HENLE

I VOCABULARY- CH A

NOUNS
First Declension (mostly Feminine) Second Declension (Neuter)
Nominative (subject) -a -ae Nominative (subject) -um -a
Genitive (possessive – “of “…) -ae -arum Genitive (possessive – “of” …) -i -orum
Dative (ind. obj.– “to” or “for”...) -ae -is Dative (ind. obj.– “to” or “for”…) -o -is
Accusative (direct object) -am -as Accusative (direct object) -um -a
Ablative (obj. of the prep.- “by’’, “with”..) -a -is -o
Ablative (obj. of the prep.- “by’’, “with”..) -is

copia, ae (sing.) supply, abundance arma, armorum (pl.) arms
copiae, arum (pl.) troops, forces bellum, i war
Gallia, ae Gaul castra, orum (pl.) camp
gloria, ae glory, fame caelum, i heaven, sky
gratia, ae (sing.) favor, influence, grace frumentum, i grain, (pl. - crops)
gratiae, arum (pl.) thanks impedimenta, orum (pl.) baggage, baggage train
inopia, ae scarcity, want hibera, orum (pl.) winter quarters
litterae, arum (pl.) letter, dispatch imperium, i command, power, empire
Maria, ae Mary oppidum, i town
nauta, ae (m.) sailor periculum, i danger
porta, ae gate praemium, i reward
provincia, ae province regnum, i kingdom, royal power
Roma, ae Rome signum, i standard, signal, sign
silva, ae forest telum, I dart
terra, ae land, earth
via, ae road, way
victoria, ae victory Third Declension (Regular – Masc. & Fem.)
-various -es Gender
Second Declension (Masculine) -is -um Naural Gender Rule
Nominative (subject) -us -i -i -ibus SOX – Feminine
Genitive (possessive – “of”…) -i -orum -em -es ER OR – Masculine
Dative (ind. obj.– “to” or “for”...) -o -is -e -ibus LANCET - Neuter
Accusative (direct object) -um -os
-o
Ablative (obj. of the prep.- “by’’, “with”..) -is Caesar, Caesaris Caesar
centurio, centurionis centurion
amicus, i friend clamor, clamoris shout, shouting
Christianus, i Christian dux, ducis leader
Christus, i Christ eques, equitis horsemen, (pl. - cavalry)
Deus, i God frater, fratris brother
dominus, i master, Lord homo, hominis man
filius, i son imperator, imperatoris commander in chief,
Gallus, i a Gaul general
gladius, i sword legio, legionis (f.) legion
locus, i place lex, legis law
mundus, i world lux, lucis light
murus, i wall mater, matris mother
numerus, i number miles, militis soldier
populus, i people, nation oratio, orationis speech, prayer
Romanus, i a Roman pater, patris father
servus, i slave, servant pax, pacis peace
princeps, principis chief, leading man
 NOUNS (3rd cont’d) Fourth Declension (usually Masculine)
Nominative (subject) -us -us
rex, regis king Genitive (possessive – “of” …) -us -uum
salus, salutis safety, welfare, salvation Dative (ind. obj.– “to” or “for”…) -ui -ibus
veritas, veritatis truth Accusative (direct object) -um -us
virtus, virtutis courage, virtue Ablative (obj. of the prep.- “by’’, “with”..) -u -ibus
vox, vocis voice, cry
adventus, us arrival, coming
equitatus, us cavalry
exercitus, us army
Third Declension (i-stem – Masc. & Fem.) impetus, us attack
-various -es Gender metus, us fear
-is -ium Naural Gender Rule portus, us harbor
-i -ibus SOX – Feminine senatus, us senate
-em -es ER OR – Masculine spiritus, us breath, spirit
-e -ibus LANCET - Neuter

caedes, caedis slaughter
collis, collis (m.) hill Fifth Declension (mostly Feminine)
fines, finium (m, pl.) territory Nominative (subject) -es -es
gens, gentis tribe Genitive (possessive – “of” …) -ei -erum
hostis, hostis enemy Dative (ind. obj.– “to” or “for”…) -ei -ebus
mons, montis (m.) mountain Accusative (direct object) -em -es
mors, mortis death Ablative (obj. of the prep.- “by’’, “with”..) -e -ebus
pars, partis part
pons, pontis (m.) bridge acies, aciei battleline
urbs, urbis city fides, fidei faith, reliability, faithfulness
res, rei thing, affair, matter
spes, spei hope

Third Declension (Neuter)
-various -a Personal Pronouns
-is -um ego, mei (1st person, sing.) I
-i -ibus nos, nostri (1st person, pl.) we
-various -a tu, tui (2nd person, sing.) you
-e -ibus vos, vestri (2nd person, pl.) you (all)
is, ea, id (3rd person, sing.) he, she, it
agmen, agminis column, army (on the march) sui (3rd person) himself, herself,
corpus, corporis body itself, themselves
flumen, fluminis river
iter, itineris journey, march, route
nomen, nominis name
vulnus, vulneris wound
OTHER
Jesus, u Jesus
prima luce at dawn
in saecula saeculorum world without end,
forever
in principio in the beginning


