithf wl yl;aygi;f wduk yf 0JG ifc=hJ uonf? xdak =umifah wmifwef;a'o acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf
ajrjyef@a'oacgi;f aqmifrsm;wd@k onf ouU&mZf 1947 ckEpS f azaz:0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f
&Sr;f jynfawmifyikd ;f yifv+kH rdK@Y nDvmcHw&yfjyKvkyf usi;f y+yD; awmifwef;a'oESihf ajrjyef@a'o
wdk@w+ydKifwnf;vGwfvyfa&;,lrnf? jrefrmjynftwGuf vGwfvyfa&;&,l+yD; jrefrmjynfudk
z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpk xlaxmifrnf[k oabmwl vufrw S af &;xd;k cJ=h uygonf?
ouU&mZf 1947 ckESpf {+yDvaESmif;ydkif;wGif vGwfvyfrnfhjrefrmjynftwGuf Oya'jyK
vGwaf wmftrwfrsm;a&G;aumufyw JG &yfukd zqyvu OD;aqmif+y;D ajrjyef@a'owGif usi;f yjyKvyk f
cJo
h nf? Oya'jyKvw$ af wmftrwfaygi;f (255) ae&myg0ifco hJ nf? ‚if;trwf ae&mrsm;wGif (210)
ae&mrSm ajrjyef@a'otwGuf/ (24) ae&mrSm u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;twGuf/ (4) ae&mrSm
t*Fvyd b f m;rm;twGuf ESihf (17) ae&mrSm &Sr;f / csi;f / ucsit f wGuf &Hxm;cJo h nf? a&G;aumufyJG
wGif zqyvtrwfaygi;f (248)OD; tEkid &f &Scd o hJ nf[k zqyv qd. k ? Oya'jyKv$waf wmf tpnf;
ta0;udk ouU&mZf 1947ckEpS f ZGev f (9) &ufwiG f pwifusi;f yjyKvkycf o hJ nf? zqyv taejzifh
u&ifejD ynftwGuf v$waf wmftrwf (2) ae&mvsmxm;ay;aomfvnf; u&ifejD ynf taejzifh
vGwv f yfaomjynfwjynf jzpfco hJ nft h wGuf v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;od@k uk, d pf m;vS,f vH;k 0
rapvGwcf ahJ y? v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif ajrjyef@rv S w $ af wmftrwfrsm; trsm;pkjzpfonf
uwa=umif;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd tmrcHay;cJo h nfh Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;vky}f uHc&H onf
uwa=umif; xd@k a=umifh Oya'a&;qG+J yD;onft h cg jrefrmjynfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifppk epf
r[kwaf wmhyJ vufawG@rmS wjynfaxmifpepf jzpfcyhJ gonf?
jrefrmjynftaejzifh 1948 ckEpS f ZEM0g&v
D (4) &ufae@rmS t*Fvyd tf pd;k &xHrS vGwv
f yfa&;
&&Scd o
hJ nf? vGwv f yfa&;&&S+d yD;onft
h csed w
f iG f zqyvu tpd;k & jzpfvmcJo
h nf? vGwv f yfa&;
54
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
T jy\emESpcf u k kd ajz&Si;f &mwGif 'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G tpnf;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm; yl;aygi;f
ajz&Sif;oifha=umif;? ta=umif;rSm ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDr&Sdv#if wdkif;&if;om;ta&;udk
atmifjrifpmG rajz&Si;f Edik af =umif; KNPP rS&j_ rifygonf? jrefrmjynfukd tkycf sKyfaeaom Arm
tpd;k &tqufqufukd vufeufuikd af wmfveS af e=uaom wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;tm;vk;H wk@d
onf aoG;pnf;!Gwrf _ wnfaqmufEidk &f eftwGuf t}urd }f urd f }uKd ;yrf;cJ=h uonf? Tod@k }uKd ;yrf;
r_a=umifh 1976 ckEpS f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (r'w) udk wnfaqmufEikd cf =hJ uonf?
Twyfaygi;f pk}u;D wGi&f dS jynfov l x
l wk @kd ryg0ifcahJ y? T wyfaygi;f pkwiG f yg0ifaom vufeufpu JG ikd f
wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;wdk@rSmvnf; rdrdwdk@tzGJ@tpnf; udk,fydkifrl0g'vrf;pOf &Sd=uonf?
xd@k a=umifyh ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G &f mwGif wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vk;H tusK;d xuf rdrw d @kd .
tzG@J tpnf;. tusK;d udOk ;D pm;ay;cJo h nf? xd@k a=umifh yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf _ tm;enf;onf[q k &kd
ayrnf?
Oyrm —
(1) r'w wyfaygi;f pkwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufomG ;&ef Edik if aH &; OD;wnfcsuf
csrSwfxm;aomfvnf; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkudk taumifxnfazmf&ef tajccHOya'
rl=urf;a&;qGJjcif;/ zuf'&,f. oabmxm;udk jynfolvlxktm;csjyjcif; ponfwkd@udk
raqmif&u G Ef ikd cf ahJ y?
(2) EdkifiHwumESifh qufoG,fa&;rSmvnf; wdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH;xuf rdrdtzGJ@tpnf;.
tusK;d udk OD;pm;ay;cJo h nf?
(3) wcsK@d aom wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf rdr. d wdik ;f &if;om;ta&;udk arhavsm+h yD; 'Drkd
ua&pD ta&;udo k m OD;pm;ay;cJo
h nf?
(4) wcsK@d aom wdik ;f &if;om;tzJ@G rsm;rSm e0wrScsay;aompD;yGm;a&; tcGit hf a&;udk OD;pm;ay;
+yD; e0wESihf typfcwf&yfpaJ &; jyKvkycf o hJ nf?
xdk ah =umifh r'wwyfaygi;f pk}uD;onf tm;enf;vmcJ&h jcif; jzpfonf? wzef 1997 ckEpS f
Zefe0g&v
D wGif r,foa&mxmY wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG &yf jyKvkyuf si;f y+yD;
Zefe0g&vD (14) &ufae@wiG f oabmwlncD suf (10) csuyf gaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;.
oabmwlncD suw f &yfukd csrw
S cf o
hJ nf? od@k aomf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G +f y;D taumiftxnfazmf&ef
tm;enf;aejcif;a=umifh T oabmwlncD surf sm;onfvnf; xda&mufpmG taumiftxnf
ay:rvmcJah y? xdak =umifh KNPP taejzifh wdik ;f &ifom;trsK;d om;rsm;aoG;pnfn! D w
G rf _ wnf
aqmuf&mwGif pepfwus yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf o
_ nf txl;vkt d yfa=umif; &_jrifygonf?
wzef wdik ;f &if;om;trsK;d om;rsm;wd@k onf etztm; qufvuf+yD; vufeufuikd af wmfveS f
aom wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf etzESihf typfcwf&yfpaJ om wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;
ESihf jynfwiG ;f &Sw
d ikd ;f &if;om;rsm;/ Ekid if aH &;ygwtD zG@J tpnf;rsm;yg0ifaom wkid ;f &if;om;aygi;f pkH
ES;D aESmzvS,yf wJG &yfukd avmfc;D vm Y 2001 ckEpS f =o*kwv f (28) rS (30) &ufae@xd usi;f yjyKvkyf
cJjh yefonf? T ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG iG f wdik ;f &if;om;trsK;d om;rsm; aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
aqmif&u G af &;aumfrwD ENSCC w&yfukd zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? T aumifrwDtm; urBmu h v k or*~
rS csrwS af y;aom ok;H yGiq hf ikd af qG;aEG;yGuJ kd taumiftxnfaz:&eftwGuf Edik if w H umxGu+f yD;
Lobby jyKvky&f efEiS hf yifvpHk w d "f gwjf zifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k pf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;udk
taumiftxnfaz:&ef wm0efay;tyfco hJ nf? xdo k @kd aom wm0efaqmif&u G &f mwGif wm0ef
aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf (Mandate) twdik ;f twmudw k ud spmG csrw S af y;rxm;cJo h nftwGuf aumfrwD
taejzifh wm0ef,al qmif&u G &f mwGif tcsK@d aomwdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;. vdt k ifqENEiS hf udu
k f
nDr_ r&Scd ahJ y? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap TaumfrwDukd ,ckusi;f yjyKvkyaf eaom ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG S zsuf
odr;f Edik o
f nf? qufvufxm;&SEd ikd o f nf xyfrw H ;kd cs@J Edik af yonf? tu,fI TaumfrwDukd
qufvuf xm;&Scd ahJ omf odrhk [kwx f yfrw H ;kd cs@J cahJ omf vkyif ef;wm0efEiS hf vkyyf ikd cf iG thf wdik ;f twmudk
wdwu d sus csrw S o f mG ;ay;&ef vkt d yfa=umif; KNPP taejzifh &_jrifygonf?
