Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures"

- ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
30
1.85
MPa
MPa ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and
Ec 25743
500
MPa
MPa
temperature in concrete slabs
fy
Es 200000 MPa
n 7.77
alpha 0.00001 °C Spreadsheet version 1.00
Temperature range 20.0 °C Based on AE spreadheet
ΔT 10.0 °C
Thickness 250 mm
Type Elevated Slab Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Relative
humidity Creep γλ Shrinkage γλ Correction factors for relative humidity Moist curing Shrinkage γCP Correction factor for initial curing γCP
duration (days)
(%) 1. Determine Relevant Material Properties
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0% 1 1 1.2 1 1.2 • Type of Cement
1.4
Ultimate strain 0.00078 (2-6) 40% 1 1 3 1.1 • Type of Aggregate
1 1.3
Initial moist curing duration 7 days 50% 0.94 0.9 7 1 • Strength of Concrete
1.2
Curing correction factor 1 Table 2.5.3 60% 0.87 0.8 0.8 14 0.93 • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
1.1
Relative humidity 60% 70% 0.8 0.7 28 0.86
0.6 1 2. Determine Environment Properties
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 80% 0.73 0.6 Creep γλ 90 0.75
0.9 • Ambient Temperature Range
90% 0.67 0.3 0.4 Shri nkage γλ
0.8 • Relative Humidity
100% 0.6 0
0.2 0.7
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92) 3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
Creep Factor 2.35 (2-6) 0 0.6
Days
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

Shrinkage Equivalent Creep
Days Strain (ϵsh)t temperature
Total temp
°C factor vt
Shrinkage Strain (ϵsh)t • Consider length of time
• Pour strips
change ° C 12.000000 • Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Volume 250 mm3 (2-9) (2-8) Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
Surface 2 mm2 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 10.000000 less than tensile strength of concrete.
v/s 125 7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
14 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 8.000000 6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.
Creep 0.71 (2-21a) • Determine maximum acceptable crack width
28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000000 Shri nkag • Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
Shrinkage 0.67 (2-22a) 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! e Strai n spacing, and size of bar.
100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! (ϵs h)t Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
Factored creep #VALUE! 500 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.000000
of one large crack, many small cracks form.
Factored shrinkage #VALUE! 1000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.000000 Resources
Corrected ultimate strain #VALUE! 10000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! • ACI 209R-92
0.000000 • "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Journal May-June 2008
• "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
Structural Journal March-April 1992
Length 50 m ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
Time to restraint 28 days service loads shrinkage.
Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct
Restraint Temperature #VALUE! °C Crack width tension cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need
Exposure condition
10,000 day temperature #VALUE! °C (mm) to be additive.
Total Temperature #VALUE! °C Dry air or protective membrane 0.41
Equivalent Imposed Strain #VALUE! Humidity, moist air, soil 0.3
Creep Coefficient #VALUE! Deicing chemicals 0.18
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying 0.15 Spreadsheet version 1.00
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations Water-retaining structures 0.1 Based on AE spreadheet
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa) #VALUE!
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
Design Strain #VALUE! significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
Fully Released with sound engineering judgement.
Shortening (mm) #VALUE!
Design Strain 0.000000
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal

w vs. restrain
ρ Design Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ Quantity of
12.000 Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag Approx so C1 Ncr s C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
10.000 100% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
95% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 55% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 Crack 30% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
wi dth
25% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50%
20% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 10% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
50% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

