1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale

The present invention of a solar-powered stove is a new and useful improvement in the

manual combination of solar lens and solar-powered technology. This improvised stove would

provide a source of free heat for cooking, industrial and other uses of heat but this may only

happen possibly during the daytime because there is a source of sunlight and solar energy. Also, it

provided a process using solar panel, converters, and batteries so that there would be energy

storage and efficient to be used by people during night time.

According to Afedraru (2016), the traditional way of cooking using firewood and charcoal

may now have to be altered by those approaching innovative technologies which means that the

world today is rapidly changing and as the time passes by, a lot of new technologies will emerge

that will make the works faster and a lot easier. In this study, the researchers only used mirrors to

produce heat to cook food and made a great way to utilize the rays of the sun in another way, in

which the rays of the sun were being absorb by the mirror and used it in cooking foods.

Among other renewable energy resources geothermal, wind hydro and tidal, solar energy

was the most abundant. It was free, safe and the most environmentally clean of all types of energy

since it cannot cause pollution (Sharma et., al 2008). Hence, it was very convenient and safe to

use. The study served as evidence that solar power could be utilize in many ways. This study used

the solar in cooking and make use of the resources that were available in the environment. Hence,

there was no contribution of any pollution since there was no application of any chemicals upon

making this product; which made it eco-friendly.

2

Energy consumption for cooking in developing countries was a main component of the

total energy consumption, including commercial and non-commercial energy sources (Sharma

et., al 2008), by means that in some developing countries, they often used more energy sources

for cooking. Also, they used firewood and charcoal, but they also used equipment for energy

sources so that they would be able to avoid scarcity of energy sources for cooking. In this study, it

provided equipment, using other forms of energy source without any contribution of pollution.

With the use of solar energy, this study already furnished a product that harnessed the need for

cooking in some developing countries.

The application of solar cookers was restricted if they were not equipped with energy storage

system since it was impossible to use solar energy in cloudy conditions, evenings and night

(Kenisaren & Mahkamov, 2007). Thus, solar cookers were ineffective during rainy seasons and

nighttime, but this could work with the use of energy storage systems that will keep the reserved

energy until it is use. In this study, the researchers utilized solar power to collect energy during

daytime or sunny season and did not use energy storage system.

The purpose of this study was to provide a cheap, easily controlled and portable method of

giving heat for cooking food and it made use of heat of the sun in another way. This study helped

the society to have environmental friendly equipment to be used for cooking purposes. With the

help of science and engineering applications, it will contribute new knowledge to the researchers

on creating the product.

3

The Problem

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using an improvised solar-powered

stove as equipment in cooking that specifically, it aimed to answer the following question:

1. What is the level of effectiveness of the improvised solar-powered stove regarding;

1.1 Heat Absorption and,

1.2 Cooking Food?

2. What is the relationship between the cooking time and the temperature of the improvised

solar-powered stove?

3. Based on the findings, what are the enhancements needed in establishing the improvised

solar-powered stove?

Hypothesis of the Study

This section explicated the hypotheses correspondingly per each specific problem.

Ho₁: The improvised solar-powered stove ineffectively;

1.1 Absorb heat, and

1.2 Cook food.

Ho₂: There is no significant relationship between cooking time and the temperature of the

improvised solar-powered stove.

4

The Significance of the Study

The findings of the study redounded to benefit the society, specifically to the culinary students,

for household necessities, engineering scholar, the environment and towards future researchers.

Culinary Students. Culinary students were known for their outstanding skills in cooking

food. The current study provided the benefactors an efficient solution and found a better option

in choosing equipment suchlike for cooking. On the other hand, the culinary students attained

durable and affordable improvised solar-powered stove with further ideas on how to handle this

equipment. This equipment was suitable for the benefactors because it offered less effort since all

they needed to do was to turn the solar cooker towards the sun and left until the food was cook.

People. There were some families do not like to spend their money on their kitchen

equipment. The application of improvised solar-powered stove could beneficially provide fewer

expenses and developed an innovative food that was cook to the families who used this

equipment. The assurance of having the possibility of less expenses compared to their regular

costs before could be observed. On the other hand, if the family will have an outdoor family

bonding such as camping or picnic. They got an assurance of comfortability for their food since

the equipment was durable and less obtainable anywhere.

Engineering. For engineering, the current study provided the benefactor information on

how to enhance this investigatory project for further improvement.

Environment. The researchers also considered that environment was one of the primary

benefactors because it was the source of making the stove functional. The improvised solar-

powered stove is an initiative of developing an environmental friendly due to its renewable

source of energy release that reduced carbon fool print and maximized air pollution.
5

Future Researchers. For future researchers, the current study provided the benefactors

a further knowledge about the topic. This study also served as their basis for improving and

enhancing the current study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This section presented the range of the undertaken investigatory project particularly

regarding the duration being conducted and experimented, the specific usage of the materials and

equipment necessary for the realization of the study as well as its subject/sample, procedures

and the best appropriate statistical treatment.

The study was conducted to comprehend the effectiveness of an improvised solar-

powered stove as equipment for cooking. The aspects of this study considered the cooking time

and the degree of temperature. The study has two factors, controlled and uncontrolled variables.

The controlled variable was the cooking time and the temperature of the stove while the

uncontrolled variable was the materials used in the improvised solar-powered stove. To test its

effectiveness, the researchers conducted nine trials for the experiment. This study was only

limited to foods that were easy to cook, and it aimed to cook food. The researchers did not test it

to make the stove that converted light energy to other kinds except heat energy.
6

Definition of Terms

This section presented the contextualized and extended definition of the following words

to understand how they operate about the under developed study.

Anti-electron

Also known as a positron, is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron.

A positron has an electric charge of +1 e, a spin of 1/2 the same as an electron, and has the same

mass. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low

energies, it results in the production of two or more gamma-ray photons.

Heat Absorption

It is the process of absorbing heat. The improvised solar panel stove absorbed the heat

from the sunlight and it made the equipment function.

Improvised Solar-powered Stove

A device that uses the energy from a direct sunlight to heat and cook food. This equipment

is the name of the project investigated by the researchers. The improvised solar-powered stove

that can benefit the society for it provides a cheap, easily controlled and portable method of

giving heat in cooking food.

