1. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the ma- terial requirements for plain and lami nated elastomenc bridge bearings. Elas- Tomeric bearings furnished under this specification shall adequately provide for thermal expansion and contraction, rote tion, camber changes. and. creep and shrinkage. where applicable. of structural ‘members. Elastomeric bearings as herein Gefined shall include unreinforced pads (consisting of elastomer only) and rein- forced bearings with steel ot fabric laminates, 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 21 AASHTO Standards: M 183 Specification for Structural Stee! Recommended Prac: Lice for Indicating Which Places of Fig ures are 10 be Cor sidered Significant in Specified Limiting Values Practices for Load Verification of Test- ing Machines 2.2 ANS! Standards: ANSI B46.1 Surfaces and Surfacing 23. ASTM Standards: A570 Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet and Strip. Structural Quali Rubber Property— ‘Compression Set D 412. Rubber Properties in Tension D 429 Rubber Property — Adhesion to Rigid Substrates Rn Te D 395 366 Standard Specification for AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 251-96 D 573. Rubber—Deteriora- tion in Air Oven D 1043 Stifiness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature-Tor- sion Test D 1149 Ribber Deteriora- ‘don—Surface Ozone Cracking in 2 Cham- ber (Flat Specimens) D 2137 Rubber Property— Britteness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabris. Test for D 2240 Rubber Propenty— Durometer Hardness D 4014 Specification for Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for Bridges 24 Rubber Manufacturer's Associe- non, Ine RMA F 3 RMA T.063 RMA F2 25° Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications SSPC, Vis 1-89, Visual Stan- dard for Abrasive Biast Cleaned Steel 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 All bearings shall be designed in accordance with specifications contained in the latest edition of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. 3.2. The dimensions of the furnished bearings shall be the dimensions required by the design docurents within the ances shown in Section 6 of this specifi- cation. The bearings shall be composed of the specified materials; shall be tested Plain and Laminated Elastomeric Bridge Bearings at the appropriate level: and shall satis any special requirements of the purchase. 33. The contractor shall provide the purchaser with writen notification 30 days prior tothe start of bearing produc- tion. This notification shall include the contract number, quant. and size bear ings being produced. manufacturer's ‘name, location, and the representative who will coordinate production, inspec- tion, sampling, and testing with the purchaser 34. Testing for the physical proper: ties of the elastomer may require the destruction of one or more bearings from 2 lot. In these instances. provisions should be made to provide additional bearings for testing purposes 35. In addition to material require- ‘ments forthe bearings individual compo nents this specification provides for two levels of acceptance enitena for finished bearings. Level | acceptance criteria is applied to all bearings without exception. Level Il acceptance ertera involves ad- itional testing and. unless. otherwise specified by the purchaser. shall be ap- plied to the following: 35.1 All bearings designed to ac- commodate compressive loads in excess of 6900 kPa and be subjected to shear eformation. 352 All other bearings designed 10 accommodate compressive loads in ex- cess of 7600 kPa. ‘353. In addition, the purchaser may require Level Il testing for bearings con sidered to be more critical or hearings for which Level 1 testing was inconclusive 3.6. For bearings that will be expec- ted 10 perform at lower temperatures an optional low temperature shea Test requirement is included in the Level 1 testing fi} M251 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Properties of the Elastomer— Fee elastomer compound used in the construction of these, bearings shall con- tain only virgin crystallization resistant polychloroprene (neoprene) or virgin natural polyisoprene (natural rubber) as the raw polymer. All materials shall be ‘new with no reclaimed material incorpo- rated in the finished bearing. 42. The cured elastomer shall meet the minimum requirements of Table 1. ‘The properties of the cured elastomeric ‘compound material listed in Table 1 shall be determined using samples taken from actual bearings. 43 All material tests shall be carried cout at 23 = 2°C unless otherwise noted. 