Well Stimulation

Fluid Selection Criteria

 Spent Acid

High Temperature
H2S Wells Iron Content Temperature

Low Temperature
Chlorite In SS

Acid Systems Well Stimulation Chemicals & Compatibility

Sandstone High Permeability

Lithology Permeability

Limestone Low Permeability

 Low Temperature
Environment
➡ Acid reaction with formation is “Surface Reaction
Limited” (low reaction rate).
➡ Use high concentration acid system for high
permeability formation.
➡ Use 15%-20% HCL base fluids for limestones
➡ Use 10-13% HCl - 1.5-3% HF base fluid for
sandstones if silt and clays are less then 8-10%
➡ If high clays (10% to 20%), use 1%-1.5% HF with
overflush of HCL 7.5%
 High Temperature
Environment
➡ Very Fast Reaction between acid and formation
“Mass Transfer Limited” reaction.
➡ Potential reaction by-product precipitation if ph>4
➡ Use reduced acid concentration systems. 7.5%-15%
HCL base fluids for LS and 7.5%-10% HCL-1% to
1.5% HF for SS depending on silt and clay%.
➡ Retarded Acid is recommended at very high
temperatures > 250 deg F.
➡ Post flush of 7.5% HCL is required for all HF
treatment
 High Permeability
Environment
➡ Deep Damage is expected and treatment shall cover
min 2 ft depth
➡ Check permeability contrast. If contrast is high use
diverter. if low end of permeability is tight use NDA-S.
➡ If perforated section is long use a batch of diverter for
each 25 ft of perf height.
 Low Permeability
Environment
➡ Likely to have shallow damage invasion however,
minor precipitation can cause a very high impairment
to permeability.
➡ Ensure reaction rate is controlled and ph remain < 3
➡ highly volatile fluid is recommended to improve
cleanup
➡ Check closely emulsion and sludge creation due to
Iron in Acid, surfactant and Inhibitor used.
➡ Treatment including mutual Solvent is
preferred(Decrease injection P)
 Sandstones and
Cementitious Material
➡ Silt and Clays
✓HF concentration should not cause formation to disintegrate
causing sand production

✓Formation pressure vs initial formation pressure and formation

temperature should be checked

✓amount of clays and water sensitive/migrating clays (illite and

kaolinite) needs to be known and acid conc. to be reduced in
case of it presence.

➡ Calcareous
✓If percent is higher then 15%-18% use HCL base fluids
 Excercise
➡ calculate amount of 7.5% HCL preflush per foot
required to remove CaCO3 from a SS formation with
7% limestone and 15% porosity.
✓OH size 8 in
✓Acid penetration 2 feet
✓Limestone density = 22.53 lb/gal
✓1.0 lb of CaCO3 is dissolved by 1 gal of 7.5% HCL
➡ Time 10 minutes
 Excercise (Continued)

➡ Vol of CaCO3 in cuft = 22/7(((2.333)^2)-

(0.333)^2))x0.15x0.07= 0.1759 cuft/ft
➡ Limestone density in lb/cuft = 22.53*7.48=168.52
lb/cuft
➡ Wt of CaCO3 per foot = 168.52*0.1759 = 191.944 lb/ft
➡ gallons of 7.5% HCL required = 191.944/1.0= 192 gal
 SS with Fine Migration
and High Clay Content
➡ If fine migration is the main impairment to the
producing well, HBF Acid should be used as a main
treatment at 125-150 gal/ft. A shut-in period shall
always follow the placement of HBF acid
➡ 4% HBF equal approx 1% HF
➡ HBF acid has an HF acid Base with the addition of
Boron H3BO3 Agent as a reaction control agent.
‣ A full strength HBF has 8% HBF4+0.6%HF+0.3%HCL