w vs. reinf spacing Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design

Approx so
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted
C1 Ncr
Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ s
Quantity of
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
10.000 mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
50% 250 25 50 491 19,635 250,000 7.85% #VALUE! 32 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000425 462,348 1.850 1.851 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 250 25 75 491 13,090 250,000 5.24% #VALUE! 48 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000637 461,849 1.849 1.850 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 250
50% 25 100 491 9,817 250,000 3.93% #VALUE! 64 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000850 461,190 1.846 1.849 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 250 25 125 491 7,854 250,000 3.14% #VALUE! 80 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001062 460,374 1.843 1.847 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack 50% 250 25 150 491 6,545 250,000 2.62% #VALUE! 95 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001275 459,401 1.840 1.846 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
wi dth 50% 250 25 175 491 5,610 250,000 2.24% #VALUE! 111 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001488 458,274 1.836 1.844 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 50% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 50% 250 25 225 491 4,363 250,000 1.75% #VALUE! 143 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001914 455,565 1.826 1.839 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 250 25 250 491 3,927 250,000 1.57% #VALUE! 159 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002127 453,990 1.820 1.836 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 250 25 275 491 3,570 250,000 1.43% #VALUE! 175 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002340 452,270 1.813 1.832 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 50% 250 25 300 491 3,272 250,000 1.31% #VALUE! 191 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002553 450,409 1.806 1.829 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom reinforcement spacing

25 75 125 175 225 275 325 375
50% 250 25 200 491 4,909 250,000 1.96% #VALUE! 127 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001701 456,994 1.831 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service 445 kN.m

Concrete
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Allowable
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design
Cover Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio, d
Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA, Icr Crack Area,
s*
Actual Steel Actual crack Acceptable
Service Steel
12.000 Strain to NA 1, c1 to NA 2, c2 c (c1 or c2) Act (EQN Reinf. Ratio Stress, fa width crack width Service
Restrain Th Bar Ø 22) nbar to Act, rhotc Stress, fs Ratio (fa/fs)
12.000 1)
Eqn. 22 Eqn. 8.6c Eqn. 8-7 Eqn. 1 Eqn. 8 Eqn. 9
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2 mm MPa mm mm MPa
100% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000
10.000 95% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 55% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
50% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
4.000 30% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
25% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack Width
Crack Width 20% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75%
75% 15% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 10% 250 #VALUE!
2.000 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE!
5% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
0.000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 75% 250 16 200 201 1,005 250,000 0.40% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 217 50.41 -66.03 50.41 2.59E+08 99,794 0.01007 264.71 2,220 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures" - ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
30
1.85
MPa
MPa ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and
Ec 25743
500
MPa
MPa
temperature in concrete slabs
fy
Es 200000 MPa
n 7.77
alpha 0.000012 °C Spreadsheet version 1.00
Temperature range 30.0 °C Based on AE spreadheet
ΔT 15.0 °C
Thickness 350 mm
Type Foundation Mat Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Relative
Correction factors for relative humidity Moist curing
humidity Creep γλ Shrinkage γλ
duration (days)
Shrinkage γCP Correction factor for initial curing γCP
(%) 1. Determine Relevant Material Properties
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0% 1 1 1.2 1 1.2 • Type of Cement
1 1.4
Ultimate strain 0.00078 (2-6) 40% 1 3 1.1 • Type of Aggregate
30 days 50% 0.94 0.9 1 1.3 • Strength of Concrete
Initial moist curing duration 7 1
Table 2.5.3 60% 0.87 0.8 1.2 • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Curing correction factor 1 0.8 14 0.93
Relative humidity 60% 70% 0.8 0.7 28 0.86 1.1
#VALUE! Table 2.5.4 80% 0.73 0.6 0.6 1 2. Determine Environment Properties
Humidity correction factor Creep γλ 90 0.75
0.9 • Ambient Temperature Range
90% 0.67 0.3 0.4 Shri nkage γλ • Relative Humidity
100% 0.6 0 0.8
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0.2 0.7 3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
Creep Factor 2.35 (2-6) 0 0.6
Days
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

