Introduction

to Database
 Content

Lecture
 Introduction Database
 Introduction Database Management
System
 File System Vs Database
Management System

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 Introduction (CO1)

What is Data ?
Data : is the raw facts and figures. It is represented
with the help of characters like alphabets(A-Z),
digits(0-9) and special characters (+,-,/,*,<,>,= etc.)
Example : 36 , Ravi,

What is Information ?
Information : Processed data is called information.
it is a set of organized or classified data so that it
has some meaningful values.
Example : Age 36 is information, Name of
Person is Ravi

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 Introduction to Databases (CO1)

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 Introduction to Databases (CO1)
contd..

Good data management is an essential prerequisite to

corporate success.
Data Information
Information Knowledge
Knowledge Judgement
Judgement Decision
Decision Success
provided that data is:
• Complete
• Accurate
• Timely
• Easily available
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 Introduction to Databases (CO1)
Contd….
What is Data Base?
 Database made up of two separate
words, i.e. Data and base means
database is a base of data.
 Database is a collection of related
data organized in a way that data can
be easily accessed, managed and
updated.
 Database actually a place where
related piece of information is stored
and perform various operation can
be performed on it.

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 Introduction to Databases (CO1)
Contd….

What is Data Base Management System (DBMS)?

 A database Management System is a collection of

programs that enables users to create and maintain a
database.

 DBMS is a general purpose software system that

facilitate the process of defining , constructing ,
manipulation and sharing database among various users
and application.

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 Introduction to Databases (CO1)
Contd….

Contd..
 Defining a database involves specifying the data types,
structures and constraints for the data to be stored in the
database.

 Constructing the database is the process of storing the

data itself on some storage medium.

 Manipulating a database includes querying the database

to retrieve the information, updating the database and
generating the report form.

 Sharing a database allows multiple users and programs

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to access the database concurrently 8
 Introduction to Databases (CO1)
Contd….

Contd..
Other important functions provided by the DBMS include -
protecting the database and maintaining it over a long
period of time.

 Protection includes system protection against hardware or

software malfunctions and security protection against
unauthorized or malicious access.

 Maintenance includes allowing the system to evolve as

requirements changes over time.

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 Why use DBMS ?(CO1)

• Data independence and efficient

access.
• Reduced application development
time.
• Data integrity and security.
• Uniform data administration.
• Concurrent access, recovery from
crashes.

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 Application of DBMS (CO1)

• Banking Sector- For customer information,

account activities, payments, deposits, loans, etc.

• Airlines Sector- For reservations and schedule

information.

• Universities Sector- For student information,

course registrations, colleges and grades.

• Telecommunication Sector- It helps to keep call

records, monthly bills, maintaining balances, etc.

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 Application of DBMS (CO1)
contd..

• Finance Sector- For storing information about stock, sales, and

purchases of financial instruments like stocks and bonds.

• Sales Sector- Use for storing customer, product & sales

information.

• Manufacturing Sector- It is used for the management of

supply chain and for tracking production of items. Inventories
status in warehouses.

• HR Management Sector- For information about employees,

salaries, payroll, deduction, generation of paychecks, etc.

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 DBMS (CO1)

EXAMPLES
IBM
DB2

Microsoft SQL Server SAP Sybase ASE

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 File System vs. DBMS

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 File System vs. DBMS

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 Purpose of Database Systems (CO1)

 In the early days, database applications were built directly on

top of file systems
 Drawbacks of using file systems to store data:
Data redundancy and inconsistency
Multiple file formats, duplication of information in
different files
Difficulty in accessing data
Need to write a new program to carry out each new task
Data isolation — multiple files and formats
Integrity problems
Integrity constraints (e.g. account balance > 0) become
“buried” in program code rather than being stated
explicitly
01-11-2022 Hard to add new constraints or change existing ones 16
 SUMMARY

• DBMS used to maintain, query large datasets.

• Benefits include recovery from system crashes, concurrent access,

quick application development, data integrity and security.

• Levels of abstraction give data independence.

• A DBMS typically has a layered architecture.

• DBAs hold responsible jobs and are well-paid!

• DBMS R&D is one of the broadest, most exciting areas in CS.

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 Daily QUIZ

1. What is a database?

a) Organized collection of information that cannot be accessed,

updated, and managed
b) Collection of data or information without organizing
c) Organized collection of data or information that can be accessed,
updated, and managed
d) Organized collection of data that cannot be updated
Ans: c)

2. Which type of data can be stored in the database?

a) Image oriented data
b) Text, files containing data
c) Data in the form of audio or video
d) All of the above
Ans: d)

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