Running head: FEDERALISM AND CHARTER SCHOOLS 1

Federalism and Charter Schools

Student Name

Name of Institution
FEDERALISM AND CHARTER SCHOOLS 2

Federalism and Charter Schools

The budget is in an important tool in our day-to-day activities. Governments relies heavily

on the budget to make projections, decisions in order to the deliver social services to its

citizens. From your readings, where does State and City tax revenues comes from?

Revenues can be collected individually from the communal, or public enterprises, the

nobles, aristocrats, tradeoff companies, foreign aid, international relations, or natural resources.

The lack of proper collection of these taxes lead to malfunction of the state government, poverty,

and accepting foreign aid. There is a multiplicity of sources for the state or city government to

accumulate revenues, incomes, and profits generally in the form of taxes and excise. It is the

primary source of government income to generate budgets to provide social amenities and facilities

to its residents. These revenues play a vital part in operative running of a government. These

significantly differ from state to state as per the needs and the government (Smith, 2018).

The state-owned diverse and plentiful natural and artificial resources are a great source of

tax revenue. The government sometimes export these resources to gain higher prices and profits

from the nonresidents. The import and export generate international relations, dealings and

transactions that is an additional way of accumulating taxes, duties, and custom and excise cash.

The government acquire tax outlays like individual income taxes, property taxes, sales and gross

receipts taxes or corporate income taxes from the residents and inhabitants. The corporate income

tax consumes a very trivial percentage of the state-owned revenues. Conversely, they are mainly

funded, and they accumulate vast aggregate of revenues from property taxes (Elliot, 2002).

The personal property taxes obtained from private properties like land, buildings, cars,

boats, or other intimate lodgings. The general sales tax are the taxes applied to all the goods and

services like hunting or fishing license, tickets to cinemas or amusements, permit for the gun,
FEDERALISM AND CHARTER SCHOOLS 3

tobacco, products alcohol or other beverages. Central bank revenue and capital receipts are also a

few types of nontaxable sources. This embraces peripheral loans, mortgages and debts from

monetary institutions form overseas states. These are exceedingly constructive for the income of

the country. Revenues are also subsidized and funded through the endowments from the federal

administration of the state or the city. In today’s world, lotteries have also become a source of

revenue. As on each win, the government receives one-third of the lottery money (Ingraham, Joyce,

& Kneedle, 2003).

Employment is the means to which many Americans receive health care. Identify current

issues in U.S health care. Should New York State collaborate with the Federal Government

and provide health care for all New Yorkers.

Rendering to the world health organisation, the US government expands more on health

care sectors and health units as compared to the other developed countries. However, their system

is deliberated as the utmost costly system, which demonstrates underprivileged adeptness,

impartiality, and access. Even though a hefty portion of the money is consumed on the health care,

it consistently shows the worse performance (Cuomo, 2015).

The primary reason for these problems is the prohibitive and unreasonable high cost of

medications, treatments, cures, surgeons and doctors that are not effortlessly affordable by the

middle class of US. The quality of healthcare is substandard and inadequate for poor people.

Another major issue encountered by the US currently is that the government makes large

investments on the curatives and medications instead of the causes and determinants of health

deterioration like air, water, land, education food, and cleanliness. The diseases and illnesses must

be stopped or prevented beforehand (Cebul, Rebitzer, Taylor, & Votruba, 2008).

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The senior citizens and older people confront numerous complications. They are unable to

comprehend the challenging systems of the hospital. They find problems in paying the medical

bills and acquiring the proper healthcare. During the past year, it was graphed that the uninsured

rate has plummeted at an excessive ratio. According to an investigation, the adults encountered

difficulty and exertion receiving care and attention in a timely approach and consuming the

composite and crowded emergency section whereas a general physician or general practitioner

could effortlessly treat these issues. Each year several people decease because of avertable curative

errors and system inaccuracies (Fontenot, Hsu, & Thakur, 2012).

The employment leads the people to get themselves insured and access the healthcare

facilities provided by the government. Nonetheless, it is often less integrated and organized. These

issues in healthcare can be overcome if the New York states join hands with the federal

government. They are providing with several reviews and appraisals to upgrade the Medicare

improvement and benefit plans. If particular attention is delivered to the services of the doctors

and nurses, any risk of error and penalties are avoided. Hence, the systems are more simplified, an

adequate network is provided, and up to date provider directories are available than current issues

in the healthcare department can be overwhelmed (Cebul, Rebitzer, Taylor, & Votruba, 2008).

