21/09/2012

BS 5489 Themes for change

Lighting landscape has changed

Road Lighting Seminar
BS5489-1 & BS EN13201 1. Technology
2. Energy
3. Competency
The proposed 2012 updates 4. Risk Assessments
5. Environment
6. Health & Safety
Alistair Scott BSc, CEng, FILP, MIMechE
Past President Institution of Lighting Professionals
Managing Director - Designs for Lighting Ltd
Chairman BSI CPL 34/08 Road Lighting

Theme 1: Technology
BS 5489 Themes for change Theme 2: Energy Management

Variable Lighting
Variable lighting preferred to
switch off (in most cases)

Light level varies with usage

and risk

CMS
Means of managing light
output

right light; right place; right time

Theme 1: Technology
Theme 3: Competency
Theme 2: Energy Management

• Variable Lighting Competency

Foreword
• Trimming It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of its
provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose
• Choice of Lighting Class use it has been produced.

• White Light 4.2 Lighting design

• Light source
• Efficient luminaire
• Efficient design
COMMENTARY ON 4.2
Lighting design is a complex task…. It is recommended that anyone undertaking lighting
design is adequately trained in the profession and competent to do so.
5.1 Design strategy and road classification – Risk assessment
...The design policy or lighting strategy should be developed by competent persons….

• Constant light output Annex A (informative)

Selection of lighting classes
COMMENTARY ON ANNEX A
…An important outcome of the selection process is to ensure that the area is neither
overlit nor underlit. This is a difficult balance to achieve and it is therefore advised that
the selection process is undertaken by a suitably competent person. It is furthermore
advised that a risk assessment is included along with consultation with relevant
stakeholders.

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Theme 3: Competency Theme 4 - Risk Assessment

CDM Regulations 2007

Designers: roles and responsibilities • Every street different
• Impossible to be prescriptive
• Use local knowledge
• Eliminate hazards and risks during design
• Consult with stakeholders
• Provide information about remaining risks
• Make risk assessment street or area specific
• Check that the client is aware of their duties and
that a CDM co-ordinator has been appointed
What are the risks?
• Provide information needed for the health and – Visibility e.g. parked cars
safety file – Task complexity e.g. junctions/calming
– Vulnerable users e.g. school route
– Crime potential

Theme 5: Environmental Theme 6: Health & Safety

Designers should address:

Minimise obtrusive light

Undertake visual impact assessment HV Cables
Daytime & night-time appearance CDM 2007
Effect on flora & fauna and human health
specific local planning issues Design locations
Risk Assessments
NB Safety of users takes precedence BS EN 12767 & TR30
Consult with planning authorities
Road worker safety
Maintenance

Maintenance Factors BS EN 13201

Table B.1 Luminaire Maintenance Factors

• PD CEN TR13201-1 Selection of lighting classes
Environmental Mounting • EN13201-2 Performance standard
Cleaning frequency
zone height • EN13201-3 Calculation of performance
12 24 36 48 60 72 • EN13201-4 Measuring light performance
months months months months months months • EN13201-5 Energy efficiency requirements
E1/E2 ≤6 m 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92
– Theme for change – Harmonisation with CIE
E1/E2 >6 m 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92
– Part 1 is technical report (not normative)
– Part 5 is new
E3/E4 ≤6 m 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84

E3/E4 >6 m 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92

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BS EN 13201-2 Proposed “P” Values

Illuminance Values (E)

• ME classes become M classes? Average Max(150%) Min(20%)
• CE classes become C classes
• S classes become P classes P1 15 22.5 3
• ES class becomes SC P2 10 15 2
• SR becomes EIR P3 7.5 11.25 1.5
P4 5 7.5 1
P5 3 4.5 0.6
P6 2 3 0.4

Changes to Emin for P1, P2, P6 shown in red

BS EN 13201-5 BS5489-1 & BS EN 13201

Selection of lighting classes for Subsidiary Roads

New part on energy efficiency requirements

2 metrics; 1 for Engineers; 1 for politicians!

