Linear Electrical Machines
S. Osei Fobi
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, UENR, Sunayni
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 1 / 12
1 Introduction
2 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 2 / 12
Introduction
Conventionally, motor drive systems coupled with belt
and other mechanisms were used to provide linear
motions in applications requiring linear motions.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12
Introduction
Conventionally, motor drive systems coupled with belt
and other mechanisms were used to provide linear
motions in applications requiring linear motions.
Linear electric motors have gained considerable
attention
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12
Introduction
Conventionally, motor drive systems coupled with belt
and other mechanisms were used to provide linear
motions in applications requiring linear motions.
Linear electric motors have gained considerable
attention
The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the
load directly.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12
Introduction
Conventionally, motor drive systems coupled with belt
and other mechanisms were used to provide linear
motions in applications requiring linear motions.
Linear electric motors have gained considerable
attention
The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the
load directly.
This ensures higher accuracy, less friction and low
mechanical maintenance and longer life
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12
Applications requiring translational motion include
transport systems.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 4 / 12
Applications requiring translational motion include
transport systems.
Linear electrical machines eliminate the need for extra
means for converting rotation motion to linear
motion.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 4 / 12
Applications requiring translational motion include
transport systems.
Linear electrical machines eliminate the need for extra
means for converting rotation motion to linear
motion.
Examples of Linear electrical machines are
Linear induction motor (LIM)
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 4 / 12
Applications requiring translational motion include
transport systems.
Linear electrical machines eliminate the need for extra
means for converting rotation motion to linear
motion.
Examples of Linear electrical machines are
Linear induction motor (LIM)
Linear synchronous motor (LSM)
Linear Reluctance Motor (LRM)
Linear Levitation Motor (LLM)
DC Linear Motor (DCLM)
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 4 / 12
1 Introduction
2 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 5 / 12
Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 6 / 12
Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.
If produce linear or translational motion.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 6 / 12
Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.
If produce linear or translational motion.
Consider, cutting the rotary machine (along x-y in
figure 1), a linear induction is obtained.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 6 / 12
Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.
If produce linear or translational motion.
Consider, cutting the rotary machine (along x-y in
figure 1), a linear induction is obtained.
We will use the terms primary and secondary
instead of stator and rotor respectively
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 6 / 12
Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.
If produce linear or translational motion.
Consider, cutting the rotary machine (along x-y in
figure 1), a linear induction is obtained.
We will use the terms primary and secondary
instead of stator and rotor respectively
Rotating field is created,in the air gap, in a rotary
induction machine, if the stator is supplied with a
three-phase supply
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 6 / 12
Figure 1: (a)Rotary induction motor (b)Iinear induction motor
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 7 / 12
Construction and Operation
If a three-phase supply is connected to the primary of
the LIM, a traveling field is created, that travels
along the length of the primary
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 8 / 12
Construction and Operation
If a three-phase supply is connected to the primary of
the LIM, a traveling field is created, that travels
along the length of the primary
The traveling field will induce current in the
conductor on the secondary part.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 8 / 12
Construction and Operation
If a three-phase supply is connected to the primary of
the LIM, a traveling field is created, that travels
along the length of the primary
The traveling field will induce current in the
conductor on the secondary part.
The induced current will interact the traveling field to
produce a translational force, F .
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 8 / 12
Construction and Operation
If a three-phase supply is connected to the primary of
the LIM, a traveling field is created, that travels
along the length of the primary
The traveling field will induce current in the
conductor on the secondary part.
The induced current will interact the traveling field to
produce a translational force, F .
If the secondary is free to move, the secondary will
follow the traveling field.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 8 / 12
Construction and Operation
NB: Either the primary or secondary can be made
stationary and the other mobile.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 9 / 12
Construction and Operation
NB: Either the primary or secondary can be made
stationary and the other mobile.
When the primary is the runner, appropriate means
must be provide for supplying electrical power.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 9 / 12
Performance
The synchronous velocity/speed is
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
Pp is the pole pitch
f is the supply frequency
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 10 / 12
Performance
The synchronous velocity/speed is
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
Pp is the pole pitch
f is the supply frequency
The synchronous speed is independent of the number
of poles.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 10 / 12
Performance
The synchronous velocity/speed is
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
Pp is the pole pitch
f is the supply frequency
The synchronous speed is independent of the number
of poles.
The slip is given as
Vs − V
s= (2)
Vs
V is the speed of the runner.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 10 / 12
Performance
The per-phase equivalent circuit has the same form
the rotary induction motor.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 11 / 12
Performance
The per-phase equivalent circuit has the same form
the rotary induction motor.
The force is given by
air gap power, Pg
F =
synchronous velocity, Vs
3I202 R2
= N (3)
sVs
Performance
The per-phase equivalent circuit has the same form
the rotary induction motor.
The force is given by
air gap power, Pg
F =
synchronous velocity, Vs
3I202 R2
= N (3)
sVs
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 11 / 12
Performance
The air gap is relatively large. Hence, Xm is relatively
low.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 12 / 12
Performance
The air gap is relatively large. Hence, Xm is relatively
low.
Hence, excitation current is high and power factor is
low.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 12 / 12
Performance
The air gap is relatively large. Hence, Xm is relatively
low.
Hence, excitation current is high and power factor is
low.
The LIM operates at a larger slip.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 12 / 12
Performance
The air gap is relatively large. Hence, Xm is relatively
low.
Hence, excitation current is high and power factor is
low.
The LIM operates at a larger slip.
The losses in the secondary is high, making the
efficiency low.
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 12 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost
No centrifugal force; hence, unlimited maximum
speed
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost
No centrifugal force; hence, unlimited maximum
speed
Overheating of stationary part is eliminated
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost
No centrifugal force; hence, unlimited maximum
speed
Overheating of stationary part is eliminated
Tractive effort is independent of speed
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost
No centrifugal force; hence, unlimited maximum
speed
Overheating of stationary part is eliminated
Tractive effort is independent of speed
Higher power to weight ratio
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 13 / 12
Disadvantages
High capital cost
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 14 / 12
Disadvantages
High capital cost
Less power factor
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 14 / 12
Disadvantages
High capital cost
Less power factor
Attractive force between primary and secondary
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 14 / 12