‣ A Half Strength HBF has 4% HBF4+0.3%HF+0.15%HCL

➡ HBF Acid can be used as a post-flush after HF acid

 Hydrofluoric Acid
➡ Flowback Cleanup
✓Natural flow back
✓N2 kickoff
✓Swabing
➡ Pre Flush/Overflush
✓NH4Cl/HCl, Xylene and Mutual Solvent (Pre Flush).
✓NH4Cl/HCl or Diesel or Nitrogen (Over flush- 4 ft)
✓Mutual solvent /Surfactant (To make Water wet formation).
 Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Silt & Particle Removal Acid System(SRA)
➡ HCl/HF Mixture (Mud Acid)
➡ Volatile Acid System (VAS)
➡ Organic Retarded Acid System (ORA)
➡ Deep Penetrating Gelled Acid (DPGA)
➡ Non Damaging Diverting Acid (NDA/NDA-s)
➡ MaxOil (MOA-L/MOA-S)
➡ Non Damaging Pill (NDP)
➡ Carbo/Sulfo Clean
 Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Silt & Particle Removal Acid System (SRA)
✓SRA-15, SRA-7.5, SRA123
✓Remove Drilling Damage/Formation Silt in SS
✓Restore Fracture Density
✓Restore Permeability/ Open Clogged Perforation
✓Suspending & easy flow back of Silt & Particles
✓Special Additives S281, S260
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ HCl/HF Mixture (Mud Acid)
✓Frequently Used in SandStone
✓Ratio 12:3, 6:1.5 (depends upon Clay %)
✓HF Partially Dissolve Siliceous Materials (Bentonite)
✓HCl Base fluid as a Pre/Post Flush.
✓HF can cause Precipitation.
✓Early flow back Required.
✓Special additive Ammonium Bi fluoride. (ABF)
 Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Volatile Acid System (VAS)
✓Alcoholic Acid is a mixture of Methanol or Isopropanol and
Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) or HCL:HF Acid

✓Lowers the surface tension, increases the vapor pressure and

improves the spent acid cleanup.

✓Improve success in acidizing low- to moderate permeability

Reservoir.

✓Reduce Water saturation (Gasification)

✓S2000 Volatile Agent (Use as 300gal/1000gal)
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Organic Retarded Acid System (ORA)
✓High Temp. Environment above 250F
✓Preferred in Low Permeability formations
✓Deeper Penetration
✓Less Corrosive than HCl.
✓Blend with other Mineral Acids
✓9% Formic or 10% Acetic Acid
Sprint Stimulation Systems
Organic Retarded Acid System (ORA)
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Deep Penetrating Gelled Acid (DPGA)
✓Mainly Used for limestone.
✓For Deeper Penetration
✓Reduce wormhole effect/ Increase Acid Spending Time
✓Temp. Range 200-300F.
✓Special Additive S301 (Acid Gelling Agent)
Sprint Stimulation Systems
Deep Penetrating Gelled Acid (DPGA)
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Non Damaging Diverting Acid (NDA/NDA-s)
✓Self diverting acid system for stimulating Limestone and high
permeability Sandstone formations.

✓Non polymer based gelling system

✓95% retained permeability
✓Excellent post job clean-out and biodegradable or in contact
with Isopropanol/Hydrocarbon.

✓While pumping and under high shear, rheology is very low.

Once in the formation, high gel network is created and
remaining fluids are diverted to other zones

✓S1000 Special Additive.

Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ MaxOil Acid System (MOA-L/MOA-S)
✓MOA Max-Oil Acid is a sequence of fluids pumped to
maximize stimulation of oil and gas zone and minimize acid to
get to water zone.

✓MOA is a non damaging fluid that temporarily divert acid of the

water zone.

✓The system is fully degradable and brakes down by

hydrocarbons.

✓The system works for saline water zone for both gas and oil
wells.

✓Temperature up to 140 deg C. (285 deg F)

✓Recommended for formation permeability > 20 md
Sprint Stimulation Systems
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Non Damaging Pill (NDP)
✓ Commonly used Pill / gel plugs are polymer based and thus they are
damaging to formation. Sprint NDP pill a unique carrier which includes ZERO
polymer yet very efficiently viscosifying water base fluids and brines for
temperatures up to 285 deg F (148 deg C).

✓ NDP base fluid allows loading fluids with medium to coarse graded particles
such as calcium carbonate / frac gravel / LCM material for different oilfield
applications.

✓ The gel is non-Newtonian; under high shear rates the solution has a low
viscosity, but a high viscosity gel forms rapidly under low shear rate conditions.
The gel provides the fluid with good solid carrying capability.

✓ The Pill can be washed/cleaned later, meanwhile the gel entering the
formation breaks at the contact with hydrocarbons producing a solid-less fluid.
Sprint Stimulation Systems
➡ Carbo/Sulfo Clean
✓High dissolution capacity for common carbonates scales
(CaCO3,Ca, Ba, Sr Sulphate with Soaking Time 24 hr at 150F.

✓Non corrosive to 13%Cr and Duplex steel and Very low

corrosion on N80,J55,P105 (<10mpy)

✓No re-precipitation of reaction products

✓Recommended for tubulars where HCl is not recommended
✓Can be used for the near wellbore matrix, perforations,
slotted/perforated liner, gravel pack, pre-packed screen and/or
open hole

✓Remove Drill-in fluid filter cake uniformly(Avoid Worm hole)

Sprint Stimulation Systems
Selection Flow Chart