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THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

AMONG THE FEMALE STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

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ABSTRACT

This research work is carried out to find out the causes of

teenage pregnancy among female student in Oredo Local

Government Area in Edo State. It deals with the purpose of

the study, which is to find out the problems teens are facing

concerning unwanted pregnancy and unwed parenthood. To

suggest ways of helping any youth facing the dilemma of

unwed parenthood as well as practical suggestions for

adolescents in avoiding the pitfall of being pregnant. Related

literature was reviewed and questionnaires were administered.

It was observed that most students drop out from secondary

school as a result of teenage pregnancy the summary

recommendation and conclusion researcher was able to find

out that adolescent from neglected families or broken home

lead to teenage pregnancy. It was also detected that lack of

exposition, lack of family guidance and bad company

contribute a lot to teenage pregnancy. Based on the above

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findings, it was recommended that since the parents has a

greater role to play in the life of adolescent therefore parents

should maintain stable and positive relationship with their

children. And also parents encourage deep religious spiritual

affiliation and realistic academic expectation.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This project is to look into the causes and effects of

teenage pregnancy among the female students and how it

affects academic performance. Millions of children return from

empty house because both parents are of the working class,

which makes many teenagers less parented. Dorland medical

dictionary for health consumer (2007) states that teenage is

the period between puberty and the completion of physical

growth, roughly from 11 to 19 years of age adolescent.

According to Mosby’s medical dictionary (2007) Elsevies

also states that teenage is the period in development between

the onset of puberty and adulthood. It usually begins between

1 and 13 years of age with the appearance of secondary sex

characteristics and spans the teenage years, terminating at 18

to 20 years with the completion of the development of the

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adult form. During this period the individual undergoes

extensive physical, psychological, emotional, and personality

changes. Teenagers face daily pressure from peers, they are

exposed to influence of TV, movies, the music industry and

internet etc. he further stated that, pregnancy as the state of

carrying a developing embryo or feotus within the female

body. This condition can be indicated by positive result, on an

over the counter, urine test and confirmed through a blood,

ultrasound, detection of fetal heartbeat or an x-ray. Pregnancy

lasts for about nine months measured from the date of the

woman’s last menstrual period (LMP). It is conventionally

divided into three trimesters, each roughly three months long.

The most important task of basic fetal cell differentiation occur

during the first trimester, so any harm to the fetus during this

period is most likely to result in miscarriage or serious

disability can survive outside. The womb, even with the best

hospital care, its system are simply too underdeveloped.

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According to Slater Jon (2000) teenage pregnancy is referred

to as the premature pregnancy of female children that is yet to

attain the maturity and ripe age for marriage. Dysfunctions

families have set the stage for teenage pregnancy. Many

parents felt that young ones will be taught sex education in

school both in school and at home.

National population commission, Nigeria demographic

and health survey 2004, Abuja Nigeria 2006 said that the

Nigerian birth rate for adolescents is one of the highest in the

world and is common among female adolescents in Nigeria of

sexually transmitted infections STI) including HIV. In cause of

reducing her pregnancy rate by teenagers, including other

problems, Nigerians developed a national reproduction health

risk sexual behaviour during adolescent. However, in this

modern time, young people are now familiar with the

knowledge about sex in Nigeria today, pregnancy and

motherhood mark the end of school attendance and by 16

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years, 20% of female adolescents are either pregnant or have

given birth.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

There are many causes and obstacles which hinders

teenage pregnancy. In these modern society, teenagers do not

need to have computer in their homes before using one, the

use of computer have increased in many countries including

Nigerian sexual materials of all kinds are easily accessible

through the internet. Uncontrolled internet usage also expose

teenagers to pornography and sex chat rooms, some

teenagers are willing to accept sex deliberately taking

advantage of their being poor. Powerful influence of the media

which the teenagers watch on the TV, they are more likely to

practice this behaviour. In real life and have different partners.

Parents do not have a close relationship with their children and

as a result, they find it difficult to confide matters to their

parents about pregnancy and sex education. Some teenagers

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are very curious, and most of them are ignorance of sex

education and to abortion.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

School age girls who are pregnant come from all socio-

economic classes, all race, and all part of the country (rural

and urban areas) many teenagers are facing the dilemma of

unwanted pregnancy and unwedded parenthood parents, the

society, the nation and the world in general are affected

directly and indirectly and their choices will have significant

consequences for the future of their communities, their

country and the rest of the world. The main aim of this project

therefore is designed to help many youth out of their dilemma

of unwanted parenthood as well as practical suggestions for

adolescents in avoiding the pitfalls of being pregnant and

becoming parents suddenly.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

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There is no significant difference between negligence of

children by parents and teenage pregnancy?

There is no significant relationship between teenage

pregnancy and academic performance.

There is no significant difference between parental

background and teenage pregnancy.

There is no significant difference between exposure to

media, computer and teenage pregnancy.

There is no significant difference between knowledge of sex

education (either in school or at home)

There is no significant difference between peer group

influence and teenage pregnancy.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significant of this is the necessity to help teenagers,

makes the right decisions, pick appropriate findings, view

others with valuie or importance and become better mother

and father. Now that there is more controversy and confusing

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as regard sex moral have made this project relevant to our

moral society. It is to the nation making (practical

suggestions) available to all the appropriate time, becomes

next in priority).

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study is restricted to Oredo local government area of

Edo Strate one of the 774 local government area in the

country students differs their sexual behaviour and family

differed also, and the study of data collected from the

adolescents. In schools where less than third of those that

attend the schools are adolescents, the result cannot be

generalized to all adolescents nationwide.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Abortion: Is the removal of expulsion of an embryo or fetus

from the uterus resulting in or caused by death.

Adolescent: A young person age 10-14 years.

Curiosity: The desire to know above a lot of different things.

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Pregnancy: The condition of being pregnant or the period of

time when a woman is pregnant.

Promiscuous: Having sex with a lot of people.

Peer Pressure: A strong pressure imposes by peer group.

Peer: Some one of the same age group, social class etc.

Sex Education: Education in school about the physical

processes and emotions involved in sex.

Teenage motherhood: Someone who give birth between the

age of 13 and 19 or a girl who give birth at her teenage age

some one who is between 13 and 19 years old.

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