,cktcg wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wd@k onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k pfwnf aqmuf
oGm;&efq;Hk jzwf=uonf? xkd z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpo k pf taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&u G &f mwGif
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G af &;vkyif ef;onf tcsed f
twdik ;f twm wckyg0ifz@dk vkt d yfaeao;onf? xdk tcsed t f wdik ;f twmrSm zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wnfaqmufEdkif+yD; txufv$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;Edkifum txufv$wfawmfwGif wdkif;&if;om;
jynfe,frsm;rS jynfolvlxkwdk@a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaom txufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;
txufvw $ af wmfwiG f wm0ef,El ikd o
f nftxd jzpfonf[k KNPP rS&j_ rifygonf? Ò
u&ifet
D rsKd ;om;wk;d wufa&;ygwD (KNPP)
&ckid jf ynfvw
G af jrmufa&;ygwD (ALP)
57
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
vlrsK;d rsm;t=um;rSm jzpfjzpf/ jynforl sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; wrsK;d ESiw
hf rsK;d =um;rSmjzpfjzpf/
enf;rsK;d pHek @J +zdKcGjJ cif;udk cHae&w,f? jrefrmjynf[m wzufu=unf&h if tpdwpf w d f cGjJ cm;+zdKcGcJ H
ae&w,f? 'gawG[m vlrsK;d }uD;0g'eJ@ ppftm%m&Si}f uD;pd;k r_ qef@usiaf &;[m tvGet f a&;}uD;
ygw,f?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vk;H t=um;rSm tjyeftvSeaf v;pm; todtrSwjf yKr_/ wOD;&Jh
tajccHtcGit hf a&;udk wOD;uav;pm;r_/ wOD;udw k OD;em;vnfr/_ wOD;udw k OD; &kid ;f yif;ulnrD /_
wOD;eJ@wOD; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf /_ tusK;d wl yl;aygi;f aexdik rf _ vrf;a=umif;twdik ;f trsK;d om;
pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_eJ@ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk &kyfvHk;azmfoGm;&r,f? ppfrSefwJh
'Drdkua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;qdkwJh EdkifiHa&; OD;wnfcsufatmufrSm
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;&Jh pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmufomG ;=urnfjzpfygw,f?
tcsKyftm;jzifh vuf&w dS ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;&Jh ES;D aESmzvS,yf }JG uD;uwqifh xl;jcm;ta&;
ygwhJ atmifjrifrr_ sm;udk &,lEikd zf @kd }udK;pm;&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyvdu k yf gw,f? Ò
xk@d a=umifh r[m&efopl pftm%mawG[m wdik ;f &if;om;tcsi;f csi;f aoG;cG+J yD; tkycf sKyf&ef
}uKd ;pm;aepOf u|Eyfk wf @dk wikd ;f &if;om;zufrv
S nf; pnf;vk;H nD!wG rf _ r+yKd uaJG tmif rlv&yfwnfcsuf
jzpfaom wdik ;f &if;om;tcGit hf a&; tjynft
h 0&&Sad &;/ vl@tcGithf a&;jynh0f aom 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sd
a&;/ ppfreS af omzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ay:ayguEf idk af &;twGuf uspv f pfcikd rf maom wdik ;f &if;om;
pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf o
_ nf txl;vkt d yfaeonf? Ò
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
61
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
u|Eyfk w f @kd Eikd if &H dS vlrsKd ;a&;qdik &f m tcGit hf a&;rsm; epfemqH;k &H;_ ae&aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;wGif Edik if aH &;tajccHtm;jzifh tkypf o k ;kH ck&ydS gonf// ‚if;wd@k rmS —
(1) 1990 ckEpS af &G;aumufy0JG iftiftm;pk
(2) ppftpd;k &ESihf typftcwf&yfpx J m;aomtiftm;pkEiS hf
(3) vufeufuikd f wdu k yf 0JG ifaeqJtiftm;pkw@kd jzpfonf//
u|Eykf wf @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. epfemqH;k &H;_ ae&aom tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk &&SEd ikd &f efrmS
uspv
f pfcikd rf maom pnf;vH;k nD!w G Ef iS hf yl;aygi;f &ke;f uefwukd yf 0JG ifr_ r&Syd J ud,
k ehf nf;ud,
k [
hf efjzifh
om v_y&f mS ;wdu k yf 0JG ifaev#if &Edik rf nfr[kwaf y// xdx k ufru a&&Sn&f yfwnf&efyif vG,u f rl nf
r[kwo f nfukd wdik ;f &if;om;trsm;pkw@kd em;vnf=uygonf// xd@k a=umifh wyfaygi;f pkrsm; wck+yD;
wck }udK;yrf;zG@J pnf; wnfaqmufvmcJ=h uonfrmS ,ckqv kd #if w'gZif ausm+f yDjzpfygonf?
wyfaygi;f pkrsm;txJwiG f (r'w) wyfaygi;f pkonf oufwrf;t&Snq f ;kH jzpf+yD; ,ckqv
kd #if
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f svm
aeygonf// Todk@jzpfae&jcif;. ta=umif;&if;rsm;pGmxJwGif “wyfaygif;pkjzifhomatmifyGJ
&&SEd ikd rf nf” qdo
k nfurkd &_jrif rav;eufI rdrw d @kd qdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;ta&;udo k m tav;xm;
cJjh cif;onf t"dutusq;kH aom tcsujf zpfonf[k jrifonf// T tjrifoabmxm;udk ajymif;
vJypf&efvkd tyfonf//
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d @kd xuf ydrk t
kd m;}uD;+yD; wckwnf;aom trde@f ay;r_atmuf
wGif &Sad oma=umifh rdrw d @kd xuf pkpnf;nD!w G rf _ yd&k ydS gonf// xd@k a=umifh rdrw
d @kd . tcGit hf a&;rsm;
udk wzJ@G wygw/D vlwrsKd ;wnf;jzifh &,l&ef rjzpfEikd af =umif;udk xdyw f ef;acgi;f aqmifrsm;tjyif
tzG@J 0iftrsm;pkuyg av;eufpmG em;vnfxm;=u&ef vdo k nf// u|Eykf wf @kd onf wyfaygi;f pkta&;
xuf rdrw d @kd qikd &f mtzG@J tpnf;ta&;udo k m tav;xm;rd=u&mu nD!w G rf y_ sujf ym;+yD; u|ef
ouf&n S af e=u&jcif; jzpfonf//
,cktcgwiG f rwlujJG ym;aeaom taetxm;rsKd ;wGif &Sad eaoma=umifh tm;vH;k udk wyf
aygi;f pktoGif pkpnf;I r&Edik yf g// txufaz: jyyg tkypf w
k t
l vdu
k af omf‚if;/ vlrsK;d wl/ e,fajrjcif;
eD;uyf qufpyforl sm; aomf‚if; wyfaygi;f pktoGijf zifh pkpnf;I&Edik yf gonf?
vufawG@ tajcaewGif wlnaD omtkypf w k cktwGi;f rSmyifv#if rlv&yfwnfcsurf sm; tay:
cdik cf ikd rf mrm&yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;wdu
k yf 0JG ifaeaom tzG@J rsm;ESihf tawG;tac:tjrifrsm; awGa0,dr;f
,dik af eaom tzG@J rsm; [lI &Syd gonf// xd@k a=umifh tvkyjf zpfEikd &f eftwGuf cdik rf maom tzG@J rsm;
tcsi;f csi;f pkpnf;a&;udk t"duxm;I nD!w G rf u
_ kd OD;pGmwnfaqmuf&efvo kd nf? xdo
k @kd pkpnf;
+yD;aemuf awGa0aomtzG@J rsm;udk pnf;&H;k wGaJ c: Edifk o f avmuf pnf;&H;k wGaJ c:oGm;&rnf?
