Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GATE 2019
Detailed Solutions
BY
KREATRYX
ECE
th
09 Feb 2019
Forenoon Session
Note:-
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Aptitude
01. When he did come home, she ______ him lying dead on the roadside somewhere
(a) Notice (b) Pictured
(c) Looked (d) Concluded
Ans: (b)
Solution:
When he did not come home, she pictured him died at roadside somewhere
02. Five different books (P, Q, R, S, T) are to be arranged on a shelf. The books R and S are to be arranged first
and second, respectively from the right side of the shelf. The number of different orders in which P, Q and T may
be arranged is ________
(a) 12 (b) 2
(c) 120 (d) 6
Ans: (d)
Solution:
We can arrange remaining 3 books in 3! Number of ways which means 6 ways
03. It would take one machine 4 hours to complete a production order and another machine 2 hours to complete
the same order. If both machines work simultaneously at their respective constant rates, the time taken to
complete the same order is _____ hours
(a) 4 (b) 2
3 3
(c) 3 (d) 7
4 3
Ans: (a)
Solution:
One hour work of machine 1 1
4
One hour work of machine 2 1
2
One hour work of combined 3
4
Time taken to complete 1 4
34 3
Ans: (c)
Solution:
The boat arrived at dawn
05. The strategies that the company ______ to sell its products _____ house-to-house
(a) use, includes (b) used, includes
(c) uses, including (d) uses, include
Ans: (d)
Solution:
The strategies that the company uses to sell its products includes house-to-house marking
06. The bar graph in Panel (a) shows the proportion of male and female illiterates in 2001 and 2011. The
proportions of males and females in 2001 and 2011 are given in Panel (b) and (c), respectively.
The total population did not change during this period. The percentage increase in the total number of literates
from 2001 to 2011 is __________
Ans: (a)
Solution:
Assume total population=x
In 2001,
Male population= 60% of x= 0.6x
50
Male illiterates 0.6x 0.3x
100
Female population= 40% of x= 0.4x
60
Female illiterates 0.4x 0.24x
100
Total illiterates = 0.54x
Total literates= x- 0.54x=0.46x
In 2011,
Male population= 50% of x= 0.5x
40
Male illiterates 0.5x 0.2x
100
Female population= 50% of x= 0.5x
40
Female illiterates 0.5x 0.2x
100
Total illiterates = 0.4x
Total literates= x- 0.4x= 0.6x
0.6x 0.46x
% increase 100 30.434%
0.46x
07. "Indian history was written by British historians — extremely well documented and researched, but not always
impartial. History had to serve its purpose: Everything was made subservient to the glory of the Union Jack Latter-
day Indian scholars presented a contrary picture."
From the text above, we can infer that:
Indian history written by British historians_____________
1. Was not well documented and researched and was sometimes biased
2. Was well documented and researched but was sometimes biased
3. Was well documented and not researched but was always biased
4. Was not well documented and researched and was always biased
Ans: (b)
Solution:
We can infer that British historians wrote well documented history but it was biased
08. Two design consultants, P and Q, started working from 8 AM for a client. The client budgeted a total of USD
3000 for the consultants. P stopped working when the hour hand moved by 210 degrees on the clock. Q stopped
working when the hour hand moved by 240 degrees. P took two tea breaks of 15 minutes each during her shift,
but took no lunch break. Q took only one lunch break for 20 minutes, but no tea breaks. The market rate for
consultants is USD 200 per hour and breaks are not paid. After paying the consultants, the client shall have
USD________ remaining in the budget.
(a) 000.00 (b) 300.00
(c) 433.33 (d) 166.67
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Each digit on clock occupies 30
0
2100
Number of hours worked by P 7
300
2400
Number of hours worked by Q 8
300
Actual working hours of P 7 2 1 6.5hr
4
09. Four people are standing in a line facing you. They are Rahul, Mathew, Seema and Lohit. One is an engineer,
one is a doctor, one a teacher and another a dancer. You are told that:
1. Mathew is not standing next to Seema
2. There are two people standing between Lohit and the engineer
3. Rahul is not a doctor
4. The teacher and the dancer are standing next to each other
5. Seema is turning to her right to speak to the doctor standing next to her
Who among them is an engineer?