Shrinkage Equivalent Creep
Total temp • Consider length of time
Days Strain (ϵsh)t temperature
°C factor vt Shrinkage Strain (ϵsh)t • Pour strips
change ° C 12.000000 • Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Volume 350 mm3 (2-9) (2-8) Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
Surface 1 mm2 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 10.000000 less than tensile strength of concrete.
v/s 350 7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
14 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 8.000000 6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.
Creep 0.66 (2-21a) • Determine maximum acceptable crack width
28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
• Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
Shrinkage 0.23 (2-22a) 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.000000 Shrinkag
e Strai n spacing, and size of bar.
100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! (ϵs h)t Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
Factored creep #VALUE! 500 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.000000 of one large crack, many small cracks form.
Factored shrinkage #VALUE! 1000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.000000 Resources
Corrected ultimate strain #VALUE! 10000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! • ACI 209R-92
0.000000 • "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Journal May-June 2008
• "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
Structural Journal March-April 1992
Length 48 m ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
Time to restraint 28 days service loads shrinkage.
Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct
Restraint Temperature #VALUE! °C Crack width tension cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need
Exposure condition
10,000 day temperature #VALUE! °C (mm) to be additive.
Total Temperature #VALUE! °C Dry air or protective membrane 0.41
Equivalent Imposed Strain #VALUE! Humidity, moist air, soil 0.3
Creep Coefficient #VALUE! Deicing chemicals 0.18
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying 0.15 Spreadsheet version 1.00
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations Water-retaining structures 0.1 Based on AE spreadheet
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa) #VALUE!
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
Design Strain #VALUE! significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
Fully Released with sound engineering judgement.
Shortening (mm) #VALUE!
Design Strain 0.000000
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal

w vs. restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design

Approx so
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted
C1 Ncr
Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ s
Quantity of
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
100% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000 95% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 50% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack
wi dth 25% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 20% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 5% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom restrain

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 51% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Design Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. Quantity of
w vs. reinf spacing Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Approx so
Mod. E'c Modular Ratio,
C1 Ncr
c1 Stress
ξ s
cracks
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
10.000 mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
51% 350 16 50 201 8,042 350,000 2.30% #VALUE! 70 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000968 643,898 1.841 1.846 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 350 16 75 201 5,362 350,000 1.53% #VALUE! 104 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001453 639,281 1.829 1.840 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 51% 350 16 100 201 4,021 350,000 1.15% #VALUE! 139 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001938 633,042 1.812 1.832 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 350 16 125 201 3,217 350,000 0.92% #VALUE! 174 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002424 625,276 1.791 1.821 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 350 16 150 201 2,681 350,000 0.77% #VALUE! 209 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002910 616,095 1.765 1.808 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 Crack 350
wi dth
51% 16 175 201 2,298 350,000 0.66% #VALUE! 244 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003396 605,629 1.736 1.794 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
100 51% 350 16 200 201 2,011 350,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003883 594,019 1.704 1.778 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 350 16 225 201 1,787 350,000 0.51% #VALUE! 313 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004371 581,413 1.668 1.760 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
51% 350 16 250 201 1,608 350,000 0.46% #VALUE! 348 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004859 567,961 1.631 1.741 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
51% 350 16 275 201 1,462 350,000 0.42% #VALUE! 383 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.005347 553,813 1.591 1.721 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 51% 350 16 300 201 1,340 350,000 0.38% #VALUE! 418 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.005836 539,115 1.549 1.700 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom reinforcement spacing

25 75 125 175 225 275 325 375 51% 350 16 100 201 4,021 350,000 1.15% #VALUE! 139 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001938 633,042 1.812 1.832 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service 45 kN.m