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
xdo
k @kd pkpnf;yl;aygi;f rdonft h cg txufacgi;f aqmif od@k r[kwf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; tcsi;f csi;f
ompkpnf;nD!w G jf cif;rsKd ;r[kwbf J atmufajctqifyh g nD!w G pf k pnf;Edik &f ef vkyaf qmif&rnf?
wyfaygi;f pktay: tjrifav;euf&ef oD;oef@Eikd if aH &; oifwef;rsm; zGiv hf pS af y;&ef vdt k yfonf?
wlnaD omtkypf §k qufpyfaeaomtkypf t k vku
d f nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmuf+yD;ygu tkypf k
rsm;tcsi;f csi;f qufpyfppk nf;Edik &f ef wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k wGif wlnaD om tajccH&nfreS ;f csuf
(Oyrm — trsdK;om;wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&&Sda&;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnf
aqmufa&;) ud&k mS +yD; ‚if;tay: tm;vk;H rS &yfwnfwu kd yf 0JG ifomG ;a&;udk csrwS v f yk af qmif=u
&efvokd nf? qdv k o
kd nfrmS wdu
k yf eJG nf;em rwlnaD omfvnf; OD;wnfrw _ iG f wln=D u&ef jzpfonf?
tzdESdyfcH wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwdk@wnf&Sdaeaom tpdwf
tydik ;f xufukd ausmv f eG +f yD; wpHv k ;kH aom taetxm;udk &_jrif=u&efvo kd nf? wzufwiG f &Edik f
onfh enf;vrf;jzifn h E‡d i_d ;f =u+y;D rnfonft h csed u f mv tajctaersKd ;wGif rnfonfw h u
kd yf eJG nf;em
udk t"duxm;&rnf? rnfonfeh nf;emudk tultiftm;tjzpfxm;rnf qdo k nfukd csrwS x f m;+y;D
[efcsun f D wdu
k yf 0JG ifomG ;Edik af &;ESihf tzG@J wikd ;f us&mtc%f;rS rdrw
d m0efukd ausyeG af tmifxrf;
aqmifa&;udk ndE‡ i_d ;f az:aqmifEikd yf gu aumif;rGeaf om pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk &&Sv
d mygvrd rhf nf?
,ae@ Edik if aH &;tajctaeonf ajymif;vJrj_ refqefaeaoma=umifh tcsed rf v D yk if ef;pOfrsm;
ndE‡ i_d ;f csrwS Ef ikd &f ef jrefjrefqefqef awG@qn
kH E‡d i_d ;f Edik af om tm;vH;k udk ud,
k pf m;jyKonfh tzG@J tpnf;
wckcu k kd zG@J pnf;xm;&S&d ef vdt k yfayonf//
txufaz: jyyg tcsurf sm;twdifk ;f az:aqmifEikd yf gu tajctaeESihf oifah wmfuu kd n
f D
rnfh uspv
f pfcikd rf maom wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;udk &&Sv
d mrnfjzpfyga=umif; t}uHjyK
wifjyygonf? Ò
63
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
yavmifjynfe,fvw
G af jrmufa&;wyfO;D (PSLF)
68
tcef; (4)
4;1? jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)
UNLD(LA) rStjrifEi So
hf abmxm;pmwrf;
71
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
72
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
73
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
2? 1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH twnfjyKa&;twGuf OD;csex f eG ;f u &Si;f vif;&mrSm Adv k cf sKyfatmif
qef; csay;xm;onfh “rl” twdik ;f qd&k if vltiftm;trsm;}uD;vdrk nf? aiGvnf;trsm;
}uD;ukerf nf? ppf'g%af =umifh wdik ;f jynfqif;&J aeao;w,f? zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyjkH yif&eftc%f;
(11) rSmjyifqifciG yhf g&jdS yD; tc%f; (10) rSm cGx J u
G cf iG hf yg&w
dS ,f? zG@J pnf;yHt k wnfrjyK&if
vGwfvyfa&;r&Edkif[k &Sif;jy&m wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u wdkif;jynfqif;&J&mrSm
rSeaf =umif;/ (10) ESpjf ynfv h #if cGx
J u
G cf iG &hf w
dS mbJ? nDtpfuckd si;f rd@k zG@J pnf;yHjk yifqif&ef ig;rl;wyJ
aps;qpfrnfr[kwf tcsed rf a&G; jyifqifEikd w f mbJv@kd zqyv tay: ,H=k unfrt _ jynf&h cdS hJ
w,f? 'gayrJh zGJ@pnf;yHkjyifqif&ef wifjywdkif; zqyvnD!GwfaewJhtcsdef ta=umif;
trsdK;rsdK;jy+yD; tcdsefqGJ&kHru jynfe,frsm; twGif;ajcukwf,lEdkifbdk@twGuf ppfwyfudk
twif;csxm;w,f? jynfe,ftwGi;f tkycf sKyfa&;txd 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;vkyv f mcJh
w,f? 47 zG@J pnf;yHtk yk cf sKyfykH tajccHOya'udk vufwvH;k jcm; vkyv f u kd w
f mudk cHc=hJ u&w,f?
3? zqyv tzG@J csKyf OD;Ek/ OD;ausm+f idr;f oef@&iS ;f zqyv ESihf wnf+rJ zqyv uG=J u+yD;aemuf
ydik ;f rSm OD;Ekuae+yD;awmh ,dr;f ,dik af ewJh wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; jyefvnfwnf
aqmufz@kd vdw k ,f? 'gah =umifh zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya' jyifqifciG Ehf iS hf w&m;a&;Ïmeudyk g
wygwnf;csay;xm;w,f? 'gayrJh 1962 ck rwfv (2) &ufae@rmS jrefrmEdik if H wdik ;f &if;
om;aygi;f pHk ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f yaepOf tm%mirf;irf;wufwuf+y;D vlrsKd ;}u;D 0g'pGu J ikd u
f m
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;udk trsdK;jzKwfvdkwJh Adkvfae0if;ppftkyfpku wdkif;jynf&Jh
tm%mudk odr;f ,l+y;D wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vH;k udv k nf; zrf;qD;axmifcscw hJ ,f?
axmifxJwGifyif trsm;tjym; aoqHk;oGm;cJhw,f? 'guawmh wAdkvfwuf wAdkvfus
wdik ;f &if;om;tay: tEdik u f siw hf v hJ yk &f yfv@kd oH;k oyfEikd yf gw,f?
4? Adv
k af e0if;tm%modr;f pOf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;[m zuf'&,form;rsm;jzpf=u+y;D cGx J uG f
olrsm;jzpfa=umif;/ wdik ;f jynfacsmufurf;yg;usvq k q J wJ iG f wyfrawmfutcsed rf DS u,fwifEikd f
a=umif; olcdk;vl[pfatmfaeonfudk EdkifiHa&;tm;enf;wJhArmwdkif;&if;om;trsm;pku
vGwv f yfa&;&onfrmS r=umao;/ wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;[m cGx J uG af &;/ wdik ;f jynf+zdKcGo
J rl sm;
jzpfv@kd wyfrawmfu tcsed rf DS umuG,Ef ikd wf m rSew f ,fv@dk xifjrif=uw,f? Adv k af e0if;uae
ae&may;rvm;qd+k yD; Edik if aH &;orm;tcsKd @ aoG;xd;k v_@H aqmfra_ =umifh ArmvlrsKd ;ESihf tjcm;
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;t=um; tjrifvJGr_udk ydkrdkjyif;xefapw,f? txl;ojzifh rqv
ppfwyfu wkid ;f &if;om;e,fajrppfqifa&;rSm rw&m;zrf;qD;axmifcs/ owfjzwf/ &GmrD;&_@d /
a&G/ aiG/ ypPnf;OpPmvk,uf,l/ rk'def;usifh pwJhvkyf&yfrsm;a=umifh EdkifiHa&;tm;enf;wJh
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;trsm;pk[m tkycf sKyfonfv h wl ef;pm;udrk jrifbJ Armrke;f wD;r_jzpfay:
apw,f? 'gha=umifh Adkvfae0if;ppftkyfpkuae+yD;awmh ArmESifh tjcm;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;
t=um; vlrsKd ;jy\em zefw;D ay;Edik w f thJ wGuf rqvwygwD tm%m&Sipf epf (26) ESpf
&Sn=f umoGm;&jcif;ta=umif;wck jzpfygw,f?