(a) Seema (b) Lohit
(c) Rahul (d) Mathew
Ans: (d)
Solution:
The 4 people are standing as follows:
Lohit Seema Rahul Mathew
Prof: Doctor T/D T/D Engineer
Hence, Mathew is an engineer
10. Five people P, Q, R, S and T work in a bank. P and Q don't like each other but have to share an office till T gets
a promotion and moves to the big office next to the garden. R, who is currently sharing an office with T wants to
move to the adjacent office with S, the handsome new intern. Given the floor plan, what is the current location of
Q, R and T? (O =Office, WR =Washroom)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans: (a)
Solution:
P, Q must be allotted same office
Similarly, R & T must be allotted same office but S must be placed in adjacent office
Technical
01. In the circuit shown, A and B are the inputs and F is the output. What is the functionality of the circuit?
(b) Latch
(c) XNOR
(d) XOR
Ans: (c)
Solution:
A B M1 M2 M3 M4 R
0 0 ON ON OFF OFF 1
1 1 OFF OFF ON ON A or B =1
R AB AB
RA B [Ex-Nor]
02. Let H(z) be the z-transform of a real-valued discrete time signal h[n]. If P z H z H 1 z has a zero at
1 1
z
2 2
j , and P z has a total of four zeros, which one of the following poles represents all the zeros
correctly?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans: (d)
Solution:
1 j
If P z 0 at z
2 2
1
Then either H z 0 or H 0
z
1 j
If H z 0 at z
2 2
1 1 2
Then H 0 at z 1 j
z 1 j 1 j
2 2
Since H z is real, zeroes exist in conjugate pairs & hence P z has 4 zeroes
1 j 1 j
z , , 1 j, 1 j
2 2 2 2
03. In the circuit shown, what are the values of F for EN=0 and EN=1, respectively?
(a) 0 and 1
(c) 0 and D
Ans: (b)
Solution:
EN=0 A =1 [PMOS is OFF] B=0 [NMOS is OFF] F: High impedance state
EN=0 A D B D CMOS will act as inverter
F=D
04. In the table shown, List-I and List-II respectively, contain terms appearing on the left-hand side and the right-
hand side of Maxwell’s equations (in their standard form). Match the left-hand side with corresponding right-hand
side
List-I List-II
1 .D P 0
2 E Q
3 .B R B
t
4 H S D
J
t
(a) 1-Q, 2-S, 3-P, 4-R (b) 1-P, 2-R, 3-Q, 4-S
(c) 1-R, 2-Q, 3-S, 4-P (d) 1-Q, 2-R, 3-P, 4-S
Ans: (d)
Solution:
.B 0
.D v
B
E
t
D
H E
t
Ans: (c)
Solution:
For n=1
dy y
dx x
dy dx
y x
lny lnx C
lnxy C
xy ec [Hyperbola]
For n=1
dy x
dx y
ydx xdx
ydy xdx
y2 x2
C
2 2
x y 2C
2 2
[Circle]
Hence, solution represents hyperbola & circle
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans. (d)
Solution.
Transistor PS n-p-n .
Base is connected to p t and collector is connected to n t
07. In the circuit shown, Vs is a square wave of period T with maximum and minimum values of 8V and -10V
respectively. Assume that the diode is ideal and R1 R2 50
The average value of VL is ______ Volts (rounded off to 1 decimal place)
Ans: –3
Solution:
During –ve half cycle, D is forward biased & hence V0 Vin
During +ve half cycle, D is reverse biased & hence
R2 Vin
V0 Vin
R1 R 2 2
So, V0 looks like as shown below,
4 T 10 T
2 2 2 5 3V
V
0 avg
T
Ans: 0
Solution:
2
1 z2 1
dz Res z2 f z 0
2i C z2
2
1 d 2 z 1
2
lim z
z 0 1! dz z2
lim2 2z z2 1 0
z 0
sinx
09. The value of the integral
0 y
x
dx dy , is equal to ______
Ans: 2
Solution:
2
1 z2 1
dz Res z2 f z 0
2i C z2
2
1 d 2 z 1
2
lim
z 0 1! dz
z
z2
lim2 2z z2 1 0
z 0
10. Radiation resistance of a small dipole current element of length I at a frequency of 3GHz is 3 ohms. If length is
changed by 1% then the percentage change in the radiation resistance, rounded off to two decimal places, is
_____%
dl 1.01
2
R 2 80TI 2
R 2 1.01 dl
2
11. Consider the two-port resistive network shown in the figure. When an excitation of 5 V is applied across Port
1, and Port 2 is shorted, the current through the short circuit at Port 2 is measured to be 1 A (see (a) in the figure).
