AIRPORT

PLANNING MANUAL

5. TERMINAL SERVICING
During turnaround at the air terminal, certain services must be performed on aircraft, usually within a
given time to meet flight schedules. This section shows service vehicle arrangements, schedules,
locations of servicing points, and typical servicing requirements. The data presented herein reflect ideal
conditions for a single aircraft. Servicing requirements may vary according to the aircraft condition and
airline operational (servicing) procedures.
This section provides the following information:
• The typical arrangements of equipments during turnaround;
• The typical turnaround servicing time at an air terminal;

• The locations of ground servicing connections in graphic and tabular forms;

• The typical sea level air pressure and flow requirements for starting the engine;
• The air conditioning requirements;
• The ground towing requirements for various towing conditions. Towbar pull and total traction wheel
load may be determined by considering aircraft weight, pavement slope, coefficient of friction, and
engine idle thrust.

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.1. AIRCRAFT SERVICING ARRANGEMENT

5
110
3
3
100
30

90
7
25 2
80 4 2 4

70
20
LENGTH − m
LENGTH − ft

60

50 15

40

10
30 1

20 8
5

10
6

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LENGTH − m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

LENGTH − ft

SERVICING ARRANGEMENT
EM170APM050015A.DGN

01 − PASSENGER STAIRS
02 − BAGGAGE LOADER
03 − BAGGAGE / CARGO
04 − GALLEY SERVICE
05 − FUEL SERVICE
06 − POTABLE WATER
07 − LAVATORY SERVICE
08 − PASSENGER BRIDGE

Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Bridge

Figure 5.1
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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5
110
3
3
100
30

90
7
25 2
80 4 2 4

70
20
LENGTH − m
LENGTH − ft

60

50 15

40

1
10
30 1

20
5

10
8
6
9
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LENGTH − m

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

LENGTH − ft

SERVICING ARRANGEMENT
EM170APM050016A.DGN

01 − PASSENGER STAIRS
02 − BAGGAGE LOADER
03 − BAGGAGE / CARGO
04 − GALLEY SERVICE
05 − FUEL SERVICE
06 − POTABLE WATER
07 − LAVATORY SERVICE
08 − AIR CONDITIONING
09 − PNEUMATIC STARTER

Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Stairs

Figure 5.2

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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.2. TERMINAL OPERATIONS - TURNAROUND STATION

This section presents the typical turnaround servicing time at an air terminal. The chart gives typical
schedules for performing servicing on the aircraft within a given time.
The time of each service in the chart was calculated taking the following into consideration:
• Load factor - 100%;

• Passenger deplane - 24 pax/min;

• Passenger enplane - 16 pax/min;

• Baggages checked per passenger - 1,2;
• Refuel (fuel quantity) - 80%;
• Flow - 290 gpm;

• Potable water - 70% to be refilled (56 );

• Galley service FWD and aft sequence - in parallel;

• Toilet type - vacuum;

• Baggages unloading/loading FWD/aft sequence - in parallel;

• Only FWD passenger door to be used to deplane and enplane passengers.

Servicing times could be rearranged to suit availability of personnel, aircraft configuration, and degree of
servicing required.
The data illustrates the general scope and tasks involving airport terminal operations. Airline particular
practices and operating experience will result in different sequences and intervals.

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

ELAPSED TIME
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(MINUTES)

OPERATIONS min.

BRIDGE / STAIRS POSITIONING 1,0

PASSENGERS DEPLANE 4.5

GALLEY SERVICING−FWD 7,0

PAX GALLEY SERVICING−AFT 7,0

SERVICES
AIRPLANE INTERIOR SERVICES 6.8

PASSENGERS ENPLANE 6.8

BRIDGE / STAIRS REMOVAL 1,0

PUSH BACK / ENGINES START 2,0

FWD BAGGAGE / CARGO UNLOAD 4.4

REAR BAGGAGE / CARGO UNLOAD 4.2

BAGGAGE TIME BETWEEN UNLOADING / LOADING 0,5

& CARGO
FWD BAGGAGE/CARGO LOAD 7.2

AFT BAGGAGE/CARGO LOAD 6.9

FUEL SERVICE 11.7

AIRCRAFT 3,0
POTABLE WATER SERVICE
SERVICING
TOILET SERVICE 5,0

LEGEND:

TRUCK POSITIONING/REMOVAL/SETTINGS
EM170APM050017B.DGN

NOTE:

THIS DATA ILUSTRATES THE GENERAL SCOPE AND TASKS INVOLVING

AIRPORT TERMINAL OPERATIONS.
AIRLINE PARTICULAR PRACTICES AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE WILL
RESULT IN DIFFERENT SEQUENCES AND INTERVALS.