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
5? jynfwiG ;f ppfEpS af ygi;f (40) ausm'f g%af =umifh vnf;aumif;/ rqv wygwt D m%m&Sipf epf
rSm;,Gi;f csuaf =umifh vnf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDv@l tcGit
hf a&;qdwo f Ok ;f wmrubJ wdik ;f jynf
qif;&JeufwiG ;f us+yD; jynfow l &yfv;kH pm;0wfaea&; 'kurQ sKd ;pHck &H vd@k rcHr&yfEikd w
f thJ qH;k
1988 ck 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyakH =umifh rqv ygwjD yKwfusomG ;cJw h ,f? 'gayrJh rqv
wjzpfvJ wpnygw[ D m jynfov l x
l k ol@bufrmS &dOS ;D r,fxifjrifv@kd 1990 ck ygwpD akH &G;
aumufyrJG mS NLD tjywftowf tEdik &f oGm;w,f? NLD ESihU f NLD nD!w G af &;
wnfaqmufEikd cf w hJ ,f? 'gah =umifh e0w ppftyk pf [ k m rdrb d uf jynforl &Sad wmha=umif;
vef@jzef@omG ;w,f?
6? jynfwiG ;f rSm 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf &_ o dS vdk
awmfveS af &;e,fajrrSmvnf; NDF, DAB, NCGUB, NLD(LA) wd@k nD!w G af ewmudk
e0w uae rcHr&yf Edik af wmh ESpaf ygi;f (40) ausmf vufeufuikd w f u
kd yf 0JG ifvmwJh NDF
twGi;f aemufq;kH vufeufcs enf;wenf;jzpfwhJ typftcwf&yfpaJ &;enf;jzifh +zdKcGw J ,f?
Oya'abmiftwGi;f 0ifa&muf+yD; zG@H +zdK;a&;vkyw f ,fq+kd yD; csKyfxm;wm bmrSrvkyEf ikd af wmh
a=umif; awG@&&dS w,f? aemufq;kH etz zufqpf ppftyk pf k w&m;0if jynfov l xl t k ay:
zdESdyfu|efjyKrnfh Road Map udkaxmufcH+yD; nDvmcHwufygr,fqdkwJh rdrdvlrsdK;
trsKd ;jzKwfa&;ordik ;f w&m;cHb0 a&mufreS ;f rod a&mufrnft h ajctaetxd jzpfomG ;w,f?
NDF wyfaygi;f pktwGi;f +zdKcGaJ &;ru etz[m awmfveS af &;wzG@J csi;f twGi;f udv k nf;
bmoma&;/ vlrsdK;pkta&;/ yk*~dKvfcsOf;uyfa&; enf;rsdK;pHktoHk;jyK+yD; +zdKcGJaewmudkvnf;
awG@ae&ygw,f?
7? 'ga=umifh usaemfw@kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;rSm Armtkycf sKyfovl w
l ef;pm;tqufquf vuf
wvHk;jcm; +zdKcGJenf;vkyfvmcJhwJhvkyf&yftay: aumif;aumif;}uD; jyefvnfoHk;oyfum
cHpm;wwf/ oifc%f;pm ,lwwf=ubd@k vkt d yfae+yDv@kd oH;k oyfryd gw,f?
'ga=umifh rdrwd @kd wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;rSm vGecf w hJ hJ ESpaf ygi;f (50) ausmu
f wnf;u ,ae@txd
Armtkypf ;kd oltqufqufu t}udr}f udrv f ufwvH;k =um; vdrv f mwm/ oyfv#Kd +zdKcGv
J m
wmawGtay: oifc%f;pm&,l+yD; rdrw d @kd O;D wnfcsuyf ef;wdik jf zpfaom 'Dru kd a&pDta&;ESihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk taumiftxnfaz: Edik af &;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; pnf;vH;k
nD!w G af &;rS Armwdik ;f &if;om;'Dru kd a&pD tiftm;pkEiS hf pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udw
k nfaqmuf
um oHk;yGifhqdkifawG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;qDodk@ enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh }udK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;=u&r,f
jzpfw,f?
ok;H yGiq
hf idk af wG@qk;H aqG;aEG;a&;
1947 ck zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtm;enf;+yD; wkdif;&if;om;rsm; wef;wla&;jy\ema=umifh
jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpf&w,f? jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D a=umifh ppfwyftcef;u¾ay:vm+y;D ppfwyf[m rdru
d ,
dk f
ukd wkdif;jynfu,fwif&Siftjzpf b0ifjrifhum wkdif;jynftm%modrf;,lwJh ppftkyfpka=umifh
75
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
'Dru
dk a&pDv@l tcGit
hf a&; [lor# tm;vH;k qdwo f Ok ;f oGm;&w,f? wdik ;f jynfrmS vnf; qif;&Jeuf
wGi;f a&mufomG ;jcif;ESit
hf wl jynfov
l x
l k w&yfv;kH &Jh pm;0wfaea&;onfvnf; 'kurQ sKd ;pHk }uKH awG@
ae&wmjzpfw,f?
'ga=umifh urBmu h vk or*~uae+yD;awmh jrefrmEdik if . H jy\emrsm;ajz&Si;f Edik &f eftwGuf
vuf&EdS pS af ygi;f (40) ausmf rw&m;tm%m&,lxm;wJh etz zufqpfppftyk pf /k 'Dru kd a&pD
tiftm;pkESifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pk oHk;bufawG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;[m rSefuefwJhjrefrmEdkifiH
Edik if aH &;jy\em ajz&Si;f a&;bJ jzpfw,f? jrefrmEdik if &H hJ jy\emudk 'Dru kd a&pD jy\emw&yfuo kd m
ajz&Si;f r,fqykd gu jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D +yD;qH;k Edik rf nf r[kwyf g? wdik ;f &if;om; wef;wla&;jy\em
w&yfuo kd m ajz&Si;f oGm;r,fq&kd ifvnf; qdAk , D uf&&k mS ;/ ,l*q
kd vm;AD;,m;Edik if H jy\emvdb k /J
'Drdkua&pD vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;r&Sd&ifawmh wdkif;jynf[m wnf+idrfat;csrf; om,mEdkifrnf
r[kwyf g? 'ga=umifh jrefrmEdik if &H hJ jy\emudk ajz&Si;f &mrSm oH;k yGiq hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&; udok m
wpdu k rf wfrwf OD;wnfaqmif&u G of mG ;=u&rSm jzpfygw,f?
etz twkta,miftrsKd ;om;nDvmcHusi;f y&efjyifqifjcif;
e0w [m 1990 ck ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJ usif;yay;+yD;
tEdik &f &So
d nfh ygwu
D kd tm%mv$t
J yf+yD; ppfwef;vsm;jyefrnfqw
kd hJ uwdukd azguzf suw
f ,f?
1990 ck e0w&Jh Zlvikd v f (27) &ufae@pyJG gxw k jf yefxm;wJh trde@f trSwf 1§90 rSm a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrsm;onf Edik if zH @JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qG&J ef
wm0ef&o dS nf[k rdrx d wk x
f m;onft h rde@f uykd ifv#if vku d ef mjcif;r&S/d azguzf suw f ,f? e0w [m
1993 ckrSp+yD; OD;wnfcsuf (6) &yfyg&SdwJh pdwf}udKuftwkta,mif trsdK;om;nDvmcHudk
pwifusi;f yjyKvky+f yD; ppfwyfrS jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH tay: pd;k rd;k u|ejf yKEdik rf nfh rl (104) csuuf kd
twif;t"rR csrw S x f m;w,f? ,if; twkta,mif trsKd ;om;nDvmcHEiS hf tajccH&rnfrh u l kd
NLD ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ jynfov l xl t k rsm; vufrcHv@kd 1996 ckEpS rf mS &yfqikd ;f
xm;&w,f?
urBmhukvor*~rS csrSwfxm;wJh oHk;yGifhqdkifawG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;udk ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jy
tcsed q f +JG yD; 'Dy,
J if; vlowfyjJG zifh tqH;k owfvu kd w
f ,f? 'Dy,J if; vlowfyaJG =umifh etz tay:
Edik if w
H umrS t,Ht k =unf r&Sad wmhb/J 'ga=umifh etz[mEkid if aH &;vufO;D r_ &,lwt hJ aeeJ@
1996 ck ,m,D&yfem;xm;wJh trsKd ;om;nDvmcH jyefpr,fq+kd yD; Road Map vrf;!Gecf suf
(7) csuf csrw S +f yD; enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh }udK;yrf;aewmudk awG@&&dS w,f?
etz Road Map (7) csuEf iS hf trsKd ;om;nDvmcHtay: oH;k oyfcsuf
etz Road Map (7) csuw f iG f 1996 ck ,m,D&yfem;xm;aom trsK;d om;nDvmcH
jyefvnfusi;f y&ef[k yg&w
dS t
hJ wkid ;f ,cifu trsK;d om;nDvmcH usi;f ya&;qkid &f m vkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
(2) wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,frsm; (14) ckrS (16) OD;pD tnDtr#apv$waf om trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; (224) OD;wGif ppfwyfu (56) OD; (25) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f yg0if&rnf?