Now, if an excitation of 5V is applied across Port 2 and Port 1 is shorted (see (b) in the figure), what is the current
through the short circuit at Port 1?
Ans: (d)
Solution:
By reciprocity theorem, I=1A
12. Which one of the following functions is analytic over the entire complex plane?
1
(a) ln z (b) e z
1
(c)
1 z
(d) cos z
Ans: (d)
Solution:
z2 z 4 z6
cos z 1 ......
2! 4! 6!
Hence, there is no singularity & function is analytic
Is equal to _______
Ans: 3
Solution:
The given matrix is upper triangular & hence diagonal elements represent Eigen values
So, Eigen values are 1, 2, 3, 2
Hence, there are 3 distinct Eigen values
14. A standard CMOS inverter is designed with equal rise and fall times n p . If the width of the pMOS
transistor in the inverter is increased, what would be the effect on the LOW noise margin NML and the HIGH
Ans: (a)
Solution:
The characteristics of CMOS inverter are,
pCox W nCox W
V VM VTP VM VTn
2 2
2L DD
2L
p n
V VM VTP VM VTn
2 2
2 DD
2
n
VDD VM VTp V VTn
p M
n
VDD VTp VTn
p
VM
n
1
p
as p , is VM will reduce
Hence NM 2
will reduce & NM H
increases
15. In the circuit shown, the clock frequency, i.e., the frequency of the CLK signal is 12 kHz. The frequency of the
signal at Q 2 is _______kHz
Ans: 4
Solution:
Next state equation
Q1 D1 Q 2 D2
Q1 Q1Q 2 Q1 Q2
Q 2 Q1
CLK Q2 Q1
0 0 0
1 0 1
2 1 0
3 0 0
Waveform at Q 2
1 f 12
Frequency CLK 4kHz
3TCLK 3 3
2
16. Consider the signal f t 1 2cos t 3sin t 4cos t , where t is in seconds. Its
3 2 4
fundamental time period, in second, is ________
Ans: 12
Solution:
2
T1 2
2
T2 3
2
3
2
T3 4
2
T1 2
T2 3
T1 2 1
T3 4 2
f t Period
T0 LCM (2, 3, 4) =12sec
17. A linear Hamming code is used to map 4-bit message to 7-bit code words. The encoder mapping is linear. If
the message 0001 is mapped to the codeword 0000111 and the message 0011 is mapped to the codeword
1100110, then the message 0010 is mapped to
(a) 1111000 (b) 1111111
(c) 0010011 (d) 1100001
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Hamming (7, 4) is a linear error connecting code that encodes 4 bits of data into 7 bits by adding 3, parity bits.
We have to form generator matrix
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0
0 1 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0000111
0
0 0 0 1
1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0
0 1 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 1100110
1
0 0 0 1
1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0
0 1 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 1100001
1
0 0 0 1
0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
18. The figure is the high frequency C-V curve of a MOS capacitor (at T=300 K) with ms 0V and no oxide
charges. The flat-band inversion and accumulation conditions are represented respectively by the points
(a) R, P, Q
(b) Q, R, P
(c) P, Q, R
(d) Q, P, R
Ans. (b)
Solution:
VG 0 Accumulation
VG 0 Inversion
P-Accumulation
Q-Flat band
R-Inversion
QRP
19. For the LTI system, the Bode plot for its gain is illustrated in the figure shown. The number of system poles NP
(a) NP 7,NZ 4
(b) NP 6,NZ 3
(c) NP 4,NZ 2
(d) NP 5,NZ 2
Ans: (b)
Solution:
The slope changes from 0dB/dec to -20dB/dec at 10
Hence one pole exists at 10
The slope becomes -60dB/dec at 10
2
Hence 2 poles at 10
2
20. Let Z be an exponential random variable with mean 1. That is the cumulative distribution function of Z is given
by
1 e if x 0
x
Fz x
0 if x 0
Then Pr Z 2 | Z 1 , rounded off to two decimal places, is equal to ________
d
CDF= PDF
dz
e z0
z
fz z
0 z0
e z 0 e2
2
P z 2 e dz z
e2
2
1 1
e z 0 e1
1
P z 1 e dz z
e1
2
1 1
P z 2 e2 0.135
0.366
P z 1 e1 0.367
21. Which one of the following options describes correctly the equilibrium band diagram at T=300K of a Silicon
pnnp configuration shown in the figure?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans: (a)
Solution:
As the doping increases Fermi level shifts towards conduction band in n type semiconductor and Fermi level shifts
towards valence band in p type semiconductor.
