Introduction to DBMS

How do you produce these information?

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Why Study DBs?
Very widely used.
Part of many software solutions.
DB expertise is a career asset.
More Money
$$!!

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JOB Market !!

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Database Design
How do we design a database for an application?
Design in such a way that:

•Records can be reached easily

•Respond to the user’s questions easily
•Occupies minimum storage
•Contains NO unnecessary data
(storing the gross salary, calculated from the gross salary)
•Adding /Updating of data can be done easily with out causing mistakes

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Design process (divided into 6 steps)
1.Requirements Analysis
What does the user want?
2.Conceptual Database Design
Defining the entities and attributes, and the relationships between these --> The ER model
3.Logical Database Design (Map ER to Relational Schema)
4.Schema Refinement (fine tune )
5.Physical Database Design
Implementation of the design using a Database Management System
6.Security Design
Implement Controls to ensure security and integrity

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Evolution of Database Technology
Resources in two types
Physical resources
Conceptual resources

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Database?
What is a database?
A database is a collection of related data
(examples???)

What is a DBMS (Database Management System)

Set of programs to access the data
Is a software package designed to create and maintain databases
(examples?)

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Places Where databases are used
• Banks: ATM
• Airlines: reservations, schedules
• Universities: registration, grades
• Sales: customers, products, purchases
• Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
• Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions
•Databases touch all aspects of our lives

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File Oriented System
file oriented system is manual file maintain system that keep records in hard
bind documents.

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Limitations file processing Systems
Data redundancy
Inconsistent data
Inflexibility
Limited data sharing
Poor data control
Data dependency & Excessive program maintenance
Security problems
Data isolations

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The Database Approach
The database approach is a way in which data is stored within a computer. It is
organized into various charts that are accessed by a variety of computer
applications from different locations. Databases are composed of a variety of
information that is pertinent and relevant to the organization that is using the
database

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Benefits of Database Approach
Minimal data redundancy
Consistency of data
Flexibility
Sharing of data
Data control
Data independency and reduce program maintenance.
Proper security
Integration of Data
Ease of application development

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Component of Database System
Hardware
Software
People
Data

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