(3) wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,f (14) ck jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfwiG f wyfrawmfu ok;H ykw
H ykH yg0if&rnf?
(4) orwonf ppfwyftawG@t}uHK tenf;qk;H (10) ESpf &So
d l jzpf&rnf?
(5) umuG,af &;/ vk+H cKH a&;/ jynfxaJ &;/ e,fpyfa&;&m 0ef}u;D XmewGif ppfwyfuwm0ef,&l rnf?
(6) wkid ;f a'o}uD;wckcw k iG jf zpfap/ jynfe,fwe,fwiG jf zpfap/ jynforl sm;. touft;dk tdr/f
pnf;pdru f dk xdyg;tE &W m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:ayguv f #if (ok@d r[kw)f ay:ayguf
&efta=umif;&Sv d #if xktd E &W m,fudk wyfrawmfonf wm;qD;umuG,f apmifah &SmufciG hf
&So
d nf?
(7) EkdifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd qlylaomif;usef;r_/ t=urf;zufr_ t"rRenf;jzifh
&,laqmif&u G jf cif; (ok@d r[kw)f }udK;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;a=umifh jynfaxmifp+k ydKuGaJ prnf/h
wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; +ydKuGaJ prnfh (od@k r[kw)f tcsKyftjcmtm%mvufvw G f
qH;k &H;_ aprnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:ayguv f mv#if wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfonf
Ekid if aH wmftm%muk&d ,l ok;H pGcJ iG hf &So d nf?
(8) wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmfv+kH cHKa&;ESihf umuG,af &;wGif jynfow
l &yfv;kH yg0ifa&;twGuf
pDraH qmif&u
G Ef ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf[k yg&x
dS m;+yD;jzpfw,f?
'ga=umifh zufqpfppftyk pf rk mS —
(1) jynfo@l vw$ af wmfEiS hf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfrsm;wGif ppfwyfu (25) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f / wdik ;f a'o§
jynfe,f§uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyfa&;a'o ponfv
h w
$ af wmfrsm; toD;oD;wGif ok;H ykw
H ykH ae&m&,l
xm;jcif;?
(2) orwrStp jynfxaJ &;/ umuG,af &;/ vH+k cKH a&;/ e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}u;D XmewGif vnf;aumif;/
wkid ;f a'o}uD;/ jynfe,fEiS u
hf ,
dk yf idk t
f yk cf sKyfa&; a'ot}uD; tuJtxd ae&m&,lxm;jcif;?
(3) Edik if aH wmftm%mudv k nf;aumif;/ jynfe,f/ wdik ;f a'o}uD;ESihf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyfa&;a'o
tm%mudk vnf;aumif;/ umuG,af &; ppfO;D pD;csKyfuae+yD; tcsed rf a&G; tm%modr;f ,l
Edik jf cif;?
(4) jynfo@l wyfrawmfuae+yD;awmh Edik if aH wmfv+kH cHKa&;ESihf umuG,af &;wGif jynfow l &yfv;kH
yg0ifa&;twGuf pDraH qmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &So
d nf? yg&w dS t
hJ wdik ;f jynfow l &yfv;kH tay: ay:wm
xrf;apjcif;/ ‚if;wd@k ppfwyf pdu k u f iG ;f pdu k u f uG f ppfwyftvky[ f o
l r# u|ejf yKcdik ;f +yD; cdik ;f ydik cf iG hf
txdyg&+dS yD; jzpfw,f? zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'[m tjrifq h ;kH Oya' jzpfwt hJ wGuf
jynfov l x l rk mS bmrSjyefwifjycGirhf &Sd Edik if w H um vl@tcGit fh a&; tzG@J tpnf;onfyifv#if
bmrS 0ifpu G yf ikd cf iG hf r&Sad wmhyg?
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jynfaxmifpw
k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Dru
dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) UNLD(LA)
79
wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
aemufco
H rkid ;f a=umif;
jrefrmEkid if .
H Ekid if aH &;jzpfpOfwiG f 1962 ckEpS rf mS jrefrmh
wyfrawmfu tm%modr;f r_a=umifh rlvuwnf;&Sad eaom
tpdk;&eJ@ vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;t=um;
yÉdyuQtjyif 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pk;rsmeJ@ ppftkyfpkt=um;
yÉdyuQopf wckay:ayguv f mcJo
h nf? od@k &mwGif ,if; yÉdyuQ
onf tm%modr;f ppfaumifpt D yk cf sKyfa&;rS wygwD (jrefrmh
qk&d ,
S v
f pfvrf;pOfygw)D tkycf sKyfa&;pepfo@kd ajymif;vJvu dk f
Adv
k rf LS ;cdik rf sKd ;rif;
ojzifh rjyif;xefbJ ,m,Diw k vf #Kd ;oGm;cJo h nf?
od@k aomf tm%modr;f +yD;aemuf (26) ESpt f =um 1988 ckEpS rf mS 'Dru kd a&pDvv dk m;aom
vlxo k nf Ekid if t
H 0Sr;f vH;k YtHºk uG+yD; rqvwygwt D m%m&Sit f pd;k &udk jzKwfcsc&hJ m ,if;ta&;
tcif;udk e0w (Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J ) trnfcpH pftyk pf rk S owfjzwfErdS f
eif;+yD; tm%modr;f r_a=umifh 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;onf tdref ;D csi;f Ekid if rH sm;ESihf urBmtES@H
tjym;od@k xu G af jy;ckv
d _H oGm;cJ&h onf? ,if;a=umifh jrefrmEkid if rH mS t"duEkid if aH &;+ydKifbuftif
tm;pkw@dk onf
(u) ppftm%m&Sit f yk pf /k
(c) 'Drudk a&pDtiftm;pk ESi@f
(*) wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; (trsKd ;om;a&;) tiftm;pk[I
l tiftm;pko;kH pk
onf xif&mS ;pGmjzpfay:wnf&v dS mcJo
h nf?
T+ydKifbufrsm;wGif wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tiftm;pke@J 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkw@dk onf
rdwb
f uftjzpf&yfwnf+yD; ppftm%m&Sit f yk pf u
k kd qef@usi=f uonf? ,if;udk e0wu +idr0f yf
oGm;atmiftwGuf 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkw@dk tm; a&G;aumufyJG vkyaf y;rnf? tEdifk &f onfyh gwo D @kd
tm%mvJ$ajymif;ay;rnf[k *wday;onf? w+ydKifwnf;rS wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdif
awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwkd@udkvnf; typftcwf&yfpJa&;/ +idrf;csrf;pGmtwlaexkdifa&;twGuf
urf;vSr;f zdwaf c: +yD; ygwtD awmfrsm;rsm;ESihf oabmwl vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;ukd vkycf o
hJ nf?