22. What is the electric flux E.daˆ through a quarter cylinder of height H (as shown in the figure) due to an
infinitely long line charge along the axis of the cylinder with a charge density of Q?
H 0
(a)
4Q
4H
(b)
Q0
HQ
(c)
0
HQ
(d)
40
Ans: (d)
Solution:
1 L 1 Q
E aˆ
2 2
1 Q
E ds aˆ ddz aˆ
2
Q
E ds d dz
2
/2 H
Q Q Q
E ds 2
ddz
2
0
d dz
0
H
2 2
QH
E ds 4 0
Alternate method
Q enc
E.dS 0
Since the surface is not closed but is a quarter cylinder so the net flux is 1/4th of the flux through closed cylinder
Q enc Q H
E.dS 40
40
23. Let Y(s) be the unit step response of a casual system having a transfer function
3s
Gs
s 1 s 3
Gs
That is , Y s s
. The forced response of the system is
(a) u t 2etu t e3tu t
(b) u t
(c) 2u t
(d) 2u t 2e tu t e3tu t
Ans: (a)
Solution:
1
X s
s
3s
H s
s s 1 s 3
3s
Y s H s X s
s s 1 s 3
2
1 5 2 1
s2
3s s 1 3 s 3
5 1
y t tu t u t 2e tu t e3tu t
3 3
24. The baseband signal m shown in the figure is phase modulated to generate the PM signal
t cos 2fc t km t . The time t on the x-axis in the figure is in milliseconds. If the carrier frequency is
fc 50kHz and k 10 , then the radio of the minimum instantaneous frequency (in kHz) to the maximum
instantaneous frequency (in kHz) is _______ (rounded off to 2 decimal places)
Kp dm t
fi t fc
2 dt
dm t
2
dt max
dm t
1
dt
min
K dm t 10
fi t fc p 50K 2 50K 10K 60K
max 2 dt 2
max
K dm t 10
fi t fc p 50K 45K
min 2 dt 2
min
Ratio
f t
i max
60
1.33
f t
i min
45
25. If X and Y are random variables such that E 2X Y 0 and E X 2Y 33 , then E X E Y _______
Ans: 11
Solution:
2E X E Y 0
E X 2E Y 33
4E X 2E Y 0
E X 2E Y 33
E X 11
E Y 2E X 22
E X E Y 11
Pe depends upon d12
d12 2
Case-2
p t 1 t q t E2 t
d12 1 E
For Pe to be same
d d
12 I 12 II
2 1 E
1+E= 4
E= 3
c(t) to reach 94% of its steady state value lim c t , rounded off to two decimal places, is
t
Ans: (a)
Solution:
C s R s Gs
1
C s
s s 1
2
1 1 1
C s
s s 1 2 s 1
C t 1 tet e t 0.94 1
t 1 e t
0.06
Based on options, t 4.50 sec
27. Two identical copper wires W1 and W2 placed in parallel as shown in the figure, carry current I and 2I
respectively, in opposite direction. If the two wires are separated by a distance of 4r, then the magnitude of the
magnetic field B between the wires at a distance r from W1 is
20 I2
(a)
2r 2
0I
(b)
6 r
6 0I
(c)
5r
5 0I
(d)
6r
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Due to w1
0 I
B aˆ aˆ
2r I
I I
2r 2r
B1 0 aˆ x aˆ y 0 âz
Due to w 2
0 2I 2I
B2 aˆ x aˆ y 0 âz
2 3r 23r
28. In the circuit shown, V1 0 and V2 Vdd . The other relevant parameters are mentioned in the figure. Ignoring
the effect of channel length modulation and the body effect, the value of Iout is ______mA [Rounded off to 1
decimal place]
W
The transistors M1 and M2 form current mirror & based on aspect ratio
L
W
L 3
I1 2 1 1 1.5 mA
W 2
L 1
Since V1 0 M3 is OFF and hence entire
Current I1 flows through M4
Again, M5 and M6 form current mirror
W
L 6 40
Iout I1 1.5 mA 6 mA
W 10
L 5
29. In the circuit shown, the breakdown voltage and the maximum current of the Zener diode are 20V and 60mA
respectively. The values of R1 and R L are 200Ω and 1kΩ respectively. What is the range of Vi that will maintain the
Zener diode in the ‘ON’ state?
