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Understanding IEC 60909 PDF
Understanding IEC 60909 PDF
Terminology/definitions
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not a current that can be measured, rather it is calculated. It is a
mathematical model of a decaying transient inherent in the fault current
waveform.
Ip = Peak Current. This is the maximum peak of i(t) as illustrated in Fig. 1.
The theoretical maximum is 2 2 I k as already shown. It is the half-cycle
peak as expressed by equation 2.13.
Ib = Breaking Current. A current duty intended for the rating of the current
interrupting device for when the contacts part. For far contributions,
breaking duty equals initial symmetrical current, I k. For near contributions
special multipliers need to be applied to account for the AC decrement. Ib
has no DC decrement but Ib(asym) considers both AC and DC decrement.
Ib is a symmetrical r.m.s. current 55ms (for example) down the line
from I k.
2
IDC
Ib(asym) Ib2 (1)
2
Summary
The short circuit current for an RL circuit in which the pre-load current can be ignored is :
t
2 V
i( t ) iac ( t ) idc ( t ) sin( t ) sin( ) e T A. (2)
Z
Where,
t
2 V 2 V T
iac ( t ) sin( t ) A , idc ( t ) sin( ) e A,
Z Z
L X
Z R j L R2 X2 , arctan arctan and
R R
= impedance angle
= initial phase displacement (or offset) angle of the source voltage, v(t)
L X X
The time constant, T, for the circuit is given by, T s. For a threephase fault, L
R R 2 f R
and R are the positive sequence inductance and resistance of the system. For an earthfault, L and R
are derived from ZTOT = RTOT + jXTOT = Z1 + Z2 + Z0 .
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t
2 V T
The maximum possible offset occurs when = ±90°, i.e. i( t ) sin( t 90 ) e or
Z
t
2 V
i( t ) sin( t 90 ) e T A.
Z
asymmetry factor. The asymmetrical r.m.s. fault current varies from 3·IAC when t = 0 to IAC when t
is large where IAC = InitSymRMS. Note that the asymmetrical rms current does not form part of
IEC60909.
3R
The peak current, Ip, as per IEC 60909 is given by Ip 2 Ik" 1.02 0.98 e X . The limit for
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