SLEEC – Street Lighting Energy Efficiency Calculation

Watts / lux / m2 or W/(cd/m2)/m2

YECI – Yearly Electricity Consumption Indicator

Watts / Candela or Watts / lumen

Annex A –Selection of lighting class Annex A –Selection of lighting class

• 1963 Recipe method • Lack of scientific research on lighting levels

• 1987 3 classes based on usage & crime • Based upon CEN 13201-1 (in draft) & CIE 115
• 2003 7 classes based on crime, usage • Also guided by best practice in UK
& Environmental zone • Refer to LA lighting policy
• 2012 Based on CEN & CIE • Less prescriptive
7 Classes, Risk Assessment, • Do Risk Assessment
S/P ratio and variable lighting • Avoid over or under-lighting

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Annex A –Selection of lighting class Step 1 Select table

Table A.2: high speed traffic route

5 Step Approach Table A.3: moderate speed traffic route
Table A.4: conflict areas;
1. Select benchmark lighting class from table Table A.5: subsidiary roads, low speed
2. Do Risk Assessment & refer local policy Table A.6: subsidiary roads, v. low speed
3. Adjust target level based on specific risks Table A.8: city and town centres.
4. Adjust target level for “white” light
5. Look at variable lighting options

Table A.5 Table A.6

Table A.5 – Lighting classes for subsidiary roads with low speed
Table A.6 – Lighting classes for subsidiary roads with very low
traffic (v ≤ 30 mph) –
(walking) speed traffic – Non-motorised traffic
Mixed traffic without parked cars present Ambient Ambient Ambient Ambient
Ambient Ambient Ambient Ambient luminance: luminance: luminance: luminance:
luminance: luminance: luminance: luminance: Traffic flow very low (E1) low (E2) moderate (E3) high (E4)
Traffic flow very low (E1) low (E2) moderate (E3) high (E4)
Busy P5 P5 P5 P4
Busy P3 P3 P2 P2
Normal P6 P5 P5 P4
Normal P4 P3 P3 P2
Quiet P6 P6 P5 P5
Quiet P4 P4 P3 P3

Step 2 - Risk Assessment Step 3 – Class adjustment

• Every street different Adjust the lighting class based on the outcome of
• Impossible to be prescriptive the risk assessment
• Use local knowledge
• Consult with stakeholders Adjustment would not normally exceed 1 class
• Make risk assessment street or area specific
level

What are the risks?

– Visibility e.g. parked cars
– Task complexity e.g. junctions/calming
– Vulnerable users e.g. school route
– Crime potential

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Step 4 – Adjust for S/P ratio Step 4 – Adjust for S/P ratio

• ILP Research PLG 03 – due 2012

• Propose reduction in target illuminance
• Based on S/P ratio of light source

S/P = 1.2 S/P = 2

Benchmark E.g. Some types of warm E.g. Some types of cool
(e.g. Ra < 60) white lamp such as metal white compact
halide fluorescent or LED

Lighting Eav Emin Eav Emin Eav Emin

Class (lux) (lux) (lux) (lux) (lux) (lux)

P3 7.5 1.5 6.3 1.3 5.5 1.1

P4 5.0 1.0 4.0 0.8 3.4 0.7

White light for pedestrians?

Step 5 – Variable Lighting Traffic Routes

Table A.2 – Lighting classes for very high speed (v≥ 60mph) and
high speed traffic routes (v > 40mph)
Does usage vary significantly through night?
Lighting class
e.g rush hour, last orders etc.
Do other parameters change? Traffic Dual carriageway
Single
volume
Return to Steps 1 - 4 select new class etc. carriageway
Junction Junction
Build up light profile density: high density: low
Use ILP guidance High to very
ME2 ME3 ME2
high

Low to moderate ME3 ME4 ME3

Very low ME4 ME5 ME4

Step 4 – Adjust for S/P ratio BS 5489 & BS EN 13201

Strengths

• Comprehensive Guidance
• Flexibility on lighting classes
• Variable Light Levels
• White Light benefits
• Risk Assessment

Not applicable for traffic routes?

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Lighting Design Best Practice Thank you

• Use competent designers

• Create lighting policy
• Get policy agreed by LA
• Do risk assessment for each design
• Use available lighting standards & guides
• Consult with stakeholders
• Record design decisions