Ans: (b)
Solution:
Vz 20
IL 20mA
Rz 1 k
Imin IL IZ min 20mA
Imax IL IZ max 80mA
30. In the circuit shown, if v t 2sin 1000t Volts, R=1kΩ and C=1µF, then the steady state current i(t), in
milliamperes (mA) is
(a) sin 1000t 3cos 1000t
(b) 3sin 1000t cos 1000t
(c) 2sin 1000t 2cos 1000t
(d) sin 1000t cos 1000t
Ans: (b)
Solution:
Convert Y connection of capacitor to delta
CY C
C
3 3
Now, every capacitor is connected parallel to R
1 R
Z R ||
j C 1 j C
3 3
2Z 2R
Z eq Z || Z Z
3 3 1 jRC
31. In the circuit shown, the threshold voltage of the pMOS Vtp and nMOS Vtn transistor are both equal to 1V.
All the transistor have the same output resistance rds of 6MΩ. The other parameter are listed below:
W
nCox 60 A V2 ; 5
L nMOS
W
p Cox 30 A V2 ; 10
L pMOS
n and p are the carrier mobilities and Cox is the capacitance per unit area. Ignoring the effect of channel length
modulation and body bias, the gain of the circuit is _______ (rounded off to 1 decimal place)
Ans: –900
Solution:
Assume node voltage as V
Current through M1 and M2 must be equal
ID1 ID2
W W
p cox p cox
L p L p
4 V 1 V 1
2 2
2 2
3 V V 1
V2
Since M3 and M1 form a current mirror ID3 ID1 and hence current through entire circuit is same
So, trans conductance is same for all transistor
W
gm cox V VT 300 2 1 300 A/V
L GS
Forming AC model for circuit
ID cox
gm
VGS
L
VGS VT
rds
Vout gm V
2 in
Vout 300 6 1800
gmrds
Vin 2 2
Gain 900
xdy ydx
C
The integral being taken in a counter clockwise direction over the closed curve C that forms the boundary of the
region R shown in the figure below. The region R is the area enclosed by the union of 2 3 rectangle and a semi-
circle of radius 1. The line integral evaluates to
(a) 16+2π
(b) 6+ π/2
(c) 8+ π
(d) 12+ π
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Since C is a closed curve
xdy ydx x x y y dxdy 2dxdy 2 Area inside S
C S
33. Let h n be a length-7 discrete time finite impulse response filter, given by
And h n is zero for n 4 . A length 3 finite impulse response approximation g n of h n has to be obtained
such that
d
2
E h,g H e j G e j
Is minimized where H e and G e are the discrete time Fourier transform of h n and g n , respectively. For
j j
the filter that minimize E h,g , the value of 10g 1 g 1 , rounded off to 2 decimal places, is ______
Let Y et H et G et
To minimize
H e G e Y e
2 2
t t
d t
d 2 y 2 n
n
When then y n will be minimum
2
h n 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1
g n 3, 4 , 3
10g 1 g 1 10 3 3 27
34. Consider a six-point decimation in time Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, for which the signal flow graph
j2
corresponding to X[1] is shown in the figure. Let W6 exp . In the figure, what should be the values of
6
the coefficients a1 ,a2 ,a3 in terms of W6 so that X[1] is obtained correctly?