Air Terminal Operation - Turnaround Station

Figure 5.3

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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.3. TERMINAL OPERATIONS - EN ROUTE STATION

Not Applicable

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.4. GROUND SERVICING CONNECTIONS

1 2 7 8

6
22 5
4
11

3
9 10 12
13

14 15
16

19
18 17
21 20

HEIGHT
COORD. X COORD. Y COORD. Z ABOVE
ITEM DESCRIPTION
(mm) (mm) (mm) GROUND
(mm)
1 PRESSURE REFUELING PANEL 18129.75 7803.78 −543.75 2852.85
2 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (RH) 18507.84 7774.46 −310.92 3093.47
3 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (LH) 18745.47 −7646.75 −308.24 3101.08
4 FORWARD RAMP HEADSET 4164.44 −936.13 −1262.71 1844.50
5 STEERING SWITCH DISENGAGE 4136.97 −951.46 −1279.29 1827.36
6 WHEEL JACK POINT − NLG 4125.04 0.00 −2856.21 250.53
7 AIR COND. GROUND CONNECTION 14081.32 0.00 −1979.71 1333.27
8 ENGINE AIR STARTING (LOW PRESSURE UNIT) 14441.81 57.25 −1952.83 1367.61
9 GROUNDING POINT (ELECTRICAL) 18865.08 2930.25 −1744.67 1667.43
10 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (RH) 18890.21 2970.00 −2977.05 435.84
11 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (LH) 18890.21 −2970.00 −2977.05 435.84
12 HYD. SYS # 1 SERVICE PANEL 20951.96 −808.01 −1602.04 1853.30
13 WATER SERVICING PANEL 30274.83 −329.37 −1178.74 2469.80
14 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC / 400A 32834.65 −471.73 −605.30 3096.18
15 AFT RAMP HEADSET 32975.26 −449.47 −585.54 3118.86
16 OXYGEN SERVICING PANEL / BOTTLE 6562.14 1159.87 −961.05 2195.82
17 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (LH) 17257.70 −691.60 −1611.45 1767.30
18 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (RH) 17289.45 526.50 −1611.45 1767.30
EM170APM050018E.DGN

19 HYD. SYS # 2 SERVICE PANEL 20951.96 808.01 −1602.04 1853.30

20 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 31197.01 349.20 −991.80 2675.81
21 HYD. SYS # 3 SERVICE PANEL 32811.86 519.15 −590.09 3110.92
22 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 4146.90 −810.70 −1339.53 1767.34
NOTE:
THE GROUND CLEARANCES IN THE TABLE REFER TO THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE MINIMUM
OPERATING WEIGHT (MOW) = 29800 kg (CG FWD 4.0% CMA)

Ground Servicing Connections

Figure 5.4
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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

