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Earthing Exercise B1 IEEE STD 80 PDF
Earthing Exercise B1 IEEE STD 80 PDF
Set variables:
i 1 j i MVA MW
Design Data:
2
Aavailable 63 m 84 m Aavailable = 5292 m available grounding area 63m x 84m
ZT2 ZT1 ZT0 ZT1 neg and zero seq same as positive sequence
Page 1 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 2 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Assumptions:
Solution:
Step 1: Field Data
Use a grid of 70m x 70m, equal distances, to the tenth value, and square shape.
2
Aavailable 63 m 84 m Aavailable = 5292 m
2
Asgtd 70 m 70 m Asgtd = 4900 m Area suggested sgtd, also it
prevents errror with unit for
Amperes A when A is used for Area
Step 2: Conductor size
Ignoring station resistance, symmetrical ground fault current If = 3I0 is calculated
Vll 3
Vln = 66.395 10 V HV primary side of step down transformer
3
Rf 0
Z1 = 4 + 10j R1 Re Z1 = 4 X1 Im Z1 = 10
Z2 = 4 + 10j R2 Re Z2 = 4 X2 Im Z2 = 10
Z0 = 10 + 40j R0 Re Z0 = 10 X0 Im Z0 = 40
| 3 Vln |
ThreeI0 | |
| 3 Rf + R1 + R2 + R0 + j X1 + X2 + X0 ohm |
ThreeI0 = 3180 A
X1 + X2 + X0
XoverR
R1 + R2 + R0
XoverR = 3.333
Transfer the fault from the 115kV side of transfomer to the 13kV side. Since the
transformer is delta-wye connected, only the positive seq is transferred to 13kV side.
Page 3 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
2
VT_sec_ll
ZT1lv_new Z1 + ZT1
VT_pri_ll
VT_sec_ll 3
Vln_lv Vln_lv = 7.506 10 V
3
| 3 Vln_lv |
ThreeI0lv | |
| 3 Rf + R1lv + R2lv + R0lv + j X1lv + X2lv + X0lv ohm |
ThreeI0lv = 6815 A
IF ThreeI0lv
XoverRlv = 16.146
The 13kV bus on the low voltage side of the transformer should be used for sizing the
grounding conductor as it is higher than the high volatage side o transformer.
Page 4 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Using Table 10 above for fault duration of 0.5s, the decrement factor Df is
approximately 1.0. Thus the rms assymmterical fault current is also 6815A.
If asymmetrical rms = Df x rms symmetrical = 1.0 x 6815A = 6815A
Assymetrical fault = symmetrical + dc offset fault (transient fault)
Start with first choice of conductor copper cable, at ambient temperature 40 deg C.
From table 10 above Copper, commercial hard drawn Tm= 1084 deg C, Kf = 7.06
We need to find the required cross sectional area of the conductor.
Akcmil = I(kA) x Kf x Sqrt(tc duration of fault current)
3
Kf 7.06 tc 0.5 IF = 6.815 10 A IF_unitless 6815
IF_unitless Kf tc
Akcmil = 34.022 kcmil (Typically American Unit)
1000
Page 5 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
However this cable size will not have the adequate mechanical strength and ruggedness
requirements for the installation.
A larger crosss section area cable size 70mm is used, and American Gauge 2/0. Stranded
conductor, instead of solid.
A70 70 mm
A70 4 dmm
dmm dmm = 9.441 dm
1000
dm = 0.0094 m approximately for stranded conductor
American Wire Gauge diameter for 2/0 in meter from wire charts:
dawg_m 0.0105
Since the diameter is in metric for AWG and Metric cables, we will approximate
it to d = 0.01m
dm 0.01
Page 6 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 7 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Use values from Table 1, copper clad steel wire with 30% conductivity.
r 0.00378
K0 245
Tm 1084
r 5.86
Tm 700 design value - conservative maximum limit as stated above in
description of action to take, user input.
TCAP 3.8
Ta 40 ambient temperature
Current IF in kA
IF_unitless
IF_kA IF_kA = 6.815
1000
Akcmil 0 Amm 0
(197.4))
Akcmil IF_kA
TCAP K0 + Tm
ln
tc r r K0 + Ta
Amm = 33.811 mm
Our d_min as calculated is lower than d = 0.01 m. Hence the 30% copper-clad steel
cable of approximately 70mm is a viable alternative for grid conductor, even if a
conservative maximum temperature of 700C is imposed. See page 6 when 70m mcable
was used.
Page 8 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
400 ohm m
Initialise variable used prior:
s 0
s 2500 ohm m
s
K K is the reflection factor
+ s
K = 0.724 negative value as expected due to surface material resistivity greater than soil
resistivity, in this case only some grid current goes up the surface. the reverse
would had more current going up the surface with K as a positive value.
hs thickness of surface
material was given in the
design data = 0.102m
Page 9 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
From the figure above for K=-0.724 (-0.7) the resistivity of the surface material is
to be reduced by a factor of approximately Cs = 0.74
Cs_graph 0.74
If the graph was not accurate enough the equation below does calulcate the reduction
factor Cs.
hs = 0.102 m
hs 0.102 value re-entered without unit meter to make result work
0.09 1
s
Cs 1
2 hs + 0.09
0.157
Estep70 1000 + 6 Cs s Estep70 = 2696.097 Volts
ts
0.157
Etouch70 1000 + 1.5 Cs s Etouch70 = 840.548 Volts
ts
Page 10 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
3
LT = 1.54 10 m
Page 11 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
400
1 1 1
Rg + 1+ ohm m
LT 20 Asgtd 20
1 +h
Asgtd
Rg = 2.776
Note:
Though the 13kV bus fault
value of 6815A is greater
than the 115kV bus fault
value of 3180A, it is recalled
from clause 15 of the
standard that the wye-
grounded 13kV transformer
winding is a local source of
fault current and does not
contribute to the GPR. Thus
the maximum grid current is
based on the 3180A fault on
the 115kV bus.
Ig = Df x Sf x 3I0
Page 12 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
GPR IG Rg
GPR = 5296 V
Etouch70 = 840.548
Page 13 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 14 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
LC LT = 1540 m
n na nb nc nd
n = 11
1
Kii Kii = 0.57
2
n
(2 n))
h
Kh 1+ Kh = 1.225
h0
2 2
1 D (D 2 h)) h Kii 8
Km ln + + ln
2 16 h d 8 D d 4 d Kh (2 n 1)
Ki 0.644 + 0.148 n
Ki = 2.272
Page 15 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
LT IG
LC = 1540 = 400 IGunitless = 1907.854
m A
IGunitless Km Ki
Em Em = 994.689 Volts
LC
Em = 994.689 Volts
Page 16 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 17 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 18 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 19 of 20
Karl S Bogha
IEEE Std 80 - 2013 (Guide for Safety of AC Substation Grounding)
Annex B
Sample Calculation: B1.
Page 20 of 20