Ans: (a)
Solution:
5
X K x n W6nk
n0
5
X 1 x n W6n
n0
X 1 x 0 x W 1
6
x 2 W62 x 3 W63 x 4 W64 x 5 W65
X 1 x 0 x 3 W6 x 1 x 4 W62 x 2 x 5
In diagram
X 1 a1 x 0 x 3 a2 x 1 x 4 a3 x 2 x 5
a1 1
a2 W6
a3 W62
35. A voice signal m(t) is in frequency range 5kHz to 15kHz. The signal is amplitude modulated to generate an AM
signal f t A 1 m t cos2fc t , where fc 600kHz . The AM signal f(t) is to be digitized and archived. This is
done by first sampling f(t) at 1.2 times the Nyquist frequency, and then quantizing each sample using a 256-level
quantizer. Finally each quantizer sample is binary coded using K bits, where K is the minimum number of bits
required for the encoding. The rate in Megabits per second (rounded off to 2 decimal places) of the resulting
stream of coded bits is _____ Mbps
m t
s t
s t Band-pass
2fH
fs fNy
k
f 615 615
k H 20.5
fH fL 615 585 30
k=20
2 615
fs 61.5k samples/sec fNy
20
fs 1.2fNy 1.2 61.5 73.8k samples/sec
36. The RC circuit shown below has a variable resistance R(t) given by the following expression:
t
R t R 0 1 for 0 t T
T
Where R 0 1 and C=1 F. We also given that T 3R 0 C and the source voltage is VS 1V . If the current at time
t=0 is 1A, then the current I(t), in amperes, at time t T is ______ (rounded off to 2 decimal places)
2
For t 0
t 1
1 iR 0 1 idt
T C
dt
du
T
dt Tdu
2
3du
di 3 2 du
i u u
Integrate both sides
lni 2lnu C
t
lni 2ln 1 C
T
i 0 1
0 2ln1 C
C0
t
lni t 2ln 1
T
T
At t
2
T 1
lni 2ln 2ln2
2 2
lni ln4
i 4A
37. The quantum efficiency and respectively (R) at a wavelength (in µm) in a p-i-n photo-detector are
related by
1.24
(a) R (b) R
1.24
1.24
(c) R (d) R
1.24
Ans: (a)
Solution:
IP
R
Pin
IP
re q
rp Pin
h
I nq
P
Pin h
n q
R
hc
n m
R
1.24
L= 256
n= 8bits/sample
Rb nfs
Rb 8 73.8kbps
Rb 590.4kbps
Rb 0.5904Mbps
38. A single bit, equally likely to be 0 and 1, is to be send across an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
N0
channel with power spectral density . Binary signalling, with 0 p(t) amd 1 q(t), is used for the
2
transmission along with an optimal receiver that minimizes the bit-error probability.
Let 1 t , 2 t from an orthogonal signal set
If we keep p t t , but take q t E t , for what value of E would we obtain the same bit-error
1 2
probability Pb ?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 0 (d) 3
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Case-1
p t 1 t q t 1 t
Constellation diagram
39. A Germanium sample of dimension 1cm 1cm is illuminated with a 20mW, 600nm laser light source as shown
in the figure. The illuminated sample surface has a 100nm of loss less Silicon dioxide layer that reflects one-fourth
of the incident light. From the remaining light, on-third of the power is reflected from the silicon dioxide
Germanium interface, one-third is absorbed in the Germanium layer and one-third is transmitted through the
other side of the sample. If the absorption coefficient of Germanium at 600nm is 3 10 cm and the band gap is
4 1
0.66eV, the thickness of the Germanium layer, rounded off to 3 decimal places is ______µm
I x I0edx
I I x
e
4 2
1
ex
2
ex 2
x ln2
ln2
x cm
3 104
x 0.231 104 cm
x 0.231 m
40. Consider a long channel MOSFET with a channel length 1µm and width 10µm. The device parameters are
concentration NA 5 10 cm ; mobility n 800cm V s ,
16 3 2
acceptor electron oxide capacitance/area
Cox 3.45 107 F cm2 , threshold voltage VT 0.7V . The rain saturation current IDsat for a gate voltage of 5V
is ______ mA [rounded off to two decimal places] 0 8.854 104 F cm, Si 11.9
41. In the circuits shown, the threshold voltage of each nMOS transistor is 0.6 V. Ignoring the effect of channel
length modulation and body bias, the values of Vout1 and Vout2. Respectively, in volts, are
Ans: (a)
Solution:
In a MOS switch the source voltage is given by
VS min VD , VG VT
For 1st circuit
42. Let the state-space representation of an LTI system be x t A x t B u(t), y t C x t d u t where A,
y t is its output. Let B 0
T
B, C are matrices, d is a scalar, u(t) is the input to the system, and 0 1 and d =
0. Which one of the following options for A and C will ensure that the transfer function of this LTI system is
1
H(s) ?