Infrared radiation

It is a type of electromagnetic radiation, as are radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays,

and microwaves. Infrared (IR) light is the part of the EM spectrum that people encounter most in

everyday life, although much of it goes unnoticed. It is invisible to human eyes, but people can feel

it as heat.
7

Perfect mirror

Perfect mirror is a mirror that utilizes every bit of the light energy and does not produce

waste.

Refraction

The fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc. A process in which light was deflect

upon passing through an oblique interface between one medium to another or through a medium

with varying density.

Reflection

Reflection is the throwing back of a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without

absorbing the energy.

Renewable Energy

It is the energy from a source that was not depleted when used, such as wind or solar

power. The current study did not harm or affect the environment thus it only made the ecosystem

reduced its carbon foot print.

Solar Transmission

Also known transmittance, it refers to the percentage of radiation that can pass through

glazing. Transmittance could define for different types of light or energy, e.g., visible

transmittance, UV transmittance, or total solar energy transmittance.

Transparent heat-mirror films

Which transmit solar radiation but reflects thermal radiation, have potentially necessary

applications in solar or thermal or electric conversion, solar heating, solar photovoltaic

conversion, and window insulation.

8

Transparent phase-matching layer

This combination of layers is chosen to provide a high solar transmission with minimum

loss of thermal radiation.

Thermal energy

It is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules.

The molecules and atoms of a hotter object have more kinetic energy than those of a colder one,

in the form of vibrational, rotational, or, in the case of a gas, translational motion.

Visible light

It is a form of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, as are radio waves, infrared radiation,

ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and microwaves. Visible light was define as the wavelengths that are

visible to most human eyes. This broad range of wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic

spectrum.
9

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

This chapter presented the different related studies or literature needed to validate and

investigate the current study undertaken and to provide comprehensive supporting studies.

Changes are always constant in the world and as the time changes our world also change.

One of these changes is the occurrence of global warming that is also one of the primary issues.

For the people to help lessen the burden on the environment, the researchers came up with a

study that could help the society in their everyday lives. The researchers came up with an

environment-friendly, affordable and convenient improvised solar-powered stove. This section

exhibited and studied regarding the improvised solar-powered stove in which the sunlight and

mirror were the main components in making the equipment.

Substances have the ability and a different capacity of absorbing heat. This ability to

absorb heat was called heat absorption and it was also known as heat transfer, heat flow or heat

exchange. Heat absorption described from the second law of thermodynamics as an endothermic

process; the endothermic process was when an object that absorbed heat (Coswell, 2017).

Similar to the first law of thermodynamics known as the law of conservation of energy stated that

energy could neither be created nor destroyed but could be transform into other forms of energy.

He also stressed the first law of thermodynamics known as the law of conservation of energy

stated that energy could neither be created nor destroyed but could be transform into other

forms of energy(Lucas,2015). Furthermore, this form of kinetic energy could be transfer in three

ways which were conduction, convection, and radiation (Mc Graw-Hill, 2002). According to the
10

geography for kids (1998) to put it in another way, heat entered an object causing for the

temperature of the object to rise, the longer it was exposed to a source of heat the more heat it

absorbs. Also, according to Helmenstine (2018), enthalpy is a way to tell the capacity of a reaction

to do non- mechanical work and capacity of releasing heat. By measuring the change in enthalpy

enables the experts to specify if the reaction absorbed heat (endothermic) or the released heat

(exothermic). Also, along with the chemical process, the value of heat is also quantified and

identified. About the third law of thermodynamics particularly entropy, which focused on the

transfer of thermal energy within the system. The entropy of a closed system might increase or

remain constant. As the heat was add to the system, the molecules and atoms speed up. The

process in a close system might be reversible, yet the original state of the particles could no

longer be attained so the entropy is stable or constant. If the process cannot have been reverse,

the energy is trapped and cannot move to other places, so the entropy of the system increases.

The entropy could be decrease by releasing some of the energy outside the system (Jones, 2017).

Examples of the things that could absorb heat were Crooke’s radiometer, concave mirrors, and

solar furnace, and all of these absorb great amount of heat. Crooke’s radiometer was an apparatus

that consumed greater amount of radiation by a black surface than by a reflecting white surface.

Similarly, concave mirrors could also be used to reflect heat absorption and solar furnace that

consists a concave mirror made it generate extreme heat (Dornsife, 2017). According to Bennett

(2017) like the solar furnace, the heat absorption can be applied in solar panels since these

absorbs heat from the sun and converted into electricity. Furthermore, the book of P. Hall Science

Explorer (2005) it stated that the sun has a light and heat energy that was give off constantly and

this was called solar energy.

A device that was used to absorbed sun rays and converted it to electricity or heat was

called solar panel. Solar panels were a collection of solar cells, through the photovoltaic effect the
11

solar cells can generate electricity or heat. Those cells were arrange in a grid-like pattern on the

solar panel’s surface, and most of it is made up of crystalline silicon solar cells. These were

helpful in combating harmful emission of greenhouse gases which help reduce global warming

that does not cause any form of pollution. Also, solar panels decrease the society’s reliance on

fossil fuels that are only limited sources and traditional power sources. Recently, these were use

in wide-ranging electronic equipment (e.g., calculator) that work if there was sunlight available

(Bennett, 2017). With relation to the solar cells, a panel for solar concentrators and tandem cell

units was invented for supporting a large group of energy collector lenses together with a

corresponding number of solar cell units. A large number of solar or radiant energy collectors

and corresponding number of electrically connected tandem solar cell units were house with

lightweight backplane panel. These cells collect the solar radiation and converts it into heat

energy (Fraas, Mansoori, et al., 1992). Another study in the field of engineering by Kalogirou

(2004) used solar water heating, and it was the conversion of sunlight into heat for heating water

that used solar thermal collector. The apparatus was compromise with thermosyphon and it is a

method of passive heat exchange. There was also the integrated collector storage, direct and

indirect systems, and space heating cooling. With the help of other chemistry applications, and

renewable resources were also use, the system created was a solar thermal collector. A solar

thermal collector was a device that captured solar radiation and collected heat through sunlight

absorption. Also, solar panels could be also use in stoves. According to Steinorth (1998), a solar

lens can be assembled in a stove, an invention that compromised with a solar assembly for

heating with the help of solar energy. The solar lens was use in the solar assembly that collected

solar energy, it directs the energy to the stove. As the solar lens was position it was also

contemplated by a solar panel or solar collector within. Another similar research shown about a

using heat mirrors in photothermal energy conversion. Heat mirrors was a three-layer system
12

with two independent airspaces. This apparatus was a film suspended and was located inside a

double insulating glass. These heat mirrors were utilize for solar-energy applications. It was used

in photothermal energy conversion since it has high potential significant applications in solar or

thermal or electric conversion, solar heating, solar photovoltaic conversion and window

insulation. Heat mirror films transmitted solar radiation yet reflected thermal radiation

(Boiadjiev, Dobrikov, et al., 2007).