Federalism is sharing of responsibilities with the Federal and State Governments. “The No

Child Left Behind Act” (NCLB) is considered an Ad hoc Federalism / New Federalism.

Examine the NCLB and determine if the states and the federal government were in any ways

sharing responsibilities.

Federalism refers to one of the multiple approaches of a single political system in which

the general government is combined with the regional government or the state government. The

power and the authority are distributed among a unitary government and a confederation in which
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state is undoubtedly prevailing. Its primary purpose is to avoid and elude any oppressiveness,

excessive interference of the citizens, scattering authority and making the functioning of the

country more effective and operative (Cuomo, 2015).

In 2001 under the tenure of George Bush, No Child Left behind Act (NCLB) was

authorised in the United States of America to overcome illiteracy, educate each child in the

country, and provision the underprivileged learners. This act empowered the Elementary and

Secondary Education Act 1965 (Sunderman, 2006). It was a federal commandment. Its principal

aim was to make additional requirements for the underprivileged and disadvantaged children in

return of their exceptional scholastic and academic progress, to safeguard their welfare and

protection inapposite schools under the leadership of well-prepared teachers whereas the federal

government has an old routine of surpassing its legal authority going above board of its power

(Sunderman, 2006).

The act of no child left behind was national, and it prolonged the protagonist of the federal

government in the field of American education. The power was divided among the state, federal

government and the local districts. There were doubts, and things were uncertain about the

relationship of the federal government and the state and how things would turn out after the

distribution of the power and authorisation. There were risks of growing conflicts over the

implementation process. There was a sense of dissatisfaction by president George Bush with the

regulatory approach of federalism and states capacity to fulfil the demands. The responsibilities

were shared among the two to bring about harmony in the country and to avoid any tyranny

(Sunderman, 2006).
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Should taxpayers fund Charter Schools? People are suggesting that public schools in major

cities, such like New York, Newark, and Detroit are doing poorly. If public schools are to

remain competitive, public funds should not fund Charter Schools.

The charter schools and the public schools, both collect funds and assets from the taxpayers

of the state and the country. Conversely, the charter schools do not report to the education and

academic department of the country or the state. This major shortcoming makes the two schools

diverge in every prospect. The charter schools are publicly funded. However, they are managed

privately. These schools are permissible to select and admit students of their choice liberally. They

obtain funds and assets to provide instructions, conveniences, and extra curricula to their students.

They run their administrations liberally from some of the conventions and commandments levied

on public schools. Though the public schools have to register each child of the state with fewer

limitations, regardless of race, colour, nationality, gender, special needs, disabilities, financial

standings and has to provide each child -with equity (Cuomo, 2015).

However, with reduced resources this becomes demanding. As the state funds and local

tax, revenues are mutually distributed among the charter schools and the public schools. These

have resulted in producing circumstances of ominous monetary and economic problems in the

state. There is a substantial and considerable deficit in the funds and radical schooling cuts for

public schools. The charter schools do not use these funds for edifices and buildings and have close

attendance. Therefore, they have plentiful to provide their students. This is a downside for public

school, and it does not leave enough funds after construction and maintenance (Vergari, 2007).

Consequently, public schools are unable to provide every student with fair and equal

education. There is a vast difference in the sources of the public schools in higher and lower

socioeconomic areas. To prevent any further situation from extending, the charter schools should
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not be funded by the taxpayers. Besides, since they are managed privately, they should not be

allowed any state money so public schools can be appropriately supported. Alternatively, the

charter schools should have some accountability towards the state that the public schools have.
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References

Cebul, R. D., Rebitzer, J. B., Taylor, J. L., & Votruba, M. E. (2008). Organizational

Fragmentation and Care Quality in the U.S. Healthcare System. Journal of Economic

Perspectives, 22(4), 93-113.

Cuomo, A. M. (2015). New York Constitution. New York.

Elliot, O. V. (2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. USA: Oxford

University Press.

Fontenot, G., Hsu, S., & Thakur, R. (2012). Innovation in healthcare: Issues and future trends.

Journal of Business Research, 65(4), 562-569.

Ingraham, P., Joyce, P. G., & Kneedle, A. (2003). Government Performance: Why Management

Matters. Maryland: Taylor & Francis.

Smith, K. B. (2018). Governing States and Localities. India: SAGE.

Sunderman, G. L. (2006). The Unraveling of No Child Left Behind: How Negotiated Changes

Transform the Law. Cambridge: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University.

Vergari, S. (2007). The Politics of Charter Schools. SAGE, 21(1).