Concrete
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Allowable
Design Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA, Crack Area, Actual Steel Actual crack Acceptable
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Cover Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio, d
to NA 1, c1 to NA 2, c2 c (c1 or c2)
Icr
Act (EQN Reinf. Ratio
s*
Stress, fa width crack width
Service Steel Service
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø 22) nbar to Act, rhotc Stress, fs Ratio (fa/fs)
12.000 1)
Eqn. 22 Eqn. 8.6c Eqn. 8-7 Eqn. 1 Eqn. 8 Eqn. 9
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2 mm MPa mm mm MPa
100% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000
10.000 95% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000
70% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
6.000 50% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
25% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 20% 350 #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE!
75% 15% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75%
2.000 10% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000
5% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
0.000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 75% 350 16 200 201 1,005 350,000 0.29% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 317 62.56 -78.18 62.56 5.87E+08 143,721 0.00699 381.23 151 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures" - ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
35
2.00
MPa
MPa ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and
Ec 27806
420
MPa
MPa
temperature in concrete slabs
fy
Es 200000 MPa
n 7.19
alpha 0.00001 °C Spreadsheet version 1.00
Temperature range 20.0 °C Based on AE spreadheet
ΔT 10.0 °C
Thickness 1500 mm
Type Foundation Mat Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Relative
Moist curing
humidity Creep γλ Shrinkage γλ
duration (days)
Shrinkage γCP Correction factor for initial curing γCP
(%) 1. Determine Relevant Material Properties
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0% 1 1 1 1.2 • Type of Cement
1 1.4
Ultimate strain 0.00078 (2-6) 40% 1 3 1.1 • Type of Aggregate
7 days 50% 0.94 0.9 1.3 • Strength of Concrete
Initial moist curing duration 7 1
Table 2.5.3 60% 0.87 0.8 1.2 • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Curing correction factor 1 14 0.93
Relative humidity 60% 70% 0.8 0.7 28 0.86 1.1
#VALUE! Table 2.5.4 80% 0.73 0.6 1 2. Determine Environment Properties
Humidity correction factor 90 0.75
• Ambient Temperature Range
90% 0.67 0.3 Shrinkage Strain (ϵsh)t 0.9
• Relative Humidity
100% 0.6 0 12.000000 0.8
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0.7 3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
Creep Factor 2.35 (2-6) 10.000000 0.6
Days
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92
8.000000
5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage
Shrinkage Equivalent Creep
Total temp 6.000000 • Consider length of time
Days Strain (ϵsh)t temperature factor vt Shri nkage
°C Strai n (ϵsh)t • Pour strips
change ° C
4.000000 • Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Volume 1500 mm3 (2-9) (2-8) Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
Surface 1 mm2 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! less than tensile strength of concrete.
2.000000
v/s 1500 7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
14 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.
0.000000 • Determine maximum acceptable crack width
Creep 0.66 (2-21a) 28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 900010000 • Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
Shrinkage 0.20 (2-22a) 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! spacing, and size of bar.
100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
Factored creep #VALUE! 500 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! of one large crack, many small cracks form.
Factored shrinkage #VALUE! 1000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Correction factors for relative humidity Resources
Corrected ultimate strain #VALUE! 10000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! • ACI 209R-92
• "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
1.2 Journal May-June 2008
• "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
1 Structural Journal March-April 1992
Length 245 m ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under
0.8 These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
Time to restraint 28 days service loads shrinkage.
0.6 Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct
Restraint Temperature #VALUE! °C Creep γλ
Crack width tension cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need
Exposure condition 0.4 Shri nkage γλ
10,000 day temperature #VALUE! °C (mm) to be additive.
Total Temperature #VALUE! °C Dry air or protective membrane 0.41 0.2
Equivalent Imposed Strain #VALUE! Humidity, moist air, soil 0.3
Creep Coefficient #VALUE! Deicing chemicals 0.18 0
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying 0.15 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Spreadsheet version 1.00
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations Water-retaining structures 0.1 Based on AE spreadheet
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa) #VALUE!
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
Design Strain #VALUE! significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
Fully Released with sound engineering judgement.
Shortening (mm) #VALUE!
Design Strain 0.000000
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal

w vs. restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design

Approx so
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted
C1 Ncr
Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ s
Quantity of
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
100% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000 95% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 50% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack
wi dth 25% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 20% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 5% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom restrain

