oar RUCTURAL reel DESIGN Jack C. McCormac Stephen F. CsernakSTRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN FIFTH EDITION JACK C. McCORMAC STEPHEN F. CSERNAK Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney HongKong Seoul Singapore Taipei TokyoVice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J Horton Executive Euitor: Holly Stark Editorial Assistant: Willan Opaluch Vice President, Production: Vince O’Brien Senior Managing Editor Seou Disanno Production Liaison: Greg Dulles Production Euitor:Pavithra Jayapaul, TexTech Iniermational Operations Specialist: Lise McDowell Executive Marketing Manager: Tim Galligan ‘Market Assistant Jon Byrant ‘Art Editor: Greg Dulles ‘Composition Full-Service Project Management: TexTech International Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc, Upper Saddle Rive, New Jerse 07458. lights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America This publication is protected by Copyright and permissiors should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in retrieval system, or transmission in any “orm of by any means, eletronie, mechanics, photocopying, recording or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material fom this work, please submit a written request fo Pourson Higher Education, Permissions Department, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, “The author and publisher of ths book have used their hes efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine thir effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty ‘fany kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained inthis book. The author and publisher shall not be able in any event for incidental or consequential damage furnishing, performance, or use ofthese programs sonnection with, or arising out the Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCormac, Jack C. ‘Structural steel design / Jack C. McCormae, Stephen F. Csernak. ~ Sth ed, poem. ISBN-13:978-0-13-607948-4 ISBN-10: 013-607948.2 1, Building, kon and steel—Textbooks. 2. Stee! ‘TAss4.M25 2011 asi 62 ructural—Textbooks, 1. Csemak, Stephen FM, Title 201010788 Prentice Hall is an imprint of 0967654321 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-bO7948-4 www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN-10: 0-13-b07948-2 PEARSONPreface This textbook has been prepared with the hope that its readers will, as have so many engi- neers in the past, become interested in structural stee! design and want to maintain and increase their knowledge on the subject throughout their careers in the engineering and construction industries. The material was prepared primarily for an introductory course in the junior or senior year but the last several chapters may be used for a graduate class, The authors have assumed that the student has previously taken introductory courses in mechanics of materials and structural analysis. The authors’ major objective in preparing this new edition was to update the text to conform to both the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings and the 14th edition of the AISC Steel Construction Manual published in 2011 WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION Several changes to the text were made to the textbook in this edition: 1. End of chapter Problems for Solution have been added for Chapter 1 of the textbook 2. The load factors and load combinations defined in Chapter 2 of the textbook and used throughout the book in example problems and end of chapter problems for solution have been revised to meet those given in the ASCE 7-10 and Part 2 of the AISC Steel Construction Manual. 3. The classification of compression sections for local buckling defined in Chapter 5 of the textbook has been revised to the new definition given in Section Bd. of the new AISC Specification. For compression, sections are now classified as non-slender clement or slender element sections. 4. The AISC Specification provides several methods to deal with stability analy- s and the design of beam-columns. In Chapter 7 of the textbook, the Effective Length Method (ELM) is still used, though a brief introduction to the Direct Analysis Method (DM) has been added. A more comprehensive discussion of the DM is reserved for Chapter 11 of the text. 5. In Chapter 11 of the textbook, both the Direct Analysis Method and the Effective Length Method are presented for the analysis and design of beam-columns. This, is to address the fact that the presentation of the Direct Analysis Method was moved from an appendix to Chapter C of the new AISC Specification while the Effective Length Method moved from Chapter C to Appendix 7. 6. Most of the end of chapter Problems for Solution for Chapters 2 through 11 have been revised. For Chapters 12 through 18 about half the problems have been revised 7. Various photos were updated throughout the textbookiv Preface The authors would like to express appreciation to Dr. Bryant G, Nielson of Clemson University for his assistance in developing the changes to this manuscript and to Sara Elise Roberts, former Clemson University graduate student, for her assistance in the review of the end of chapter problems and their solutions, In addition, the American Institute of Steel Construction was very helpful in providing advance copies of the AISC Specification and Steel Construction Manual revisions, Finally, we would like to thank our families for their encouragement and support in the revising of the manuscript of this textbook. We also thank the reviewers and users of the previous editions of this book for their suggestions, corrections, and criticisms. We welcome any comments on this edition. Jack C, MeCormae, PE. Stephen F. Csernak, PE,Contents Preface CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Structural Steel Design 1d 12 13 14 1s 16 17 18 19 1.10 Lad 1.12 1.13 114 1.15 1.16 47 118 119 1.20 1.21 Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material Early Stee Metric Units Cold-Formed Light-Gage Steel Shapes Stress-Strain Relationships in Structural Stee! Modern Structural Steels Uses of High-Strength Steels Measurement of Toughness Jumbo Sections Lamellar Tearing Furnishing of Structural Steel ‘The Work of the Structural Designer Responsibilities of the Structural Designer Economical Design of Steel Members Failure of Structures Handling and Shipping Structural Stee! Calculation Accuracy Computers and Structural Steel Design Problems for Solution CHAPTER 2 Specifications, Loads, and Methods of Design 24 22 23 24 Specifications and Building Codes Loads Dead Loads Live Loads Ree 12 13 19 2 26 26 27 30 31 31 34 37 a7 37 38 39 39 41 4L 42vi Contents 27 28 2.9 2.10 211 2.12 213 2.14 2.15 Environmental Loads Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD) Nominal Strengths Shading ‘Computation of Loads for LRFD and ASD Computing Combined Loads with LRFD Expressions Computing Combined Loads with ASD Expressions ‘Two Methods of Obtaining an Acceptable Level of Safety Discussion of Sizes of Load Factors and Safety Factors Author's Comment Problems for Solution CHAPTER 3 Analysis of Tension Members 3. 32 37 38 Introduction Nominal Strengths of Tension Members Net Areas Effect of Staggered Holes Effective Net Areas Conneciing Elements for Tension Members Block Shear Problems for Solution CHAPTER 4 Design of Tension Members 41 42 43 44 45 46 Selection of Sections Built-Up Tension Members Rods and Bars Pin-Connected Members Design for Fatigue Loads Problems for Solution CHAPTER 5 Introduction to Axially Loaded Compression Members 51 52 53 34 55 5.6 57 58 59 5.10 General Residual Stresses Sections Used for Columns Development of Column Formulas ‘The Euler Formula End Restraint and Effective Lengths of Columns Stiffened and Unstiffened Elements Long, Short, and Intermediate Columns Column Formulas Maximum Slenderness Ratios 59