44 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification. an observed or calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest 100 kPa for tensile strength, co the nearest 10 percent of elongation. and to the nearest I percent for change in aged tensile and aged elon- ‘gation. Hardness and aged hardness shall be rounded otf to nearest point in accor- dance with AASHTO R-II 45° Steel Laminates—Steel lami- nates used for reinforcement shall be SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS ‘made from rolled mild steel conforming to AASHTO M 183, ASTM A 570M, ‘or equivalent, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. The laminates shall be of the thickness specified by the pur- chaset or, if left unspecified have a mini- ‘mum nominal thickness of 1.52 mm. Holes in plates for manufacturing pur- ‘poses shall not be permitted unless con- sidered in the design of the bearing. 4.6 Extemal load bearing plates shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 183, unless otherwise spec- ified in the contract documents. Except as noted. all bearings surfaces of external Toad plates shall be finished or machined flat within 0.25 man. The bottom surfaces ‘of external load plates (masonry plates) designed to rest on bearing pads shail not exceed an out-of-flatness value of 159 mm, The extemal load bearing plates shall be protected from rust until all exposed surfaces can be field painted. ‘Any ust inhibitor utilized must be re- moved from all surfaces 10 be welded prior to welding 4.7 Fabric Reinforcement—Fabric reinforcement shall be woven from 100 percent glass fibers of “E™ wpe yam ‘with continuous fibers. The minimum thread count in either direction shall be TABLE 1 Elastomer Properties 361 10 threads per cm. The fabric shall have either a crowfoot or an 8-Hamess Satin ‘weave. Each ply of fabric shall have a ‘minimum breaking strength of 140 kNém of width in each thread direction. FABRICATION S.1 Bearings with steel laminates shall be cast as a unit in a mold and bonded and vulcanized under heat and pressure. The molds shall have standard shop practice mold finish. The internat ‘steel laminates shall be blast cleaned to 1 condition matching that of SSPC-Vis 1-89, Pictorial Standird BSP6 or CSP6 and additionally cleaned of any oil or grease before bonding. Plates shall be free of sharp edgés and burrs, and shall have a minimum edge cover of 3 mm. External load plates ‘sole plates) shall be protected from rusting by the manu- facturer, and shall be hot bonded to the bearing during vulcanization. Bearings with steet laminates which are designed (o act as a single unit witha given shape factor must be manufactured as a sin- gle unit 52 Fabric-reinforced bearings may Polysoprene Payealoroprene ‘Natural Rubber) (Neoprene) Marenal as™ 0 0 0 7 Property Standart “Test Requirements Duro_Duro Duro _Duro_Ouro_Duro___Unis Physical 2240 Hardness Jo = 56) = 970 = 590 = 560 = 370 = Shore “A” poins properses D412 Min tenile strength Is5 155 153183 1551S pa Min timate elongation 450400 300400380 300___—Percent Heat D573 a Specified temperature of te est 7 770100 100100 “c eostance specified tmp. Aging time 188168] Hours Max change in durometer hardness = 10 +10 +10 +15 +15 +15 Shore “A” poims Max change ia tensile srength Tas 35 28-15-18 - 1S Percent Max change in ultimate elongation 235-35 35 9 49-0 Percent Compression D395 Specified temperature of test 770 +7 10 100 100 *c xt Method B at Max permissible change after 22 rs.) 3 25383338 Percent specified tmp. Low temperature D 746 Grades 0 & 2. No est equied bnmleness ‘Procedure B-Grade 3 Test @ ~40°C asses Passes Parser Passes Passes Grade 4 Test @ —48°C Passes Passes Passes. Passes Passes Grade 5 Test @ -S7C Passes Passes Passes Paes Passes Die ‘Concentration of ozone during es 3% 100 100100 mPa Duration of est 8 100 100100 Hours Tea at 20 pert vin STE EE No No No No No mounting procedure Cracks Cracks Cracké Cracks Cracks Cracks D 518, procedure A568, bbe molded and vulcanized in large sheets and cut to size, Cuting shall be per- formed so as to avoid heating the materi- als and produce a smooth finish with no separation of the fabric from the elasto- mer. Fabric shall be free of folds and nipples and shall be parallel to the top and bottom surfaces. If external steel plates are required. 