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 50% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Design Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. Quantity of
w vs. reinf spacing Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Approx so
Mod. E'c Modular Ratio,
C1 Ncr
c1 Stress
ξ s
cracks
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
10.000 mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
50% 1500 12 50 113 4,524 1,500,000 0.30% #VALUE! 398 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001084 2,854,024 1.905 1.952 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 1500 12 75 113 3,016 1,500,000 0.20% #VALUE! 597 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001627 2,692,487 1.798 1.899 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 50% 1500 12 100 113 2,262 1,500,000 0.15% #VALUE! 796 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002170 2,495,102 1.667 1.833 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 1500 12 125 113 1,810 1,500,000 0.12% #VALUE! 995 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002714 2,280,293 1.524 1.762 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 1500 12 150 113 1,508 1,500,000 0.10% #VALUE! 1,194 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003259 2,063,208 1.380 1.690 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 Crack 1500
wi dth
50% 12 175 113 1,293 1,500,000 0.09% #VALUE! 1,393 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003804 1,854,513 1.241 1.620 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 50% 1500 12 200 113 1,131 1,500,000 0.08% #VALUE! 1,592 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004350 1,660,626 1.112 1.556 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 1500 12 225 113 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 1,790 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004896 1,484,631 0.995 1.497 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
50% 1500 12 250 113 905 1,500,000 0.06% #VALUE! 1,989 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.005443 1,327,324 0.890 1.445 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 1500 12 275 113 823 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,188 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.005990 1,188,101 0.797 1.398 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 50% 1500 12 300 113 754 1,500,000 0.05% #VALUE! 2,387 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.006539 1,065,607 0.715 1.357 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom reinforcement spacing

25 75 125 175 225 275 325 375 50% 1500 12 200 113 1,131 1,500,000 0.08% #VALUE! 1,592 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004350 1,660,626 1.112 1.556 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service 445 kN.m

Concrete
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Allowable
Design Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA, Crack Area, Actual Steel Actual crack Acceptable
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Cover Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio, d
to NA 1, c1 to NA 2, c2 c (c1 or c2)
Icr
Act (EQN Reinf. Ratio
s*
Stress, fa width crack width
Service Steel Service
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø 22) nbar to Act, rhotc Stress, fs Ratio (fa/fs)
12.000 1)
Eqn. 22 Eqn. 8.6c Eqn. 8-7 Eqn. 1 Eqn. 8 Eqn. 9
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2 mm MPa mm mm MPa
100% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000
10.000 95% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000
70% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
6.000 50% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
25% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 20% 1,500 #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE!
75% 15% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75%
2.000 10% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000
5% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
0.000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 75% 1,500 16 200 201 1,005 1,500,000 0.07% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1,467 138.43 -152.89 138.43 1.36E+10 680,787 0.00148 ### 312 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures" - ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
30
1.85
MPa
MPa ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and
Ec 25743
500
MPa
MPa
temperature in concrete slabs
fy
Es 200000 MPa
n 7.77
alpha 0.000012 °C Spreadsheet version 1.00
Temperature range 1000.0 °C Based on AE spreadheet
ΔT 10.0 °C
Thickness 350 mm
Type Elevated Slab Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects
No allowance for temp influences, slump, cement or air content.
Relative
Correction factors for relative humidity Moist curing
humidity Creep γλ Shrinkage γλ
duration (days)
Shrinkage γCP Correction factor for initial curing γCP
(%) 1. Determine Relevant Material Properties
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0% 1 1 1.2 1 1.2 • Type of Cement
1 1.4
Ultimate strain 0.00078 (2-6) 40% 1 3 1.1 • Type of Aggregate
7 days 50% 0.94 0.9 1 1.3 • Strength of Concrete
Initial moist curing duration 7 1
Table 2.5.3 60% 0.87 0.8 1.2 • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Curing correction factor 1 0.8 14 0.93
Relative humidity 60% 70% 0.8 0.7 28 0.86 1.1
#VALUE! Table 2.5.4 80% 0.73 0.6 0.6 1 2. Determine Environment Properties
Humidity correction factor Creep γλ 90 0.75
0.9 • Ambient Temperature Range
90% 0.67 0.3 0.4 Shri nkage γλ • Relative Humidity
100% 0.6 0 0.8
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0.2 0.7 3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
Creep Factor 2.35 (2-6) 0 0.6
Days
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