A mirror was commonly known as an object that reflected light energy. The energy that

was being release by the sun was reflect by a mirror in which not all were being reflected instead

of being absorbed (Davidson, 2015). According to Schetcher (1998), mirrors such as the most

common metallic mirror were known to waste energy because some was being absorb. To solve

this problem, they invented the dielectric mirror which known as “perfect mirror.” The perfect

mirror was composed of a combination of the newly discovered two types of mirrors that

reflected light at any angle without wasting energy. The newly invented mirror will help the

society not only to save money but to utilize every bit of energy and use it in many forms such as

cooking or lighting a house. Another mirror was discovered during 1974. The transparent heat-

mirror was built from discrete and continuous layer of metallic silver in between transparent

anti-electron layer and a transparent phase-matching layer was a very excellent invention. Also,

the invention gave off great amount of thermal energy which is ideal for huge companies that

need this type of energy and even people who lived in a cold country. This type of mirror was said

to provide high solar transmission and was very effective in trapping solar energy (Fan& Bachner,

1974). Also, according to Woodford (2018) emphasized that as the light strikes into the mirror;

photons are being absorbed by the other silver atoms behind the glass and become excited. The

photons are trying to become stable to remove excess energy by reflecting the photons back. The

black coating behind the mirror prevents light from striking from behind to the mirror. In some
13

cases, Brocker (2006) stressed that silver glass mirror was an ordinary mirror coated with silver

which produced images by reflection. It reflects more red and yellow tones and provides warmer

images, and widely used for decorative purposes suchlike furniture. This mirror has 2000 nm

wavelength, the highest reflectivity in the visual to near-infrared in any metal. It can reflect up to

98-99% of light but loses reflectivity at wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. It was also indicated by

Deziel (2018) that dark-colored objects tend to absorb few numbers of different wavelengths

from light energy than white or light-colored objects because it reflects most of the wavelengths,

that was why darker objects heat up faster under the sun.

A stove is flat kitchen equipment that produced thermal energy. Most stoves need to burn

fuel to be use for cooking or heating food. Some of the equipment used gas tanks, this is widely

known as “gas stove.” A newly invented stove was designed to utilize solar energy to produce

thermal energy and cook food. Fresnel lenses were used to make this project possible. This new

technology is very convenient because it is very safe and efficient, it is also cheap and is available

everywhere. This system was said to demonstrate the possibility of transferring heat using a

working fluid for indoor heating, yet it was still undergoing for development (Valmiki & Peiwen,

et al., 2010). According to Jarvinen (1978), another type of mirror was also discover called as

transparent heat mirrored solar panel, these were the films that does not only transmit visible

light but also reflected infrared radiation. This type of mirror was used in predicting the efficiency

of indecent sun level and operated the efficiency of operating temperature. After the invention of

this type of mirror, it was being used widely for useful purposes such as cooking.

One way of measuring the capacity of heat absorption was through its temperature. As the

temperature increases, the capacity of heat absorption increases. In the book of silver Burdett,

science stated that temperature was a measure of the speed of the particles. The heat caused the
14

particles in matter to move faster. The faster the particles in matter move, the higher the

temperature. It could be measure by how hot or cold matter it was. A study of Knapp, et al. (1996)

emphasize some types of thermometer to measure its degree of hotness and coldness of a

substance. A liquid thermometer defined as a type of thermometer wherein the liquid inside the

thermometer becomes bigger or expand as they get warm and shrink or contract when they get

colder. The liquid was trap in a small tube, and this made changes easy to be seen. Most of the

liquid, could expand by rising the tube. The height of the liquid in a tube could tell how warm the

air was. The current study used the application of liquid thermometer to measure the capacity of

heat absorption inside the solar-powered stove.

With the new information acquired from recent studies from other researchers, it

concluded another use of mirrors. Through the help of science and engineering applications,

there are stoves that were built containing mirrors. Mirrors were also considered as a substitute

to a solar panel since it could convert sunlight into heat. In some studies, some solar panels were

composed of mirrors and solar cells; this led to the concept that a mirror used as a cheaper

substitute of a solar panel. This equipment releases heat by converting the reflected light energy

into heat energy. The information acquired, made the researchers came up with new knowledge

of designing mirrors as an energy collector and converter for the improvised solar-powered stove

since it can visualize an environmental friendly equipment that could help the society by using

cheap materials that could be found in the environment and use natural, free and abundant

energy.
15

Conceptual Framework

In this section, the process of the research about the improvised solar-powered stove and the

supporting studies was shown in a schematic diagram. The diagram was shown in Figure 1

below;

 First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation

of Energy)
 Second Law of Thermodynamics (Heat Absorption)
 Third Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy)

Concepts:
 Solar Panel (Ben-
nett,2017)
 Basic Properties of Mir-
ror(Davidson, 2015)
Variables:
Product made:
 Solar Powered  Cooking time
Stove  Temperature
of the stove
 Materials that
is used in the
stove

Analysis of Results

Conclusion

Recommendation

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

16

As showed in Figure 1, the concepts that supported this study were the solar panel and

primary properties of the mirror. The study of Bennett (2017) talked about solar panel, its

functions, and uses. Solar-powered equipment has a concept similar to solar panels which used

energy from the sunlight and converted it into other forms of energy. The only difference was that

solar panels have solar cells for it to work. Also, the study of Davison (2015) about the basic

properties of a mirror which emphasized, some light energy from the mirror was not reflected

though was absorbed. Therefore, it utilizes solar power respectively. The improvised solar-

powered stove applied the first law of thermodynamics known as Law of Conservation of Energy.