1 2 7 8

6
22 5
4
11

3
9 10 12
13

14 15
16

19
18 17
21 20

HEIGHT
COORD. X COORD. Y COORD. Z ABOVE
ITEM DESCRIPTION
(mm) (mm) (mm) GROUND
(mm)
1 PRESSURE REFUELING PANEL 18129.75 7803.78 −543.75 2841.20
2 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (RH) 18507.84 7774.46 −310.92 3078.90
3 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (LH) 18745.47 −7646.75 −308.24 3084.65
4 FORWARD RAMP HEADSET 4164.44 −936.13 −1262.71 1941.74
5 STEERING SWITCH DISENGAGE 4136.97 −951.46 −1279.29 1924.81
6 WHEEL JACK POINT − NLG 4125.04 0.00 −2856.21 250.66
7 AIR COND. GROUND CONNECTION 14081.32 0.00 −1979.71 1353.03
8 ENGINE AIR STARTING (LOW PRESSURE UNIT) 14441.81 57.25 −1952.83 1384.56
9 GROUNDING POINT (ELECTRICAL) 18865.08 2930.25 −1744.67 1649.89
10 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (RH) 18890.21 2970.00 −2977.05 436.07
11 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (LH) 18890.21 −2970.00 −2977.05 436.07
12 HYD. SYS # 1 SERVICE PANEL 20951.96 −808.01 −1602.04 1819.48
13 WATER SERVICING PANEL 30274.83 −329.37 −1178.74 2363.29
14 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC / 400A 32834.65 −471.73 −605.30 2969.77
15 AFT RAMP HEADSET 32975.26 −449.47 −585.54 2991.36
16 OXYGEN SERVICING PANEL / BOTTLE 6562.14 1159.87 −961.05 2274.38
17 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (LH) 17257.70 −691.60 −1611.45 1762.31
18 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (RH) 17289.45 526.50 −1611.45 1762.72
EM170APM050025A.DGN

19 HYD. SYS # 2 SERVICE PANEL 20951.96 808.01 −1602.04 1819.48

20 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 31197.01 349.20 −991.80 2562.13
21 HYD. SYS # 3 SERVICE PANEL 32811.86 519.15 −590.09 2984.69
22 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 4146.90 −810.70 −1339.53 1864.70
NOTE:
THE GROUND CLEARANCES IN THE TABLE REFER TO THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE MINIMUM
OPERATING WEIGHT (MOW) = 29800 kg (CG REAR 31.0% CMA)

Ground Servicing Connections

Figure 5.5

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.5. ENGINE STARTING PNEUMATIC REQUIREMENTS

45
MINIMUM REQUIRED AIRFLOW AT PORT - kg/min
MINIMUM REQUIRED AIRFLOW AT PORT - lb/min

95

90 SEA LEVEL
40
85

80
35
75

70

30
65 2440 m
(8000 ft)
60

55 25

50
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280

GROUND CART CONNECTION TEMPERATURE - ˚C

EM170APM050010.DGN

400 425 450 475 500 525 550

GROUND CART CONNECTION TEMPERATURE - ˚F

Engine Starting Pneumatic Requirements-Airflow X Temperature

Figure 5.6
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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESSURE AT PORT − kg/cm

2
MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESSURE AT PORT − PSI

60
4.0

SEA LEVEL
55

3.5
50

45

3.0
2440 m
40 (8000 ft)

35 2.5
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280
GROUND CART CONNECTION TEMPERATURE − °C

400 425 450 475 500 525 550

GROUND CART CONNECTION TEMPERATURE − °F
EM170APM050009A.DGN

Engine Starting Pneumatic Requirements-Pressure X Temperature

Figure 5.7

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.6. GROUND PNEUMATIC POWER REQUIREMENTS

80
25

20 70

15 60

HEATING
CABIN TEMPERATURE (°C)

CABIN TEMPERATURE (°F)

10 50
Initial cabin temp: −32°C (−25°F)
5 40 Outside air temp: −40°C (−40°F)
Relative Humidity: 0%
0 No crew or passengers
30
No other heat load
−5
20 Bleed air from APU:
−10 87 kg/min. (192.0 lb/min.)
10 452 kPa (65.5 psia)
−15 2 operating packs (ECS)
0
−20
−10
−25
−20
−30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME TO HEAT CABIN − min.

120

45
110
COOLING
CABIN TEMPERATURE (°C)

CABIN TEMPERATURE (°F)

40
Initial cabin temp: 47°C (116°F)
100 Outside air temp: 40°C (104°F)
Relative Humidity: 40%
35 No crew or passengers
No other heat load
90
Bleed air from APU:
30
56 kg/min. (122.9 lb/min.)
413 kPa (59.9 psia)
80 2 operating packs (ECS)
25

70
EM170APM050007B.DGN

20

60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

TIME TO COOL CABIN − min.