s3 3s2 2s 1
0 1 0
(a) A 0 0 1 and C 1 0 0
3 2 1
0 1 0
(b) A 0 0 1 and C 0 0 1
1 2 3
0 1 0
(c) A 0 0 1 and C 0 0 1
3 2 1
0 1 0
(d) A 0 0 1 and C 1 0 0
1 2 3
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Using controllable canonical form
0 1 0 0
A 0 0 1 B 0
1 2 3 1
C 1 0 0
43. A CMOS inverter, designed to have a mid-point voltage V1 equal to half of Vdd , as shown in the figure, has
the following parameters:
Vdd 3 V
nCox 100A / V2 : Vtn 0.7 V for nMOS
pCox 40 A / V2 : Vtp 0.9 V for pMOS
w w
The ratio of to is equal to ___________ (rounded off to 3 decimal places).
L n L p
VDD
For NMOS, VGS Vin
2
VDD
For PMOS, VGS VDD Vin
2
Since current through both Tx must be equal IDp IDn
Also, VDS VGS and hence transistor is in saturation
2
W V
nCox DD VTn
L n 2
1 2
W V
pCox DD VTp
L p 2
W
L n 40 1.5 0.9
2
44. Let a random process Y t be described as Y t h t X t Z t , where X t is a white noise process
with power spectral density S f 5 W / Hz . The filter h t has a magnitude response given by
x
H f 0.5 for 0.5 for 5 f 5 , and zero elsewhere, Z t is a stationary random process, uncorrelated
with X t , with power spectral density as shown in the figure. The power in Y t , in watts, is equal to
_______________ W (rounded off to two decimal places).
h t
FT
z t
PSD
S Y1 f H f Sx f
2
y t y1 t z t
Py t Py1 t Pz t 2 y1 t z t dt
5
1 5 10
Sy1 t df H f S x f df 5
2
Py1 t
5
4
df
4
12.5 watt
1
Pz t S f 2 10 1 5 watt
z
2 x t h t z t dt 0
45. The block diagram of a system is illustrated in the figure shown, where X s
is the input and Y s is the
Y s
output. The transfer function H s X s
is
s2 1
(a) H s s3 s2 s 1
s 1
(b) H s 2
s s 1
s2 1
(c) H s 3
s 2s2 s 1
s2 1
(d) H s 2
2s 1
Ans: (c)
Solution:
Since s & 1 are in parallel
s
s2 1
G1 s 1
s s
Due to unity feedback
G1 s2 1
T1
1 G1 s2 s 1
Now, 1 is cascade to T1
s
s2 1
G2
s s2 s 1
Due to unity feedback
s2 1
T
s3 2s2 s 1
46. A random variable X takes values 1 and 1 with probabilities 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. It is transmitted
across a channel which adds noise N, so that the random variable at the channel output is Y X N . The noise
N is independent of X, and is uniformly distributed over the interval 2, 2 . The receiver makes a decision.
1, if Y
X
1, if Y
ˆ X . The minimum
Where the threshold 1, 1 is chosen so as to minimize the probability of error Pr X
probability of error, rounded off to 1 decimal place, is ____________.