According to Lucas (2015), the first law of thermodynamics known as the law of conservation of

energy stated that energy could neither be created nor destroyed but could be transform into

other forms of energy. It also applied the second law of thermodynamics, according to Coswell

(2017) Heat absorption is described by the second law of thermodynamics as an endothermic

process; the endothermic process was when an object that absorbs heat. It was also stated by

Helmenstine (2018) that through measuring the change in enthalpy, it specified if the reaction

performs an endothermic or exothermic process. The other one was the third law of

thermodynamics which stressed about entropy. Entropy is the quantitative measure within the

system that focuses on the transfer of thermal energy within the system (Jones, 2017). About the

improvised solar-powered stove, it contained a mirror that absorbed solar energy and was

convert into heat energy or thermal energy. Another solar energy was absorbed since it is also

composed with heat energy coming from the sun and according to the book of P. Hall Science

Explorer (2005), it stated that the sun has a light and heat that was give off continuously and this

was called solar energy. The heat energy that was absorbed or converted from solar energy, was

transferred to the mirror that cooked the food. The cooking time and the temperature of the stove

were measured and varied as the dependent variable. On the other hand, the materials used in
17

making the improvised solar-powered stove served as the independent variable of the study. The

equipment was tested to its capabilities and limits to determine its effectiveness. From the results

gathered were analyzed then the conclusions and recommendations were formulated.
18

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the methods to be applied in the study and described the

procedures and materials were utilized and the statistical treatment of the data that were

gathered in conducting the study.

This study determined the effectiveness of an improvised solar-powered stove as

equipment in cooking using solar energy and by observing the preparation that was made by the

researchers.

Research Design

The research design of this study is a quantitative experimental research; a quantitative

research is an experimental investigation of a certain phenomenon using statistical and

mathematical techniques. According to Bryman and Bell (2007) cited from UK essays (2015) a

quantitative research is an adopted research strategy used for writing academic papers. The

adaptation of this method allows the researcher to gather facts and not the abstract aim of the

study. Experimental research was concerned primarily with cause and effects relationships in

studies that involved manipulation or control of the independent variables and measurement of

the dependent variables. Similarly, it was stated by Blakstad (2008) that an experimental

research design is called a true experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable and

control or randomizes the other variables present in an experiment. Hence, this study is a

quantitative experimental research since the data gathered were quantifiable and the researchers

can manipulate or control its variable.

19

Research Locale and Environment

The research environment of this study was conducted in an open space or open area. The

open area where the researchers conducted the experiment was on the rooftop of the house at

V.I.C.S.O. Tipolo, Mandaue City. The researchers chose this place since it was the nearest location

from school among the residences of the researchers. This place was fitted in conducting the

experiment. An open area was suited to perform the experiment since the egg was not disturbed.

The improvised solar-powered stove was placed under the direct sunlight without any barriers

that could create shade in which it blocked the supply of solar energy that was utilized by the

stove. Moreover, the setting is the home of one of the researchers, thus, construction of models,

the collection of data will be much easier because the researchers are aware of the place and

lastly the safety of the researchers was observed clearly.

20

Material/Equipment

The following are the materials and equipment utilized in the undertaken study.

MATERIALS ACTUAL IMAGES QUANTITY/ DESCRIPTIONS

SIZE AND USES

Ordinary
Plain Mirror
(Silver Glass four pieces of
Mirror) ordinary plain
Three pieces mirrors formed into
(12in x 16in) a cube-like
& structure, in which
One piece solar energy could
(15in x 19in) be easily absorbed
and converted into
thermal energy to
cook food

Aluminum
Foil
aluminum foil was
wrapped on the
plywood and served
as the base of the
One roll (5 improvised solar-
meters) powered stove that
insulated the
converted heat by
the improvised solar-
powered stove
21

Transparent covered the food to

Plastic One roll prevented food
Wrapper (30cm x contamination
30cm)

Ceramic
Plate/ Bowl
Is a broad and
concave vessel in
One piece which where the
(13.5 cm in food was being
Diameter) placed and cooked

Vulca Seal
an elastomeric and
solvent-release
temperature curing
One sachet/ sealant used to
pack connect the mirrors
and attached it to
the foil base to hold
it in place
22

Thermometer One piece Is a closed glass

containing mercury
that measured the
temperature of the
environment and
temperature of the
improvised solar-
powered stove

Is a hard-shelled
Egg Nine pieces food produced by
domestic chicken
that is used to test
whether the solar
panel stove could
really cook food

Plywood One piece Is a flat piece of

(17in x 22in) wood that was used
to as the base of the
improvised solar-
powered stove
23

A device that
Watch One piece showed the specific
cooking time of the
food

Research Procedure

CREATING THE IMPROVISED SOLAR-POWERED STOVE

First, prepare the materials needed in making the improvised solar-powered stove; three

identical-sized ordinary mirrors (12in x 16in) and one identical-sized ordinary mirror (15in x

19in), plastic wrapper (30cm x 30cm), 5-meter roll of aluminum foil, plywood (17in x 22in), vulca

seal, thermometer and a ceramic plate (13.5 cm in diameter). A 5-meter roll of aluminum foil and

plywood (17in x 22in) were used in building the base of the stove and covered the plywood with

the foil. Next, the four identical-sized ordinary mirrors were formed into a box or cube leaving the

top and bottom portion open. Each side of the silver mirror must be pasted into the base of the

stove with vulca seal and made sure that each side were all covered with it. Leave mirror box for a

while until the vulca seal was completely dry.

Safety Precautions

Upon creating the improvised solar-powered stove, it required attentiveness and extra

care in handling the materials especially the mirror. It includes the physical contact on the edges
24

of the mirror and sharp equipment to avoid injuries. Furthermore, upon allocating the stove on

its experiment area, be mindful to avoid risk.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Upon gathering the data, the first thing done was to prepare the set- up of improvised

solar panel stove, egg, a thermometer and watch was used in the experiment. Before starting, the

temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove was measured using a thermometer and was

recorded. At twelve o’clock in the noon, the improvised solar-powered stove was pre-heated for

thirty minutes. After preheating, its temperature was measured using the thermometer and

again was recorded. For food preparation, the egg was cracked and was put it on a ceramic plate.

Next, it was covered with a plastic wrap (for food) and was placed inside the improvised solar-

powered stove. The set- up was left in an open- area under a direct sunlight. Using the watch,

cooking was recorded. After waiting for a couple of hours, after the egg was cooked, the cooking

time was also recorded. Meanwhile, the temperature of the stove was measured with a

thermometer and was recorded. With that, the product was set aside for further observation.

This procedure was repeated eight times for a total of nine trials.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In this study, the researchers used Pearson’s Correlation as the statistical treatment since

the experiment correlated the two variables which answered the second problem statement.