Shrinkage Equivalent Creep
Total temp • Consider length of time
Days Strain (ϵsh)t temperature
°C factor vt Shrinkage Strain (ϵsh)t • Pour strips
change ° C 12.000000 • Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Volume 350 mm3 (2-9) (2-8) Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
Surface 2 mm2 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 10.000000 less than tensile strength of concrete.
v/s 175 7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
14 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 8.000000 6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.
Creep 0.68 (2-21a) • Determine maximum acceptable crack width
28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
• Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
Shrinkage 0.53 (2-22a) 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.000000 Shrinkag
e Strai n spacing, and size of bar.
90 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! (ϵs h)t Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
Factored creep #VALUE! 1000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.000000 of one large crack, many small cracks form.
Factored shrinkage #VALUE! 2000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
3000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.000000 Resources
Corrected ultimate strain #VALUE! 10000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! • ACI 209R-92
0.000000 • "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Journal May-June 2008
• "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
Structural Journal March-April 1992
Length 280 m ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
Time to restraint 28 days service loads shrinkage.
Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct
Restraint Temperature #VALUE! °C Crack width tension cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need
Exposure condition
10,000 day temperature #VALUE! °C (mm) to be additive.
Total Temperature #VALUE! °C Dry air or protective membrane 0.41
Equivalent Imposed Strain #VALUE! Humidity, moist air, soil 0.3
Creep Coefficient #VALUE! Deicing chemicals 0.18
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying 0.15 Spreadsheet version 1.00
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations Water-retaining structures 0.1 Based on AE spreadheet
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa) #VALUE!
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
Design Strain #VALUE! significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
Fully Released with sound engineering judgement.
Shortening (mm) #VALUE!
Design Strain 0.000000
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal

w vs. restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design

Approx so
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted
C1 Ncr
Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ s
Quantity of
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
100% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000 95% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 50% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack
wi dth 25% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 20% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 5% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom restrain

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 50% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Design Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. Quantity of
w vs. reinf spacing Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Approx so
Mod. E'c Modular Ratio,
C1 Ncr
c1 Stress
ξ s
cracks
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
10.000 mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
50% 350 20 50 314 12,566 350,000 3.59% #VALUE! 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000133 647,619 1.851 1.851 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 350 20 75 314 8,378 350,000 2.39% #VALUE! 84 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000199 647,191 1.849 1.850 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 50% 350 20 100 314 6,283 350,000 1.80% #VALUE! 111 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000265 646,611 1.848 1.850 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 350 20 125 314 5,027 350,000 1.44% #VALUE! 139 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000332 645,878 1.846 1.849 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 350 20 150 314 4,189 350,000 1.20% #VALUE! 167 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000398 644,995 1.844 1.848 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 Crack 350
wi dth
50% 20 175 314 3,590 350,000 1.03% #VALUE! 195 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000464 643,961 1.841 1.846 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 50% 350 20 200 314 3,142 350,000 0.90% #VALUE! 223 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000531 642,779 1.837 1.844 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 350 20 225 314 2,793 350,000 0.80% #VALUE! 251 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000597 641,450 1.834 1.843 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
50% 350 20 250 314 2,513 350,000 0.72% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000664 639,976 1.830 1.841 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 350 20 275 314 2,285 350,000 0.65% #VALUE! 306 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000730 638,358 1.825 1.838 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 50% 350 20 300 314 2,094 350,000 0.60% #VALUE! 334 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000796 636,600 1.820 1.836 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom reinforcement spacing

25 75 125 175 225 275 325 375 50% 350 20 200 314 3,142 350,000 0.90% #VALUE! 223 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000531 642,779 1.837 1.844 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service 445 kN.m