2 cold bonding pro- cess which will yield the strengths re- Quired in Section 8.8.3 of this specifica- tuon may be used in Lieu of hot bonding 5.3 Plain pads may be molded or extruded, and vulcanized in large sheets ‘and cut to size. Cutting shall not heat ‘the materials. and shall produce a smooth finish to ANSI B46.1 6.3,:m. Plain pads shall be molded or extruded to the fin- ished thickness. Fabricators will not be allowed to maie pads of finished thick- ness by plying pads of lesser thickness together. External load plates, when used, shall be protected from rusting by the ‘manufacturer. and shall be hot bonded by vulcanization during the primary molding process. 5A Flash tolerance. finish, and ap- pearance of bearings shall meet the re- Quirements of the latest edition of the Rubber Handbook as published by the ‘Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc RMA F3 and T.063 for molded bearings and RMA F2 ior extruded bearings. TABLE |. Overall verics dimensions Design thickness 32 mm or less Design thickness over 32 mm 2, Overall honiontal dimensions For measurements 914 mm and less For measutemenss Over $14 mm 3. Thicnss of individual layers of elastomer (laminated bearings only) st any point within the beanng 4. Varaoon from = plane parallel 10 the eoreticl suriae (as determined by measurements a the ‘2 of the bearings ‘Top Sides 5. Position of exposed connection members 6 Edge cover of embedded laminates of ‘comection members 1. Size of holes, sos. or inser 8. Position of hoes. sos, or insers ‘SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS 6. TOLERANCES 6.1 Plain pads and laminated bear- ings shall be manufactured to the design Gimensions tolerances listed in Table 2, unless other tolerances are shown on the design drawings. 7. MARKING 71 Each reinforced bearing shall be ‘marked in indelible ink or flexible paint ‘The marking shall consist of the order number, lot number, bearing identfica- ‘uon number. and elastomer type and grade, Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents the marking shall be ona face which is visible after erection of the bridge. 8, BEARING TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 8.1 All test apparatus used to deter ‘mine conformance with these specifica- tions. shall be calibrated annually in ac- ‘cordance with AASHTO T 67. 82 Sampling, testing, and accep. tance consideration will be made on a Jot basis. A lot of bearings shall be con- sidered to be a group of 100 or less ‘Tolerances -o43 0. +6 -0. +6 0.412 = 20 percen of design valve but no ‘more than = 3 mm (=) ‘Slope reiave to the bottom of no ‘more than 0.008 radians 6 3 0 +3 M251 bearings which are manufactured in a reasonably continuous manner from the same batch of elastomer, cured under the same conditions, and are all the same size and type (plain, fabric reinforced. (or ste} reinforced). A lot may include 100 or less fabric reinforced bearings of different plan size if cut from a large sheet or sheets meeting these requirements, 8.3 The manufacturer shall designate the bearings in each lot and certify that each of the bearings in the lot were ‘manufactured in a reasonably continuous ‘manner from the same batch of elasto- ‘mez, and cured under the same condi- tons. In addition, the manufacturer shall ‘certify that each bearing in the lot satis fies the requirements of the design speci- fication and meets the dimensional toler- lances of Section 6 of this specification, 8.4 The dimensions of each beanng shall be checked. If any dimensions are outside the limits listed in Secuon 6 of this specification. the lo: shall be rejected ‘8.5 The purchaser shall select sam- pile bearings from the lot for testing in accordance with this specification. Sam- pling rate shall be as follows: Plain bearings - Three full size bear- ings per lot. Laminated Bearings - One full size bearing perevery five per lot. 2 minimum of three bearings, 8.6 Elastomer taken from the sam- pled bearings shall be tested for confor ‘mance with the requirements of Section 4.144 of this specification. Ifthe sam- pled elastomer fails to meet any of these requirements, the lot shall be rejected 8.7 Additional testing shall be con- ducted on the sampled bearings. The ac cceptance criteria shall be at two levels, Level I acceptance shall be applied to all bearings. Level II acceptance eriteri, unless otherwise specified by the pur- ‘chaser, shall be applied to the following. 87.1 All bearings designed to ac- commodate compressive loads in excess ‘of 6900 kPa and be subjected to shear deformation, 8.7.2 All other bearings designed to accommodate compressive loads in ex- ccoxs of 7600 kPa. 8.73 In addition, the purchaser may require Level Il testing for bearings con: sidered to be more critical or bearings for which Level I testing was inconclusive. { i