According to Calmorin (1977) that Pearson’s Correlation was used to determine the relationship

between two quantitative, continuous variables. In other words, this was to seek if each variable

were correlated with each other.

25

A scatterplot was a starting point in doing the analysis. The Pearson’s Correlation was

categorized into three categories; positive correlation, negative correlation and no correlation.

Positive correlation tended to increase and the data lines on a straight line on a positive

slope. On the other hand, negative correlation tended to decrease and the data lines on a straight

line on a negative slope. No correlation; does not tend to increase or decrease and there was no

linear relationship between the variables. After having the scatterplots and determining its

category, a statistical measure was needed to identify the strength of the association between the

two variables. This statistical measured was Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r). To find the

Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r), use the formula;

26

When r= ± 1 it has a perfect correlation with the points being in a perfectly straight line

that indicated a perfect relationship between the variables. Furthermore, when the value of

Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) was closer to ± 1 then there was a higher relationship

between the two variables. There were different interpretations of the value of r and these were

the following interpretations;

r (±) Interpretation

1.00 Perfect Positive/ Perfect Negative

Correlation
0.81- 0.99 Very Strong/ Very High
0.61- 0.80 Strong/ High
0.41- 0.60 Moderate/ Substantial
0.21- 0.40 Low/ Slight
0.01- 0.20 Very Low/ Negligible
0 No Correlation

The study used Pearson’s Correlation to see the relationship between the two variables.

These two variables were the temperature of the stove and cooking time. In this study, the

independent variable was materials used in the improvised solar-powered stove and the

dependent variable was the temperature of the stove and cooking time.
27

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This section showed the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered. The

following were discussions that answered the problems of the study.

The Level of effectiveness of the improvised solar-powered stove regarding of Heat

Absorption and Cooking Food

Table 1 presented the temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove before and after

direct exposure to the sunlight in each trial.

Table 1. Table of the Recorded Temperature of the Improvised Solar-powered Stove Before

and After Direct Exposure to Sunlight

TRIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE IMPROVISED SOLAR-

POWERED STOVE (C )

BEFORE AFTER
1ST Trial 30C 37C

2nd Trial 31C 38C

3rd Trial 31C 41C
4th Trial 30C 38C
5th Trial 31C 38C
6th Trial 32C 40C
7th Trial 32C 42C

8th Trial 31C 39C

9th Trial 30C 38C

Based on table 1, it showed the data of the temperature of the improvised solar-powered

stove before and after direct exposure to sunlight consisting nine trials. The temperature

difference before and after the stove was exposed to direct sunlight was calculated. The difference
28

in the temperature proved that the improvised solar-powered stove could effectively absorb heat,

therefore Ho₁.₁ was rejected

Table 2. Table of the Recorded Cooking Time of the Egg

TRIAL COOKING TIME (Mins)

168 mins
1st Trial
156 mins
2nd Trial
129 mins
3rd Trial
144 mins
4th Trial
162 mins
5th Trial
131 mins
6th Trial
113 mins
7th Trial
151 mins
8th Trial
159 mins
9th Trial

Based on table 2, it showed the data of the cooking time about having nine trials. The

longest cooking time of the egg was 168 minutes, and the shortest was 113 minutes. On the hand,

the total cooking time of the egg proved that the improvised solar-powered stove could cook food.

The improvised stove could effectively cook food, therefore Ho₁.₂ was rejected.
29

Relationship Analysis for Temperature of Improvised Solar-powered Stove and Cooking

Time

The researchers implied that the improvised solar-powered stove effectively absorbs heat

and cook food. According to the book of P. Hall Science Explorer (2005), it stated that the sun has

a light and heat energy that was given off constantly and this is called as solar energy. The solar

energy was absorbed in the improvised solar-powered stove and was converted into heat or

thermal energy. About to the study of Lucas (2015), the Law of Conservation of Energy stated that

energy could neither be created nor destroyed but could be transformed into other forms of

energy. Also, according to Coswell (2017), heat absorption was described by the second law of

thermodynamics as an endothermic process; the endothermic process was when an object that

absorbed heat. In this study, the mirror absorbed solar energy and converted it into heat energy.

Based on tables 1 and 2, the measured temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove

proved that it could absorb solar energy and converted it into heat energy. For cooking food, the

cooking time was measured. This cooking time proved that the egg could be cooked using the

improvised solar-powered stove. The stove was solar-powered, it absorbed the reflected light and

converted into heat energy, and therefore it can cook food. About the third law of

thermodynamics particularly entropy, it was stated by Jones (2017) that entropy is a quantitative

measurement which focused on the transfer of thermal energy within the system. Hence, the heat

energy was transferred within the stove that cooked the egg. Furthermore, the stove’s color was

black so that it can absorb more heat energy from the sun. According to Deziel (2018); dark-

colored objects tend to absorb few numbers of different wavelengths from light energy than

white or light-colored objects because it reflects most of the wavelengths, thus darker objects

heat up faster under the sun. In general, the stove is effective in absorbing heat since some of the

energy received by the mirror from the sun was collected and converted into thermal or heat
30

energy that was transferred within the system inside the stove and with the help of the stove’s

color that also helped in storing heat, and the heat energy from the stove is the one that cooked

the egg.

In Graph 1 presented the recorded temperature of the stove and the cooking time.

Graph 1. Graph of the Recorded Temperature of the Stove and the Cooking Time

180

160

140

120

100
Temperature of the Improvised Solar
Powered Stove C
Cooking Time (minutes)
80

60

40

20

0
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Trial 6 Trial 7 Trial 8 Trial 9
31

Based on graph 1, it displayed the amount of temperature of the improvised solar-

powered stove and the cooking time. There were nine trials, and the highest temperature it

acquired was 42C, and the lowest was 37C. On the other hand, the longest cooking time

recorded was 168 minutes, and the shortest was 113 minutes.

The Relationship between the Temperature of the Improvised Solar-powered Stove and the

Cooking Time

Table 3 showed the statistical analysis of the relationship between the temperature of the

improvised solar-powered stove and the cooking time.