Ans: 0.1
Solution:
P X 1 0.8 P 1TX
P X 1 0.2 P 0TX
1 N when 1 is TX
Y
1 N when is TX
pdf of N:
Fig
1 1
1 0
PeP 0TX P P 1TX P
0TX 1TX
1
fY 1
P P y y dy 1
0TX
0TX 4
0
fY
P
1T
P y
1T
y dy 14 1
X X
0.2
Pe
4
1 0.8
4
1
0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8
Pe
4
0.6 1
Pe
4
0.6 1 0.4
Pe min Pe 1 0.1
4 4
k
47. Consider a unity feedback system, as in the figure shown, with an integral compensator and open-loop
s
1
transfer function G s s2 3s 2
Where K 0 . The positive value of K for which there are exactly two poles of the unity feedback system on the
j axis is equal to __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 6
Solution:
Apply Routh criteria
s3 1 2
s2 3 k
6 k
s1
3
s0 k
For marginally stable system, coefficient of s’=0
k=6
48. A rectangular waveguide of width w and height h has cut-off frequencies for TE10 and TE11 modes in the
ratio 1 : 2. The aspect ratio w/h, rounded off to two decimal places, is _____________.
y 1 1 and y 2 14
The value of y 1.5 , rounded off to two decimal places, is ____________.
v2
f2
c1 4a2 1
f 2
v2 v2 4
2
4a2 4b2
4 1 1
2 2
a2 a b
3 1
2
a2 b
a
3
b
a
1.732
b
50. Consider a differentiable function f x on the set of real numbers such that f 1 0 and f x 2 . Given
'
these conditions, which one of the following inequalities is necessarily true for all x 2, 2 ?
1
(a) f x
2
x
1
(b) f x x 1
2
(c) f x 2 x
(d) f x 2 x 1
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Since f x 2
2 f x 2
In option 4
f 1 2 x 1 0
The graph of 2 x 1 is shown below
Since f x & 2 x 1 are equal at x 1 & f x cannot grow at rate higher than 2 so it will always lie below
2 x 1
51. In an ideal pn junction with an ideality factor of 1 at T=300 K, the magnitude of the reverse-bias voltage
required to reach 75% of its reverse saturation current, rounded off to 2 decimal places, is ___________mV.
k 1.38 1023 Jk 1 , h 6.625 1034 J s,q 1.602 1019 C
1
VD VT ln VT ln4
4
VD 25.9ln4 35.9mV
Since, voltage is given as reverse, we mark positive value
VD 35.9mV
52. It is desired to find a three-tap causal filter which gives zero signal as an output to an input of the form.
jn jn
x n c1 exp c2 exp ,
2 2
where c1 and c2 are arbitrary real numbers, The desired three-tap filter is given by
(a) a 1 , b 1
(b) a 0 , b 1
(c) a 0 , b 1
(d) a 1 , b 1
Ans: (c)
Solution:
H e j h n e jn
h
H e h 0 h 1 e h 2 e
j j 2 j
H e 1 ae be
j j 2 j
jn
j
c1e 2
1 ae 2
be j
jn
c1e 2 1 ja b
jn
j
c2 e 2
1 ae 2
be j
jn
c2e 2 1 ja b
jn jn
y n c1e 2 1 b ja c2e 2 1 b ja
For y n to be zero
b 1
a0
53. In the circuit shown, Vs is a 10 V square wave of period, T 4 ms with R 500 and c 10 F. The
capacitor is initially uncharged at t=0, and the diode is assumed to be ideal. The voltage across the capacitor
V
c
at 3 ms is equal to __________ volts (rounded off to one decimal place).
Vc 10 1 e
t
At t=2msec
Vc 2 10 1 e 5 3.296V
2
Now, diode remains off from 2msec to 4msec
Vc Constant= 3.296V
54. The dispersion equation of a waveguide, which relates the wavenumber k to the frequency , is
k 1 / c 2 20
Where the speed of light c 3 108 m / s and 0 is a constant. If the group velocity is 2 108 m / s , then the
phase velocity is
(a) 1.5 108 m / s
(b) 4.5 108 m / s
(c) 3 108 m / s
(d) 2 108 m / s
Ans. (b)
Solution:
1 2
K 20
c
Vg 2 108 m / sec
2
1 f0 f
c
c
2
1 f0 f
v p . v g c2
9 1016
vg
2 108
vg 4.5 108 m / sec
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans: (d)
Solution:
Equation of next state State transition diagram
Q D
Q Q.Y Q AQ AQ
Q AQ
With 1: F/F 2 state will be present 0 and 1
Here input is A
Q A Q AQ
PS Input NS
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
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