,if;aemufyidk ;f wGif e0wppftpk;d &onf a&G;aumufyYJG tEkid &f &S&d onfh NLD ( trsKd ;om;
'Dru
dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf) ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDtif;tm;pkw@dk tm; tm%mv$aJ y&efjiif;qef+yD; ygwt D csKd @ukd
zsuo f rd ;f ypfonf? xk@d twl typftcwf&yfpcJ o hJ nfh ygww
D @dk tm;vnf; Ekid if aH &;vkyyf idk cf iG u
hf dk
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
trif; t=uyftwnf; qku d v f mcJo h nf? TuJo h @kd jzpfvm&jcif;onf etz rS Ekid if aH &;jy\emudk
ekid if aH &;t& rajz&Si;f bJ t=urf;zufzEd ydS o f wfjzwfaevk@d jzpfw,f? ,if;a=umifh UN, USA,
EU, wk@d u Tjy\emonf etzrS wm0ef&o dS nf[k em;vnfojzifh etzukd zdtm;ay;onf?
txl;ojzifh tar&duefu pD;yGma&;ydwq f @dk ru
_ kd wk;d jr‡ihf vku
d +f yD; ukvor*~ twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyfu
ouU&mZf 2006 ckEpS rf mS jrefrmEkid if H 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if jH zpf&rnf[k tcsed u f dk uef@owfabmifcwf
vku d &f m etzppftm%m&Siw f @dk onf ukvor*~rS vufcx H m;aom oH;k yGiqhf idk af wG@qakH qG;aEG;yGJ
ukd aysmufu, f mG ;atmif ‚if;. Road Map for Democracy jzifh zH;k v$r;f cif;vku
G o d of nf? 'gudk
ukvor*~e@J jynfwiG ;f jynfytcsKd @u vuQ%maumif;w&yftjzifh &_jrif+y;D axmufct H m; ay;=u
onf? ,if;a=umihf ok;H yGiq hf idk af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;rlonf tvdt k avsmufwrd jf r‡Kyf oGm;cJh onf?
etz. Road Map
ppftm%m&Sirf sm; a&;qGx J m;onfh tajccHrl (104) csuf tay:tajcjyKxm;aom Road
Map onf ppftyk cf sKyfa&;ukd w&m;0ifjzpfatmif zefw;D onft h wGuf 1996 ckEpS rf mS trsKd ;om;
nDvmcHrS NLD ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkw@dk Ekwx f u
G o
f mG ;cJv
h @dk &yfqidk ;f aeaom Ekid if aH wmf
zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rl=urf; jzpfonf?
,cktcg TzG@J pnf;yHrk mS tjiif;yGm;zG,&f m tcsut f vufrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDpepf od@k a&S@&r_ _
r&daS om tcsut f vuftcsKd @ukd xyfr+H yD;xnfo h iG ;f xm;aumif; xm;Ekid o f nf? tb,fa=umifh
qkad omf UN. USA, EU wd@k . jyif;xefaomzdtm;ESihf xkid ;f 0ef}uD;csKyf rpPwmwufqifrS
urf;vSr;f onfR h oad Map udzk efw;D &jcif;jzpf&m ‚if;wk@d ord ;f ,lxm;aom tm%mudk qufvuf
xdef;odrf;xm;a&;twGufom }udK;yrf;rnfjzpf+yD; 'Drdkua&pDpepf tjrefqHk;usifhoHk;a&;ESifh
ppfreS af om zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufa&;twGuf }uKd ;yrf;rnf r[kwaf y? ,if;a=umifh
trsKd ;om;nDvmcHukd &Sn=f umatmiftcsed q f u
JG si;f ya&;/ NLD ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkw@dk tm;
a&G;aumufyt JG opfrmS ryg0ifEidk af tmif tjypf&mS xkwyf ,fypfa&;ESihf }uHzh @HG EiS hf wpnwk@d ta&G;cH
&atmif jyif;xefaomxk;d ppfjzifh vufeufcsatmif enf;rsKd ;pHu k o
kd ;kH +yD; ppfa&;r[mrdwt f zG@J EiS hf
'Drukd a&pD tiftm;pkw@dk tm;+zdKcGrJ nf?
rnfo h @kd yifjzpfap etztaejzifh qufv f uftm%m&,la&;twGuf zefw;D r_reS o f r#onf
rdrud ,
dk u f kd owfaozk@d }udK;yrf;r_om jzpfygvrd rhf nf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf toGit f rsKd ;rsKd ;
jzifh tkyfcsKyfaomppftkyfcsKyfa&;ukd jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd &[ef;&SifvljynfolESifh EkdifiHa&;/ awmfvSef
a&;tiftm;pkw@dk u vufrcH qef@usio f nf? ,if;tjyif ukvor*~EiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;u
'Dru
dk a&pDpepfukd rusio hf ;kH aom qef@usiaf om tpd;k &rsm;udk tultnD ray;aoma=umifh
wm&Sn&f yfwnfEidk rf nf r[kwaf y? xk@d twl etz trsKd ;om;nDvmcHEiS hf ,if;nDvmcHraS &;qGJ
rnfh zG@J pnf;yHv k nf; t+yD;od@k a&mufrnfr[kwaf y?
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
4;4? u&ifew
D ;kd wufa&;ygwD (KNPP) rS tjrifEiS o
hf abmxm;pmwrf;
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
u&ifet
D rsKd ;om;wd;k wufa&;ygwD (KNPP)
,if;a=umifh 'Dru
dk a&pDtiftm;pke@J wkid ;f &if;om;awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;onf urBmh
ukvor*~rS vufcx H m;aom oH;k yGiq
hf ikd af wG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;rludk tcdik t
f rmqkyu
f idk +f yD; urBmh
ukvor*~. }uD;=uyfr_jzifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;oGm;a&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qkdoifh
a=umif; ALP . oabmxm;ukd wifjytyfygonf? Ò
&cdik jf ynfvw
G af jrmufa&;ygwD (ALP)
87
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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105
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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Edik if aH &;orm;awGvnf;ygw,f? 'ga=umifrh @kd usaemfw@kd wikd ;f jynf&&Szd @kd twGuf wdu k =f u&r,f
vd@k ajym&if;eJ@ ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f? Ò
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av;pm;tyfwo
hJ bmywdrsm;ESihf acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;cifAsm;
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ykeu f efwv hJ al wG/ olyek af wGv@kdf ajymw,f? tpd;k &udb
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
ppfat;acwfvnf; +y;D oGm;+y?D 'Dru kd a&pDacwfjzpfaeawmh 'Dru kd a&pDukd zdEySd wf ,f? vl@tcGit hf a&;
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aewmuvnf; rajymif;bl;? 'gayrJh urBmuajymif;aew,f Globalization jzpfae+yD? tcku
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wduk rf ,f? t=urf;zuform;u KNU, SSA, KNPP wd@k jzpfygw,fv@kd ow l @kd u }uKd ;pm;cJwh ,f?
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&efuek +f rdK@rmS c%c% Ak;H cGw J ,f? 'gukd KNU vkyyf gw,f vd@k pyG pf yJG gw,f?
usaemfw@kd ukd tJ'zD uf oGwo f iG ;f csiw
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uwzuf b,fou l urBmph ;D yGg;a&;udk taxmuftuljyKEdik rf vJ/ b,fou l jrefrmjynf&t hJ usKd ;ukd
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w&kww f @kd vnf; etzu wdik ;f jynfuq kd ufxrd ;f +yD;awmh pD;yGg;a&;vkyEf ikd rf ,f xifw,f? olwŒkd u
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aiGa&;a=u;a&; ay;=uygw,f? Investment rsm;rsm;vkyaf y;=uw,f? 'gayrJh (10) ESpaf usmf
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
oifjh rwfa&;qdv k J wdik ;f &if;om;ryg&if r+y;D Edik b f ;l ? 'g[musaemfw@kd twGuf wu,faumif; w,f?
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xdkif;tpdk;&u ,Hk=unfw,f? wu,fqdk&if xwfqifudk tm;ay;&r,f? olujrifae+yDav/
usaemfw@kd ryg&if jy\emr&Si;f Edik b f ;l ? wdik ;f jynfjy\em r&Si;f &if xkid ;f twGuf tusKd ;r&Sb d ;l vd@k
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f mqdu k ef @J tvkyw
f v JG yk wf ,f? 'gav;udk
wcsKd @u jrif+yD;ajymw,f? 'gayrJh xwfqif jrefrmjynfu&wm eJeaJ v;bJ/ olu wurBmvH;k udk
awmifpm;csiw f ,f? urBmrSmwd;k wufcsiw f ,f? yk*rH mS pm;wmrvHak vmufb;l qk&d if jy\emudk
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usaemfw@kd twGuf tusKd ;&Srd &Sd usaemfw@kd =unfo h ifwh ,f? usaemht f jrifuawmh usaemfw@kd vyk f
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wmr[kwb f ;l ajymif;ygw,f? qd&k , S v f pfuae t&if;&Sijf zpfomG ;w,f? Edik if jH cm;udk pD;yGg;a&;vkyzf @kd
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csiw f muawmh olw@kd rajymif;wmr[kwb f ;l / olw@kd ajymif;w,f? olw@kd ajymif;wmu usaemfw@kd
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yGEJ ikd w
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Edik w
f ,f? qdak wmh olw@kd ua&G;aumufycJG v
hJ yk w
f ,f/ ratmifjrifb;l ? olw@dk wGucf surf mS ;oGm;
w,f? NLD wufvmw,f? olw@kd aemufjyefqw k o f mG ;w,f?
aemufwqifh 1993 ckESpfrSm trsdK;om;nDvmcHudkac:w,f? tJ'DrSmuvnf; olwdk@&Jh
tm%mwnf+rJz@kd tajccHOya'a&;qGrJ ,f ponfjzifah yg?h 1994 ckEpS rf mS atmifqef;pk=unfudk
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k cf sKyfoef;a&$w@kd atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd awG@wyhJ aHk wGjyw,f?