Table 3. Table of the Statistical Analysis of the Computed r and its Description
Variables N (no. Of Computed r Description
trials)

(x)
The temperature of the
Improvised Solar-powered Very high
Stove 9 -0.95 or
(y) Very strong
Total Cooking Time of the
Egg

1.00 -Perfect Positive/ Perfect Negative Correlation

0.81- 0.99 -Very Strong/ Very High
0.61- 0.80 -Strong/ High
0.41- 0.60 -Moderate/ Substantial
0.21- 0.40 -Low/ Slight
0.01- 0.20 -Very Low/ Negligible
0 - No Correlation

A Pearson’s product-moment was computed to determine the relationship between the

temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove and the cooking time to cook the egg. Table 3

showed that there was a very strong or very high correlation between the two variables, r (9) = -
32

0.95. To be specific, the relationship between the two variables was very strong negative

correlation. There was a significant relationship between the temperature of the improvised

solar-powered stove and the cooking time to cook the egg, Ho₂ was rejected.

The researchers implied that there was a relationship between the temperature of the

improvised solar-powered stove and the cooking time. According to Calmorin (1977) that using

Pearson’s Correlation the two variables could be determined if it were related or not. When a

Pearson’s product-moment was negative, then it was categorized as a negative correlation. As the

variables were plotted, the negative correlation would form a negative slope or would show a

decrease in a data line. From the data the researchers gathered, it showed a very strong or very

high negative correlation. The relationship of the temperature of the stove was indirectly

proportional to the cooking time. If the temperature of the stove increases, then the cooking time

decreases. For example, the temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove in the first trial

was 39.5°C and the total cooking time of the egg was 147 minutes. While on the second trial the

stove was only on 35°C and the cooking time it cooked the egg was 196 minutes. Comparing the

two trials the hotter the improvised solar-powered stove, the quicker the egg cooks. In this case,

the egg can be cooked faster if the improvised solar-powered stove has higher temperature since

its heat was the one cooking the egg. In general, the negative correlation of the temperature of the

improvised solar-powered stove and its cooking time to cook the egg proved the relationship

between the two variables. However, when the temperature of the improvised solar-powered

stove was low then the longer it took to cook the egg, and this showed the negative relationship

between the two.

Graph 2 presented the scatter diagram of the data gathered showing the correlation

between the two variables.

33

Graph 2. The Relationship between Temperature of the Stove and Cooking Time

SCATTER DIAGRAM
200
COOKING TIME (minutes)

150

100

50

0
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

TEMPEARATURE OF THE IMPROVISED SOLAR POWERED STOVE (℃)

Based on Graph 2, it showed the scatter plot of the relationship between the temperature

of the improvised solar-powered stove and the cooking time to cook the egg. The highest

temperature which is 42C had the shortest cooking time of the egg and the lowest temperature

which is 37C had the longest cooking time of the egg. The graph forms a negative slope showing

the negative correlation between the two variables.

34

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presented the summary of the research work undertaken, the conclusion

drawn, and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of this study.

Summary
The overall purpose of this study was to have a product that was eco- friendly, effective,

convenient, durable and affordable. This study was also to investigate the effectiveness of using

an improvised solar-powered stove as equipment for cooking. This study was about quantitative

experimental research of an improvised solar-powered stove. It was conducted in an open area so

that it would not be destructed and to provide continuous sunlight. The data is gathered in

making the improvised solar-powered stove, the temperature of the stove and its cooking time.

The temperature of the improvised solar-powered stove was correlated to the cooking time.

This also answered the following questions, respectively;

1. What is the level of effectiveness of the improvised solar-powered stove regarding;

1.1 Heat Absorption and,

1.2 Cooking Food?

2. What is the relationship between the cooking time and the temperature of the improvised

solar-powered stove?

3. Based on the findings, what are the improvements or enhancements needed in establishing

the improvised solar-powered stove?

35

Summary of Findings

After gathering and analyzing the data, it came up with the following findings;

The Level of effectiveness of the improvised solar-powered regarding Heat Absorption and

Cooking Food

1. The improvised solar-powered stove can effectively;

1.1 Absorb heat, and

1.2 Cook food.

The Relationship between the Temperature of the Improvised Solar-powered Stove and the

Cooking Food

2. There is a significant relationship between the cooking time and the temperature of the

improvised solar-powered stove.

The Improvements or enhancements needed in establishing the Improvised Solar-

powered Stove

Based on the findings above, the improvised solar-powered stove needed to imply an

enhancement in establishing its structure. The availability of materials to assemble the stove

which absorbed solar energy was used. The stove must be put with more aluminum foil for good

support in temporary storing the thermal energy. The mirror should be built with support or

stand that was connected to the base for a safer output. The ordinary mirror could also be

replaced with another type of mirror for a greater amount of solar energy to be absorbed. The

edges of the mirror should also be built with a frame for safer use.

Furthermore, the stove could also be remodeled in a way that could help to absorb more solar
36

power and lessen the amount of cooking time.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the improvised solar-powered stove was effective regarding heat

absorption and in cooking food. The collected solar energy from the stove was converted into

heat energy or thermal energy. This energy helps in cooking the food.

Furthermore, there was a relationship between the temperature of the improvised solar-

powered stove and the cooking time. The temperature of the stove was indirectly proportional to

the cooking time. As the temperature of the stove increases, the cooking time decreases. However,

the relationship between the two was a negative correlation since the lower the temperature of

the improvised solar-powered stove the longer it took to cook the food.

It applied the first law of thermodynamics also known as the law of conservation of

energy, the second law of thermodynamics which focused on heat absorption and the third law of

thermodynamics particularly on entropy. The mirror of the improvised solar-powered stove

absorbed solar energy and converted it into heat or thermal energy. Also, with the help of the

stove’s color, there is more heat or thermal energy absorbed. The heat or thermal energy was

suspended within the stove’s system. As the heat was kept inside, it helped in cooking the food.

The researchers made an improvised solar-powered stove that was able to cook food; therefore,

the product made was successful.

37

Recommendation

To enhance this study, the researchers suggested improvements that were based on the

results and data gathered. These were the following suggestions needed to be implied to conduct

the study:

1. Determining the weather conditions for longer cooking time and scheduling dates can help in

conducting the experiment.

2. Availability of other materials that can convert solar energy to heat energy can be applied or

served as a replacement for assembling the improvised stove.

3. Reconstructing the improvised stove can help in the enhancement of establishing the stove.

4. The product can be used not only in cooking but also in heating leftover foods.

5. Test of difference must be performed between the improvised solar-powered stove and the

commercialized stove.

6. Testing the food’s edibility that was cooked in the improvised solar-powered stove was highly

required.