Concrete
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Allowable
Design Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA, Crack Area, Actual Steel Actual crack Acceptable
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Cover Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio, d
to NA 1, c1 to NA 2, c2 c (c1 or c2)
Icr
Act (EQN Reinf. Ratio
s*
Stress, fa width crack width
Service Steel Service
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø 22) nbar to Act, rhotc Stress, fs Ratio (fa/fs)
12.000 1)
Eqn. 22 Eqn. 8.6c Eqn. 8-7 Eqn. 1 Eqn. 8 Eqn. 9
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2 mm MPa mm mm MPa
100% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000
10.000 95% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000
70% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
6.000 50% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
25% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 20% 350 #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE!
75% 15% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75%
2.000 10% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000
5% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
0.000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 75% 350 25 250 491 1,963 350,000 0.56% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 313 82.39 -112.90 82.39 9.94E+08 133,806 0.01467 283.94 800 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures" - ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
45
2.27
MPa
MPa ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and
Ec 31529
460
MPa
MPa
temperature in concrete slabs
fy
Es 200000 MPa
n 6.34
alpha 0.000009 °C Spreadsheet version 1.00
Temperature range 30.0 °C Based on AE spreadheet
ΔT 15.0 °C
Thickness 400 mm
Type Elevated Slab Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Relative
Correction factors for relative humidity Moist curing
humidity Creep γλ Shrinkage γλ
duration (days)
Shrinkage γCP Correction factor for initial curing γCP
(%) 1. Determine Relevant Material Properties
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0% 1 1 1.2 1 1.2 • Type of Cement
1 1.4
Ultimate strain 0.00078 (2-6) 40% 1 3 1.1 • Type of Aggregate
7 days 50% 0.94 0.9 1 1.3 • Strength of Concrete
Initial moist curing duration 7 1
Table 2.5.3 60% 0.87 0.8 1.2 • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Curing correction factor 1 0.8 14 0.93
Relative humidity 65% 70% 0.8 0.7 28 0.86 1.1
#VALUE! Table 2.5.4 80% 0.73 0.6 0.6 1 2. Determine Environment Properties
Humidity correction factor Creep γλ 90 0.75
0.9 • Ambient Temperature Range
90% 0.67 0.3 0.4 Shri nkage γλ • Relative Humidity
100% 0.6 0 0.8
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92) 0.2 0.7 3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
Creep Factor 2.35 (2-6) 0 0.6
Days
Humidity correction factor #VALUE! Table 2.5.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

Equivalent
Shrinkage Creep • Consider length of time
Days
Strain
temperature Total temp
factor Shrinkage Strain • Pour strips
change 12.000000 • Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Volume 400 mm3 (2-9) (2-8) Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
Surface 2 mm2 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 10.000000 less than tensile strength of concrete.
v/s 200 7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
14 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 8.000000 6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.
Creep 0.670532 (2-21a) • Determine maximum acceptable crack width
28 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
• Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
Shrinkage 0.466882 (2-22a) 56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.000000 Shrinkag spacing, and size of bar.
100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! e Strai n Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
Factored creep #VALUE! 500 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.000000 of one large crack, many small cracks form.
Factored shrinkage #VALUE! 1000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.000000 Resources
Ultimate strain #VALUE! 10000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! • ACI 209R-92
0.000000 • "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Journal May-June 2008
• "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
Structural Journal March-April 1992
Length 75 m ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
Time to restraint 28 days service loads shrinkage.
Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct
Restraint Temperature #VALUE! °C Crack width tension cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need
Exposure condition
10,000 day temperature #VALUE! °C (mm) to be additive.
Total Temperature #VALUE! °C Dry air or protective membrane 0.41
Equivalent Imposed Strain #VALUE! Humidity, moist air, soil 0.3
Creep Coefficient #VALUE! Deicing chemicals 0.18
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying 0.15 Spreadsheet version 1.00
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations Water-retaining structures 0.1 Based on AE spreadheet
Fully Restrained
Stress (Mpa) #VALUE!
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
Design Strain #VALUE! significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
Fully Released with sound engineering judgement.
Shortening (mm) #VALUE!
Design Strain 0.000000
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal

w vs. restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ Design

Approx so
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted
C1 Ncr
Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. ξ s
Quantity of
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Strain Mod. E'c Modular Ratio, c1 Stress cracks
Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
100% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000 95% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 75% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
70% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 50% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack
wi dth 25% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 20% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 5% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom restrain