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vky+f y;D awmh trsK;d om;nDvmcHuae tm%mvufeufuidk pf EJG ikd af tmif }uKd ;pm;ay;rJh ratmifjrif
cJb
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usaemfjrifwmu Adv k cf sKyfcif!eG @f jzpfaew,f? bmvd@k vq J akd wmh olw@kd xrJ mS pOf;pm;Edik w f m
'Dwa,mufbJ &drS ,f? 1989/ 90/ 93 / 1996 ckEpS /f txdu olw@kd touf&iS Ef ikd af tmif upm;+yD;
OD;aqmifcw hJ mu cif!eG @f ygb?J 1997 up+yD; Adv k cf sKyfoef;a&$ wufvmw,f? vrf;ajymif;+yD;
enf;vrf;ud&k mS w,f? ouU&mZf 2000 ckEpS rf mS NLD ukd tjyKwfwu kd zf @kd olw@kd }udK;pm;w,f?
'gayrJh ratmifjrifb;l ? =o*kwv f rSm atmifqef;pk=unfukd zrf;vdu k wf ,f? tJ't D csed rf mS Edik if H
wumu zdtm;ay;+yD;awmh olwdk@vnf; ratmifjrifjyefbl;? 'ga=umifh atmifqef;pk=unf
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jrif&if tEkenf;eJ@omG ;r,fq+kd yD; jzpfvmw,f?
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vlxu k kd ay;zd@k ajymvm=uw,f? Edik if w H umu ulcsiw f m/ ay;csiw f mudk etz odw,f? qdak wmh
etzu rl;,pfaq;0g;wdu k zf suzf @kd tultnDukd tar&duefxaH wmif;vmw,f? tckxufxd
tar&duefu 'DtultnDukd ray;Edik b f ;l ? rl;,pfaq;0g;rwdu k wf hJ pm&if;xJrmS etzu pm&if;0if
aew,f? atmifqef;pk=unfe@J pum;ajymwJt h csed rf mS 'Dpm&if;xJu olw@kd emrnfukd zsuaf y;zd@k
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jy\emjzpfvmwJh aemufyikd ;f rSm cif!eG @f ukd 0ef}uD;csKyfvyk cf ikd ;f w,f? cif!eG @f EiS hf oef;a&$w@dk
wvSnphf D tEkenf;/ t=urf;enf; udik =f uayrJh ratmifjrifb;l ? 'gayrJh 'Dwcg ol@uv kd yk cf ikd ;f vdu
k f
wmu etztm%mwnf+rJatmifvyk yf g? atmifjrif&ifaumif;r,f/ ratmifjrif&if cif!eG @f
u¾u+yD;+yD? Ekid if w H umuvnf; 'D[mawG rygb;l qk&d if atmifjrifp&mvrf;r&Sb d ;l ? etzu
typftcwf&yfpcJ w hJ hJ tzG@J awGukd t&ifcsO;f uyfw,f? tck KNU, KNPP +yD;rS SSA udk
jyef+y;D csO;f uyfr,f? usaemfjrifw,f 'D etzuvkyrf ,fh nDvmcHu cif!eG @f twGuf odyt f a&;}u;D
w,f? oluvJ atmifjrifcsiw f ,f? ol@&t hJ usKd ;/ etz&Jt h usKd ;vJygw,f? xwfpifzufuvnf;
xdik ;f Ekid if t
H usK;d / ol@tusKd ;a&mygw,f?
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tcef; (7)
wwd,t}urd af jrmuf
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ
qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(C) UN, EU, ASEAN paom Edik if w H umtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf USA, Japan, Australia
paom Edik if rH sm;omru/ rdrw d @kd . tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;jzpf=uaom China, India,
Bangladesh Edik if rH sm;. yg0ifrt _ m; wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;/ jynforl sm;. qENEiS hf
tnD jzpfap&ef }udKqkw d u
dk w
f eG ;f oGm;rnf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nD!w
G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G af &;qdik &f mqH;k jzwfcsuf
5? (u) oH;k yGiqhf ikd af qG;aEG;yJw
G iG ‚f if;/ tqifq h ifah om 'Dru
kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umv
rsm;wGi‚f if;/ oH;k yGiq d zf uf (Dialogue Partners) rsm;onf rdrw
hf ikd af qG;aEG;yJrG w d @kd .
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,af pv$wyf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk vGwvf yfpmG a&G;cs,Ef ikd &f ef rdrw
d @kd wikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm; vGwf
vyfpmG awG@qakH qG;aEG;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) xdo
k @kd aom vGwv
f yfonfah qG;aEG;yJrG sm;jzpfay:vmEdik &f ef UN . pnf;=uyfuyG u
f rJ u _ kd
aomf‚if;/ Asean ESifh tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;. t}uHjyKr_ESifh ulnDay;r_rsm;&&SdEdkif&ef
}udK;pm;oGm;rnf jzpfonf?
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;udpPrsm;tay:
qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
6? (u) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ (Ethnic Nationalities Seminar) udk
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH (Ethnic Nationalities Conference) tjzpf ajymif;
vJusi;f y&ef qH;k jzwfonf?
(c) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. wyfaygi;f pkrsm;ESihf ygwt
D zJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;. tajccHpzk @GJ r_
tjzpf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD (Ethnic Nationalities Council) udk zJ@G pnf;
&ef qH;k jzwfonf?
(*) ENSCC udk vkyif ef;aumfrwDtjzpf qufvufxm;&Sd zJ@G pnf;&ef oabmwlq;kH jzwfonf?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpD zJ@G pnf;yHk
7? (u) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcH
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHonf tjrifq h ;kH nDvmcHjzpfonf?
(2) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;nDvmcHukd wESpv
f #if w}udru f si;f yonf?
(3) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;nDvmcHonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpDudk aomf
vnf;aumif;/ vkyif ef; aumfrwDrsm;udak omfvnfaumif; zJ@G pnf;ay;onf?
(4) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;nDvmcHonf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpDwGif A[dk
tvkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwDtjzpfwm0ef,rl nfyh *k K~d vfrsm;/ wyfaygi;f pkEiS hf tzJ@G
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
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usi;f ya&;aumfrwD
wwd,t}udrf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,f
ae@p?GJ ?ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f azaz:0g&v
D (3) &uf
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
The Statement of
the Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(1) The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar was successfully held from January
28, 2004 to February 2, 2004 at Law-hkee-la Camp in Kawthoolei. Sixty-
one delegates and observers from the ethnic nationality alliances, parties
and organizations attended the Seminar and participated in free and frank
discussions.
(3) The Seminar agreed to firmly uphold the aims and objects of agreement
reached at the First Ethnic Nationality Seminar at "Mae-the-raw-ta" in 1997,
being the resolution of political problems of the Union of Burma through
tripartite dialogue and the establishment of a true Federal Union.
(4) The Seminar observed that the SPDC's 7-stage "road map" and the attempt
to reconvene its National Convention, temporarily suspended in 1996, would
not lead to democratization and establishment of a federal union but only
sustain a military dictatorship in the country.
(5) For peace in the country, the flourishing of democracy, the establishment
of a federal system, and the speedy and timely emergence of democratic
transition, the ethnic nationalities will launch the "Rebuilding the Union of
Burma" initiative consisting of the following points.
(a) To hold, at the earliest date, the tripartite dialogue, as called for by the
UN resolutions annually since 1994;
(b) To form an interim government comprising of representatives,
proportionally, of the SPDC, the NLD and other political parties,
victorious in the 1990 elections, and the ethnic nationalities, based on
the agreement arrived at the tripartite dialogue;
(c) The interim government is to convene a legitimate "National
Convention";
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February 3, 2004
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tcef; (8)
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu D kd ouU&mZf 2004 ckEpS f ZEM0g&v D (28) &ufrS azaz:0g&D
(2) &ufae@txd usi;f ycJah om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w GJ iG t
f rsKd ;om;'Drukd
a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) rS (3) OD;/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf
(vGwfajrmufe,fajr) (UNLD-LA) rS (2) OD;/ u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
(KNPP) rS (1) OD;/ &cdik t f rsKd ;om;nD!w G af &;ygwD (NUPA) rS (1) OD;/ &Sr;f 'Dru kd &ufwpf
,le, D H (SDU) rS (1) OD;/ ucsit f rsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k (KNO) rS (1) OD; wd@k jzifzh @GJ pnf;&ef
qHk;jzwfonf?