7. In conducting the experiment, the weather temperature should be fair or the same.

8. The findings can be used in review and revisions in continuing the study.
38

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42

APPENDIX A

TRANSMITTAL LETTER

December 15, 2017

Senior High School Department

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We the STEM students of Senior High School Department of University of Cebu-Banilad Campus is

conducting an investigatory project about “Effectiveness of Solar Powered Stove”. We would like

to ask permission to conduct our study outside the campus located at Villanueva Comp. Sacris Rd.

Ext. Tipolo Mandaue, City at Allosada’s Residence. This will be very beneficial to us since it is the

most suitable place to conduct our study. We look forward for your consideration and we will be

glad if you will allow us.

Researchers: Noted by:

Allosada, Heaven Kate Erlrino Jose C. Villarba

Ababon, Mariefiehl Research Instructor
Bakiki, Joseph
Lardes, Jonna Grace
43

Cavan, Lyra Jane Signed By:

Ms. Maleen Grafilo–Ordiz, MAT

Principal, University of Cebu- Banilad

APPENDIX B

Summary of Data

A. Observation Table

TIME TEMPERATURE PRODUCT

(min) (C) ( Yes or No )

CONDITION
DATE

WEATHER
TRIAL

(Month/ Environm

Partially Cooked
Exposure of the

Stove

Totally Cooked
Stove in Direct

Day/ ent

Not Cooked
Sunlight

Year)
Total
Start

End

Before

Before
After

After

168
1st February 12:30 3:18 30 30 30 30 37 Partly
mins No No Yes
Trial 24,2018 P.M. P.M. Mins C C C C Cloudy

2nd February 12:30 3:06 156 30 31 29 31 38 Sunny

No No Yes
Trial 25,2018 P.M. P.M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear

3rd February 12:30 2:39P 129 30 32 32 31 41 Sunny

No No Yes
Trial 26,2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear
4th February 12:30 2:54P 144 30 31 30 30 38 Partly
No No Yes
Trial 27, 2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C Cloudy
5th February 12:30 3:12P 162 30 30 29 31 38 Partly
No No Yes
Trial 28, 2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C Cloudy
6th March 12:30 2:41P 131 30 31 30 32 40 Sunny
No No Yes
Trial 01,2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear
44

7th March 12:30 2:23 113 30 31 32 32 42 Sunny

No No Yes
Trial 02,2018 P.M. P.M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear
8th March 12:30 3:01P 151 30 30 31 31 39 Sunny
No No Yes
Trial 04, 2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear
9th March 12:30 3:09P 159 30 31 31 30 38 Sunny
No No Yes
Trial 05, 2018 P.M. .M. mins Mins C C C C / Clear

B. Table used to determine the r value

X Y
TRIAL (Temperature (Total Cooking Xy x² y²
of the Stove ) Time of the Egg)
1 37 168 6216 1369 28224
2 38 156 5928 1444 24336
3 41 129 5289 1681 16641
4 38 144 5472 1444 20736
5 38 162 6156 1444 26244
6 40 131 5240 1600 17161
7 42 113 4746 1764 12769
8 39 151 5889 1521 22801
9 38 159 6042 1444 25281
n= 9 Σx=351 Σy=1313 Σxy=50978 Σx²=13711 Σy²=194193

C. Solution in finding the r value

𝑛 (Σ𝑥𝑦) − (Σ𝑥 )(Σ𝑦)

𝑟 =
√[𝑛(Σ𝑥 2 ) − (Σ𝑥 )2 ][𝑛(Σ𝑦 2 ) − (Σ𝑦)2 ]

9 (50978) − (351)(1313)
𝑟 =
√[9(13711) − (351)2 ][9(194193) − (1313)2 ]
45

458802 − 460863
𝑟 =
√[123399 − 123201][1747737 − 1723969]
− 2061
𝑟 =
√(198)(23768)
− 2061
𝑟 =
√4706064
− 2061
𝑟 =
2169.346445
𝑟 = −0.95005572
𝑟 = −0.95
46

APPENDIX C

DOCUMENTATION

Trials Cooked Egg (Product)

1st Trial

2nd Trial

3rd Trial
47

4th Trial

5th Trial

6th Trial
48

7th Trial

8th Trial

9th Trial
49

Creating the Improvised Solar Powered Stove

50
51

IMPROVISED SOLAR POWERED STOVE (FINISH PRODUCT)

PLACING THE IMPROVISED SOLAR POWERED STOVE DIRECT TO THE SUNLIGHT

52

COOKING THE EGG

FINISHED PRODUCT OF COOKED EGG

53

Mariefiehl P. Ababon
Little Marikina, Estaca
Compostela, Cebu
mariefiehlababon@gmail.com
(032) 425 8403

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Present Education: University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

 Senior High School STEM Student
 6000, Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
 S.Y. 2016 - 2018
 Secondary Education: La Consolacion College-Liloan
 Poblacion, Lilo-an Cebu
 S.Y. 2012-2016
 Primary Education: Compostela Central School
 Cogon, Compostela Cebu
 S.Y. 2006 – 2012

PERSONAL DATA

 Age: 18 years old

 Sex: Female
 Degree: Senior High School Student
 Civil Status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Citizenship: Filipino
 Date of Birth: November 03, 1999
 Place of Birth: Mandaue City
 Desired Job: Pediatrician / MedTech
 Language Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano
54

ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS

 Girl Scout of The Year at Compostela Central School (2012)

 Best in Sports Attire at Compostela Cebu Summer League (2016)

 Muse of The Year at Compostela Cebu Summer League (2016)

 Ukelele Participant at CICC Mandaue (2012)

 Most Active Club Moderator at La Consolacion College-Liloan (2016)

 MRBOC Moderator of the Year at La Consolacion College-Liloan (2016)

 1st Honor Grade Six Level at Compostela Cebu (2012)

 Consistent Honor Student Elementary Year Grade One to Five

 7Th Honor Grade 10 Level at La Consolacion College- Liloan

 Consistent Honor Student Grade Seven to Nine

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 Parental Consent on Kids Watching Violent Cartoon Movies

 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y. 2016 – 2017 (2nd Semester)

 Level of Professionalism and Degree of Psychological Effects; A Study of Nurses with Deceased Patients
 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 Y. 2017 (1st Semester)

SKILLS

 BOOKEEPING NC III

 Bread and Pastry NC II

 Hardworking and Independent Person

 Good at communication skills

 Good Leadership Skills and Optimistic

 Assertiveness and Accurate Listening

55

 Goal Setting and Planning

 Can work under heavy pressure and good at analyzing things

 Creative and Observative

56

Heaven Kate K. Allosada

Villanueva Comp. Sacris Rd. Ext.