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 50% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Design Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Conc. Stress Avg. Conc. Quantity of
w vs. reinf spacing Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Approx so
Mod. E'c Modular Ratio,
C1 Ncr
c1 Stress
ξ s
cracks
C2 N stress s2* stress s1* stress c1* Crack width
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø n*
Eqn. 1 Eqn. 22 Eqn. 6 Eqn. 12 Eqn. 9 Eqn. 19 Eqn. 28 Eqn. 27 Eqn. 16 Eqn. 25 Eqn. 17 Eqn. 15 Eqn. 23 Eqn. 30
10.000 mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa MPa MPa mm m MPa MPa MPa mm
50% 400 16 50 201 8,042 400,000 2.01% #VALUE! 80 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000708 901,388 2.255 2.261 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 400 16 75 201 5,362 400,000 1.34% #VALUE! 119 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001062 894,899 2.240 2.254 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000 50% 400 16 100 201 4,021 400,000 1.01% #VALUE! 159 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001417 886,088 2.218 2.243 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 400 16 125 201 3,217 400,000 0.80% #VALUE! 199 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.001772 875,092 2.192 2.230 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 400 16 150 201 2,681 400,000 0.67% #VALUE! 239 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002127 862,074 2.160 2.214 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000 Crack 400
wi dth
50% 16 175 201 2,298 400,000 0.57% #VALUE! 279 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002482 847,224 2.123 2.195 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
200 50% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 400 16 225 201 1,787 400,000 0.45% #VALUE! 358 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003193 812,852 2.039 2.153 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
50% 400 16 250 201 1,608 400,000 0.40% #VALUE! 398 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003549 793,765 1.991 2.130 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50% 400 16 275 201 1,462 400,000 0.37% #VALUE! 438 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.003906 773,699 1.942 2.105 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000 50% 400 16 300 201 1,340 400,000 0.34% #VALUE! 477 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.004262 752,864 1.890 2.079 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000 Custom reinforcement spacing

25 75 125 175 225 275 325 375 50% 400 16 200 201 2,011 400,000 0.50% #VALUE! 318 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.002837 830,745 2.083 2.175 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service 445 kN.m

Concrete
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted Allowable
Design Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA, Crack Area, Actual Steel Actual crack Acceptable
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain Spacing Area Bar Ab As/m (T+B) Ag ρ
Strain
Cover Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio, d
to NA 1, c1 to NA 2, c2 c (c1 or c2)
Icr
Act (EQN Reinf. Ratio
s*
Stress, fa width crack width
Service Steel Service
12.000 Restrain Th Bar Ø 22) nbar to Act, rhotc Stress, fs Ratio (fa/fs)
12.000 1)
Eqn. 22 Eqn. 8.6c Eqn. 8-7 Eqn. 1 Eqn. 8 Eqn. 9
mm mm mm mm2 mm2/m mm2 mm MPa mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2 mm MPa mm mm MPa
100% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
10.000
10.000 95% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
90% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
85% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
80% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
8.000
70% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
65% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
60% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
55% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
6.000
6.000 50% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
45% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
40% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
35% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000 30% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
4.000
25% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 20% 400 #VALUE!
Crack Wi dth 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE!
75% 15% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
75%
2.000 10% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.000
5% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!

0.000
0.000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Custom restrain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 75% 400 16 200 201 1,005 400,000 0.25% #VALUE! 25 #VALUE! #VALUE! 367 62.04 -74.79 62.04 6.73E+08 168,980 0.00595 448.23 1,280 #VALUE! 0.30 #VALUE! #VALUE!