CONJUNCTIONS
autem however ADJECTIVES
enim also
et and 1st & 2nd Declension Adj. -us, -a, -um
et…et both…and…
itaque therefore, and so Masc. (like 2nd D) Fem. (like 1st D) Neuter (like 2nd D)
neque nor, and….not -us -i -a -ae -um -a
quod because -i -orum -ae -arum -i -orum
sed but -o -is -ae -is -o -is
sicut as -um -os -am -as -um -a
-o -is -a -is -o -is

alienus, a, um unfavorable, another’s, foreign
PREPOSITIONS altus, a, um high, deep
with ACCUSATIVE angustus, a, um narrow
per through bonus, a, um good
post after, behind Christianus, a, um Christian
propter on account of cupidus, a, um (w/Gen.) eager (for), desirous
in in, on (with movement) (of)
into, upon, against finitimus, a, um (w/Dat.) neighboring, next
longus, a, um long
with ABLATIVE magnus, a, um great, large
cum with malus, a, um bad, evil, ugly
de concerning, about multus, a, um much, many (pl.)
in in, on plenus, a, um (w/Gen. or Abl.) full
pro in front of (before) primus, a, um first
on behalf of (for) reliquus, a, um remaining, rest of
Romanus, a, um Roman
sanctus, a, um holy, saint
ADVERBS tutus, a, um safe
etiam also
fortiter bravely, strongly
ibi there
3rd Declension Adjectives -is, -e
interim meanwhile Masc. & Fem. Neuter
longe far, by far -is -es -e -ia --
non not is -ium -is -ium
nunc now -i -ibus -i -ibus
saepe often -em -es -e -ia
semper always -i -ibus -I -ibus
tamen nevertheless
undique from (or on) all sides
brevis, e short
communis, e common
difficilis, e difficult
QUESTIONS facilis, e easy
quis (pronoun) who? fortis, e brave, strong
quid (pronoun) what? gravis, e heavy, severe, serious
ubi (adv) where? nobilis, e noble, renowned
cur (adv) why? omnis, e all, everything
-ne particle used in questions similis, e (w/ Gen. or Dat.) like, similar
VERBS To Be – Present Tense
Units 1 & 2 (1st Semester) sum (I am) sumus (we are)
agunt they give (with gratias) es (you are) estis (you (all) are)
audivit he, she, it heard est (he, she, it is/ sunt (they are/there are)
there is)
dedit he, she, it gave

dederunt they gave
To Be – Imperfect Tense
fecerunt they made
eram (I was) eramus (we were)
incolunt they dwell, inhabit
eras (you were) eratis (you (all) were)
laudat he, she, it praises
erat (he, she, it was/ erant (they were/there was)
laudant they praise there was)
muniverunt they fortified
they constructed (with vias)
To Be – Future Tense
occiderunt they killed ero (I will be) erimus (we will be)
orat he, she, it prayed eris (you will be) eritis (you (all) will be)
orant they prayed erit (he, she, it will be) erunt (they will be)
posuerunt they put, placed
they pitched (with castra)

venit he, she, it came
venerunt they came 1st Conjugation Verbs
vicerunt they conquered (laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus)
videt he, she, it sees
vident they see do, dare, dedi, datus give
videtis you (all) see laudo, praise
PERSONAL ENDINGS occupo, seize
oppugno, attack, assault
oro, beg, pray
Present Tense paro, prepare, get ready
Singular Plural porto, carry
1st Person o mus pugno, fight
2nd Person s tis supero , overcome, conquer,
3rd Person t nt surpass
voco, call
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
1st Person bam bāmus

2nd Person bās bātis 2nd Conjugation Verbs
3rd Person bat bant (moneo, monere, monui, monitus)

habeo, have
moneo, warn, advise
Future Tense moveo, movere, movi, motus move
Singular Plural sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, sustentus
1st Person bō bimus sustain, withstand
2nd Person bis bitis teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus hold
3rd Person bit bunt terreo, (no 4 P.P.)
th terrify
timeo, fear

Stem + Conjugation Sign + Tense Sign + video, videre, vidi, visus see
Personal Ending = laud + a + ba + nt



Latin Pronouns – Personal and Reflexive
1st Person 1st Person 2nd 2nd Person 3rd Person 3rd Person 3rd Person
Singular Plural Person Plural Singular Plural Sing./Pl.
(I/me) (we/us) Singular (you (all)) (he/him, (they/them) Reflexive
#123 #123 (you) #124 she/her, it) #128 (him/her/itself/
#124 #128 themselves)
#127
Nominative ego Nos tu vos is (he), ea ei (m), eae
(subject) (she), id (it) (f), ------------
ea (n)
Genitive mei nostri tui vestri ejus eorum (m/n), sui
(possessive) (nostrum) (vestrum) earum (f),
Dative mihi Nobis tibi vobis ei eis sibi
(indirect
object)
Accusative me Nos te vos eum (him), eos (m), eas se (sese)
(direct object) eam (her), (f), ea (n)
id (it)
Ablative me Nobis te vobis eo (him, it) eis se (sese)
(object of the ea (her)
prep)

4th Conjugation Verbs
3rd Conjugation Verbs (audio, audire, audivi, auditus)
(mitto, mittere, misi, missus)

ago, agree, egi, actus drive, do, act, audio hear
treat
contendo, contendere, contendi strive, convenio, conveniere, conveni, conventum
contend, come together
hasten assemble
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus defend
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus lead, guide munio fortify
gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry, carry on, construct (w. viam/vias)
wage (w. bellum)
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus draw up venio, venire, veni, ventum come
equip
mitto, mittere, misi, missus send
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus drive, repulse, rout Present #167 Imperfect #170 Future #173
peto, petere, petivi, petitus seek, beg, request audio audiebam audiam
pono, ponere, posui, positus put, place, set audis audiebas audies
pitch (w. castra) audit audiebat audiet
vinco, vincere, vici, victus conquer audimus audiebamus audiemus
auditis audiebatis audietis
Present #166 Imperfect #169 Future #172 audiunt audiebant audient
mitto mittebam mittam
mittis mittebas mittes
mittit mittebat mittet Irregular Verbs
mittimus mittebamus mittemus absum, abesse, afui, afuturus; ab (a) am away
mittitis mittebatis mittetis am distant
mittunt mittebant mittent sum, esse, fui, futurus am