(2) xdqk ;kH jzwfcsuEf iS t hf nD wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifpu D kd rwfv (12) &ufae@wiG f atmif
jrifpmG zJ@G pnf;Edik cf o hJ nf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp0D ifrsm;tjzpf Edik if aH &;wyfaygi;f pk
rsm;/ Edik if aH &;ygwt D zJ@G tpnf;rsm;rSay;yd@k aom ud, k pf m;vS,t f rnfpm&if;rSm atmufyg
twdkif;jzpfonf?
1) apmboifped f (NDF ud,k pf m;vS,f )
2) Advk cf sKyf}uD; wmrvmayg (NDF ud,k pf m;vS,f )
3) cdkifpdk;Edkifatmif (NDF ud,k pf m;vS,f )
4) cGe;f rwf&u f b
kd ef (UNLD-LA ud, k pf m;vS,f )
5) a'guw f mqvdik ;f vserf e_ ;f (UNLD-LA ud, k pf m;vS,f )
6) clxb J zl J (KNPP ud, k pf m;vS,f )
7) p0fqikd pf pf (SDU ud,
k pf m;vS,f )
8) a'guw f m cifarmif (NUPA ud, k pf m;vS,f )
9) abmrf0rfva&mf (KNO ud, k pf m;vS,f )
(3) wwd,t}udrw f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf GJ qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS t
hf nD aumifp0D if (9)
OD;t=um; atmufygtwdik ;f wm0efay;a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; jyKvkyEf ikd cf yhJ gonf?
1) OuUX apmboifped f
2) 'k-OuUX clxb J ;l zJ
3) taxGaxGwGif;a&;rSL; a'gufwm qvdkif;vsefr_ef;
4) wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL; p0fqdkifppf
5) b¾ma&;rSL; cdkifpdk;Edkifatmif
6) tzJ@G 0if Advk cf sKyf}uD; wmrvmayg
7) tzJ@G 0if cGe;f rwf&u f b
kd ef
8) tzJ@G 0if a'guw f m cifarmif
9) tzJ@G 0if abmrf0rfva&mf wd@k jzpfygonf?
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wwd,t}udrfajrmufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
(5) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;aumifp. D vkyif ef;aumfrwDjzpfaom “wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; aoG;
pnf;nD!w G af &;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G af &;aumfrwD” (ENSCC) udk atmufyg yk*K~d vfrsm;
jzifh jyefvnfz@GJ pnf;xm;ygonf?
1) OuUX Dr. p0fZef@a,mifa[G (UNLD-LA)
2) twGif;a&;rSL; apma';Apfawm (NDF/KNU)
3) tzJ@G 0if cGe;f wuf'b D ;l &D (UNLD-LA)
4) tzJ@G 0if Adv
k rf LS ;}uD; cGeOf uUm (NDF/PPLO)
5) tzJ@G 0if cGe;f &Drmefx;l (KNPP)
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
(According to decision made at the ENC and ENSCC meeting on 12-14 May, 2004.)
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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
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t}uHay;yk*K~d vfrsm;
(1) t}uHay; ref;atmifoef;av; (KNPP)
(2) t}uHay; p0f[efa,mifa[G (Euro Burma Office)
1. Saw Ba Thin Sein (Chairman, ENC) 2. Dr. Lian H Sakhong (Secretary, ENC)
Tel: 0 9634 1490 Tel: 0 6185 3325
E-mail: botulip@cscoms.com E-mail address:liansakhong@hotmail.com
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UNION OF BURMA
ETHNIC NATIONALITIES COUNCIL
1. The Ethnic Nationalities Council (ENC) was established on March 12, 2004,
in accordance with the decision of the 3rd Ethnic Nationalities Seminar,
which was held from 28 January to 2 February 2004. The Council met from
12 to 14 March 2004.
(C) The "tripartite dialogue" must include the SPDC military regime, the
democratic forces led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and the ethnic
nationalities, as called for by the United Nations General Assembly
resolutions since 1994.
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Advisors:
(i) Mahn Aung Than Lay (KNPP)
(ii) Sao Harn Yawnghwe Euro-Burma Office
6. The Ethnic Nationalities Council will work not only coordinating policies
to promote solidarity among ethnic nationalities forces; but also with other
democratic forces and alliance in order to create a peaceful country where
ethnic nationalities can enjoy full rights of political equality and self-
determination.
ooooo000ooooo
Contact Persons:
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jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H
wdkfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aumifpD
1// ,ae@jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if w H iG f }uKH awG@&ifqidk af e&aom Edik if aH &;jy\emonf 'Dru dfk a&pD
tiftm;pkESifh ppftm%m&Sifpepft=um;jzpfyGm;aeaom 0g'a&;&mwdkufyGJwckwnf;
r[kwfay? yifvHknDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;trsdK;om;acgif;
aqmifrsm; ar#mrf eS ;f cJ=h uaom “vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHck sp=f unf&if;ES;D a&;/ wef;wla&;ESihf trsKd ;om;
ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGit
hf jynft
h 0&Sad om zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp”k udrk wnfaqmufEikd o f nfh
tajccHjy\emrS pwifjzpfymG ;aeaom “Edik if aH &;jy\em” yifjzpfonf//
3// etz ppftyk pf o k nf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;ESihf trsKd ;om;
jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wd@k ukd OayuQmjyKv#uf ‚if;wk@d qyk u f ikd x
f m;aom tm%mqufvuf
wnf+rJa&;ESihf ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd w&m;0ifxal xmifEikd af &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;
tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'w&yfukd a&;qGjJ yXmef;Edik &f ef 1996 ckEpS wf iG f &yfqikd ;f xm;cJah om
trsKd ;om;nDvmcHukd vmrnfah rv (17) &ufae@wiG f jyefvnfusi;f y&ef jyifqifaeygonf?
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The Third Ethnic Nationalities Seminar
Contact Person:
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UNION OF BURMA
ETHNIC NATIONALITIES COUNCIL
We also regret that the peace talks between the SPDC and the Karen
National Union have stalled and instead SPDC troops are continuing to terrorize
the people in Karen territory;
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Given the inflexibility of the SPDC military dictatorship, and its unwillingness
to find a workable political solution, we would not blame our compatriots from
the cease-fire groups if they were to decide not to return to the National Con-
vention when it is re-convened.
The Ethnic Nationalities Council also calls on the State Peace and Development
Council to work with all groups to bring about a transition to democracy and
rebuild Burma before it is too late.
Date: 20-08-2004
Contact Person:
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UNION OF BURMA
1. The Ethnic Nationalities Council calls on the European Union not to accept
Burma as a member in the upcoming ASEM (Asia Europe) meeting in Hanoi
in October 2004.
2. The Ethnic Nationalities Council also calls on the Asian partners of ASEM
to urgently work with the European Union to bring about concrete political
change in Burma.
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The 25 plus million peoples of the Arakan, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Kayah
(Karenni), Mon, and Shan States of the Republic of the Union of Burma
founded in 1948, live in fear for their lives daily. They can be forced by the
army to move from their homes at anytime. The penalty for disobeying is
death. They can be forced to work for the military without any compensation
at anytime. Their wives and daughters can be raped by army personnel with
impunity at anytime. They cannot teach their own languages in schools.
They cannot travel freely in their own homelands. They have no access to
adequate health care. The list is endless. But in spite of these conditions, the
Ethnic Nationalities Council believes that a political solution must be found.
Our compatriots from the cease-fire groups who attended the National
Convention in May 2004 have made positive recommendations to the SPDC
but they have been ignored. We also proposed a detailed road map in
September 2003 as a recommendation to enable the SPDC to bring about a
transition to democracy but this too was ignored. Even the 'peace talks'
with the Karen National Union started in January 2004 have stalled. The
SPDC will not implement real reforms without a compelling reason to change
the status quo. ASEM now has the opportunity to provide the reason.
Date: 20-08-2004
Contact Person:
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