Ground Pneumatic Power Requirements

Figure 5.8
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EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

5.7. PRECONDITIONED AIRFLOW REQUIREMENTS

This subsection presents the following information:

• The air conditioning requirements for heating and cooling using ground conditioned air. The curves
show airflow requirements to heat or cool the aircraft within a given time at ambient conditions.
• The air conditioning requirements for heating and cooling to maintain a constant cabin air tempera-
ture using low-pressure conditioned air. This conditioned air is supplied through a ground air
connection directly to the passenger cabin, bypassing the air cycle machines.

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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PLANNING MANUAL

PRE−CONDITIONED AIRFLOW REQUIREMENTS

[lbm/min]
150

PRESSURE AT GROUND CONNECTION (INCHES OF WATER)

[kg/min]
1 4
55
140
60
2 16
120
6 5
50 12
3
100 10
TOTAL AIRFLOW

40
80

30 5
60

20
40
1

10 20

0 0
−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 [°C]
[°F]
30 50 70 90 110 120

AIR SUPPLY TEMPERATURE

LEGEND:

1 CABIN AT 24°C (74°F), 97 OCCUPANTS, NOTES:

BRIGHT DAY (SOLAR IRRADIATION), MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 88°C (190°F)
39°C (103°F) DAY. (UPPER LIMIT DURING PULL UP OPERATION).

2 SAME AS 1 EXCEPT CABIN 27°C (81°F) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE AT GROUND

CONNECTION 406mmH20 (16 INCHES OF WATER).

3 SAME AS 1 EXCEPT CABIN 24°C (74°F),

NO CABIN OCCUPANTS, FOUR CREWS
MEMBERS ONLY.

4 CABIN AT 24°C (74°F),

NO CABIN OCCUPANTS, FOUR CREW
MEMBERS ONLY, OVERCAST DAY
(NO SOLAR IRRADIATION),
EM170MFEP040070B.DGN

−40°C (−40°F) DAY.

5 SAME AS 4 EXCEPT −29°C (−20°F) DAY.

6 SAME AS 4 EXCEPT −18°C (−0°F) DAY.

Preconditioned Airflow Requirements

Figure 5.9

Section 5
EFFECTIVITY: ALL
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 5.8.
GROUND TOWING REQUIREMENTS

EFFECTIVITY: ALL
)

5
(lb4)

.7
NOTES: kg 25

=0
− ( 1 21 45)
5000 T 0 68 )
− STRAIGHT−LINE TOW H
(11023)

LT 8
G 55000 (112436)
− UNUSUAL BREAKAWAY EI 00 (11 27
W

HA =0. OR
CONDITIONS NOT SHOWN

P
5 3 0 0 0 8 0 7)
SS 1 0 ( 1 61
− COEFFICIENTS OF

AS T ETE

Y
O 5 0 0 03 8)
R 0 1 0
FRICTION ( ) ARE 4 9 00 ( 992 )

AS CO
G

DR
ET HAL CR
T 0 ( 99

W P N
ESTIMATED FOR A F 47 000 947 )
45 00 ( 390
4000 RUBBER−TIRED TOW 7 R 0 90 )
.5 C
(8818) VEHICLES R 43 00 ( 980
0 5
=0 AI 41 0 (8 571)
00 1
E 39 0 (8 62)
00 71
ET 37 0 (7 53)
R 00 27
C 35 0 (7 43)
N 00 3
O 33 0 (68 4)
C 5 00 93
.4 31 0 (63
3000 ET
REFERENCE LINE
=0 00
W 29
GROUND TOWING REQUIREMENTS

(6614) S
A IN
CH

Figure 5.10
OW
SN
2000
(4409)
AIRPORT

Ground Towing Requirements

TOWBAR PULL − kg (lb)
=0.2
NO W
DS
1000 HAR
(2204)
PLANNING MANUAL

ICE =0.05

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5
(2204) (4409) (6614) (8818) (11023) (13227) (15432)
NUMBER OF PERCENT SLOPE (%)
TOTAL TRACTION WHEEL − kg (lb) ENGINES
(DRAWBAR PULL) BACKING AGAINST
IDLE THRUST

EM170MFEP040066B.DGN

Oct 07/08
Page 5-14
Section 5
w-apm1997