Tipolo Mandaue, City

kateallosad@gmail.com

0921-263-2682

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Present Education:University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

 Senior High School STEM Student
 6000, Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
 S.Y. 2016 - 2018
 Secondary Education: Mandaue City Comprehensive National High School
 Philippines
 2012 – 2016

 Primary Education: Maguikay Elementary School

 Maguikay Mandaue City Cebu, Philippines
 2006 – 2012

PERSONAL DATA

 Age: 17 years old

 Sex: Female
 Degree: Senior High School Student
 Civil Status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Citizenship: Filipino
 Date of Birth: June 10,2000
 Place of Birth: Cebu City
 Desired Job: SecondaryMath Teacher, Architect, Civil Engineer
 Language Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano
57

ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS

 Most Resourceful Character Awardee S.Y. 2015-2016 in Mandaue City Comprehensive National

High School

 Finished Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) at Mandaue City, Comprehensive National

High School in S.Y 2015-2016.

 Champion in Dama for Women- Intramurals year 2016 in University of Cebu- Banilad

 Second Place in Poster Making Contest of Guidance Awareness Year 2016 in University of Cebu-

Banilad

 Awarded with Honors S.Y. 2016-2017 by the Senior High Schoool Depertment in University of

Cebu- Banilad

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 The Use of Dried Corn Silk (StigmataMaydis)As Adsorbent of Lead in Water

Mandaue City Comprehensive National High School
 S. Y. 2015-2016
 Student’s Persistence in Utilizing Wikipedia as Source of Information
 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y.2016 – 2017 (2nd Semester)

 Stress Reduction, Logical Reasoning and Interpersonal Relationship between Online Gamers
 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 Y.2017 (1st Semester)

SKILLS

 Hardworking and dependable

 Optimistic

 Assertiveness and Accurate Listening

 Goal Setting and planning

 Good at analyzing things

 Creative
58

Lyra Jane Cavan

Canduman Housing, Mandaue City
ylarcavan@gmail.com
09361682457

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Present Education: University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

 Senior High School STEM Student
 6000, Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
 S.Y. 2016 - 2018
 Secondary Education: Canduman National High School
 2012 – 2016

 Primary Education: Canduman Elementary School

 2006 – 2012

PERSONAL DATA

 Age: 17 year old

 Sex: Female
 Degree: Senior High School Student
 Civil Status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Citizenship: Filipino
 Date of Birth: June 24, 2000
 Place of Birth: Mandaue City
 Desired Job: Nurse, Doctor, Singer
 Language Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano

ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS

 Best in MAPEH at Canduman National High School (2016)

 2nd Place Nutri Jingle at University of Cebu-Banilad (2017)

59

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 A Qualitative Study of the Life Strategies of the Fire Victims in Barangay Apas, Cebu City
 University of Cebu- Banilad Campus
A. Y. 2016 – 2017 (2nd Semester)

 Family Problems and Intimate Relationship Engagement: Effects on a Student’s Academic Perfor-
mance

 University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

 A. Y. 2017 (1st Semester)

SKILLS

 Music Enthusiast

 Song Writer

 Plays Music Instruments (keyboard, guitar, ukulele, violin)

 Singing

 Painting
60

Jonna Grace S. Lardes

A.S Fortuna St., Banilad,
Mandaue City
jonnagracelardes@gmail.com
09559241824

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
iture
 Present Education: University of Cebu- Banilad Campus
 Senior High School STEM Student
 6000, Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
 S.Y. 2016 - 2018
 Secondary Education: Looc Norte National High School
 Looc Norte, Asturias, Cebu

 2012 – 2016

 Primary Education: Asturias Central Elementary School

 Poblacion, Asturias, Cebu
 2006 – 2012

PERSONAL DATA

 Age: 18 year old

 Sex: Female
 Degree: Senior High School Student
 Civil Status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Citizenship: Filipino
 Date of Birth: November 1, 1999
 Place of Birth: Poblacion, Asturias, Cebu
 Desired Job: Businesswoman, Teacher
 Language Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano
61

ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS

 School Paper Writer (2015-2016)

 With Honors (2012-2016)

 3rd place science quiz written (2015-2016)

 Area Schools Press Conference (2015- 2016)

 1st place science quiz bowl (2013-2014)

 Best in TLE (2013-2014)

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 The Commitment of Students in Focusing STEM Strand

 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y. 2016 – 2017 (2nd Semester)

 Horse Manure as an Alternative Charcoal Briquette

 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y. 2017 (1st Semester)

SKILLS

 Trust-worthy

 Punctual

 Hardworking

 Keen observer
62

Joseph O. Bakiki
Sitio Sampagueta, A.S Fortuna St.,
Banilad, Mandaue City
sephkiki333@gmail.com
09084039432

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

 Present Education: University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

 Senior High School STEM Student
 6000, Gov. M. Cuenco Ave, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
 S.Y. 2016 - 2018
 Secondary Education: San Nicolas School
 Dapa Siargao Island, Surigao Del Norte
 S.Y. 2015-2016

 Primary Education: Sta Cruz Elementary School

 Sta. Cruz General Luna Siargao Island Surigao Del Norte
 S.Y. 2006-2012

PERSONAL DATA

 Age: 18 year old

 Sex: Male
 Degree: Senior High School Student
 Civil Status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Citizenship: Filipino
 Date of Birth: August 29, 1999
 Place of Birth: Sta. Cruz General Luna, Siargao Island, Surigao Del Norte
 Desired Job: Lawyer
 Language Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano, Surigaonon
63

ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS

 2nd Place at Nutri- Jingle at University of Cebu-Banilad Canpus(2017)

 4th Placer overall ranking at San Nicolas School(2016)

 1rd place at Tagisan Ng Talino, Sabayang Pagbigkas, Balagtasan (2015)

 Division Students Press Conference- Director

 2nd Place overall ranking at Sta Cruz Elementary School(2011-2012)

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 Reversion of Missed Experiences among Aged People

 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y. 2016 – 2017 (2nd Semester)

 Pen Color Frequency: Affects towards Academic Perception Level

 University of Cebu – Banilad Campus
 A. Y. 2017 (1st Semester)
SKILLS

 Trust-worthy

 Punctual

 Hardworking

 Good Leadership Skills

 Can work under pressure