Air Conditioning Trainer

Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Practical Experiment Instruction Sheet
Class: BE (Mech) Experiment No: 6C
Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Semester: II
Last Updated On: 25/05/2017
Aim: To conduct the performanance test on Air Conditioning tutor and study the different air
conditionings processes and find the coefficient of performanance of the refrigeration system.
Apparatus:
The Equipment consists of MS fabricated stand on which duct assembly is fitted. An axial fan is
provided which forces the air into the duct. This Air conditioning duct is provided with components like
evaporator coil, steam injection pipe and heaters. This duct is well insulated. The air flow rate can be
controlled with the help of dimmer stats. Dry & Wet bulb thermometers are fitted on the duct for
measurement of inlet and outlet temperature of air. The control panel is fitted at the top which consists
of energy meters for heater & compressor and various electrical switches. A multichannel digital
temperature indicator is fitted for measurement of temperature at various points. Below the duct
compressor, condenser, liquid receiver and steam generator is fitted on the MS fabricated Stand.
Specifications :
a). Compressor Hermetic Reciprocating Type.
b). Condenser Air cooled, with a fan & motor
c). Expansion Device Thermostatic expansion valve.(Danfoss make)
d). Rota meter Make - CVG Range - 6.5 To 65 LPH
e). Refrigerant Used R – 134A Non CFC.
f). Energy meter Single phase for compressor and heater one each
g). Ammeter Range - 0 - 10 Amp.
h). Dimmerstat 230 Volts, Sungrace make for heater control
i). Pressure Gauges 0 - 300 PSI, 1No. Wika make. -30” of Hg - 0 - 150 PSI, 1No. Wika make.
j). Temperature Indicator Digital, Multi Channel, Range - upto100°C with PT100 Sensors.
k). Steam Generator 9 Lit Capacity
l). Pressure Gauge 0 – 2.0 Kg/Cm2 for measurement of steam pressure
m). Axial Fan HiCool Make. For forcing the air in duct, single phase.
Prepared by: Prof. K. B. Kolhapure Approved by: Head, Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
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Semester: II
n). Air Heater 1 Nos, 500 W
o). Dry-Wet Thermometer 2 Nos, for measurement of condition of air at inlet & outlet
Theory:
The Basic Cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a very widely used cycle of refrigeration on ground, air space
and marine applications. It uses NON CFC refrigerant. The vapor compression refrigeration system has
fundamentally four basic components and four basic processes.
Evaporator: - Liquid refrigerant at a low pressure evaporates at low temperature and produces
refrigerating effect (N).
Compressor: - Low pressure vapor from evaporator is sucked and compressed to high temperature and
pressure. The work done by the compressor is (w)
Condenser: - High pressure vapors are condensed rejecting heat to cooling medium like air or water.
Expansion Device: - High pressure liquid refrigerant from condenser is allowed to pass to the
evaporator through the expansion device. Capillary tube is used as an expansion device through which
the liquid refrigerant is throttled. The present unit has been designed to demonstrate these processes and
to investigate the effects of different variables on the performance of the theoretical cycle and actual
cycle of refrigeration.
The simple saturated cycle consists of following processes and can be represented on P-H diagram as
below.
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Semester: II
1 Process 1-2 - reversible compression
2 Process 2-3 – constant pressure heat rejection.
3 Process 3-4 – Throttling process, constant enthalpy
4 Process 4-1 – constant pressure heat addition.
The vapor compression refrigeration system has fundamentally four basic components and four basic
processes
Air Conditioning:
As per ASHRAE the air conditioning can be defined as simultaneous control of temperature, humidity,
and air motion and air purity. Majority air conditioning is implied for human comfort, but it is also be
applicable to industrial applications.
The air conditioning is broadly classified in to
a) Comfort Air Conditioning. &
B) Industrial Air Conditioning.
A) Comfort Air Conditioning Further Classified As Per Season Into
1 Summer Air Conditioning.
To Provide Comfort Condition With The Use Of Suitable Equipments. Normally In Summer The
Temperature Is Quite High And With The Use of refrigeration system we can control the temperature
suitable for the human beings by following the cooling and dehumidification process.
2 Winter Air Conditioning.
In winter the temperature in the atmosphere is low. With the help of suitable
3 Year round Air Conditioning.
It assures the control of temperature and humidity of air in closed space comfortable throughout the year
when the atmospheric conditions air changing as per the season.
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Semester: II
b) INDUSTRIAL AIR CONDITIONING.
In this system air at required temperature and humidity is supplied to perform specific industrial
processes successfully. In this system the design conditions are purely on the requirement of the
processes and not the comfort of human beings.
Psychrometry & Psychrometric Properties.
Atmospheric air always contains water vapor & water vapor plays an important role in air conditioning.
The science which deals with the study of the behavior of water vapor in the air & water vapor mixtures
is known as psychrometry. The properties of water vapor and air mixture are known as psychrometric
properties.
Some psychrometric properties as follows…
Dry Air. It is considered as a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, neglecting the small percentages of other
gases. Volumetric composition of air. 79% Nitrogen & 21% Oxygen. Molecular weight 29 approx.
Moist Air.
It is the mixture of dry air and water vapor. The quantity of water vapor present in the air depends upon
the temperature of the air and it may vary.
Water Vapor: The water vapor present in air is known as moisture and is playing an important role in
all air conditioning processes. Saturated air- The mixture of air and water vapor at a given temperature
is said to be saturated when it contains maximum amount of water vapor that it can hold.
Dry Bulb Temperature.
The temperature measured by an ordinary thermometer is known as dry bulb temperature.
Wet Bulb Temperature
The temperature measured by a thermometer when its bulb is covered with a wet cloth and is exposed to
a current of moving air is known as wet bulb temperature. The difference between the dry bulb
temperature and wet bulb temperature is known as wet bulb depression. It becomes zero when the air is
fully saturated.
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Semester: II
HUMIDITY
It is the moisture content in the air. It is further subdivided as follows.
Specific Humidity.
It is the mass of water vapor present in the air per Kg of dry air. It is given in gms /Kg of dry air.
Absolute Humidity.
Water vapor present in the air in unit volume of is known as absolute humidity. It is given in gm/m3
Relative Humidity.
It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapor in a given volume to the mass of water vapor if the air is
fully saturated at the same temperature. It is always represented in %
Sensible Heat
It is the heat which can be calculated with measuring the dry bulb temperature of air.
Psychrometric Chart.
It is a typical chart which shows the relations of all the important properties like DBT, WBT, Specific
humidity, Relative Humidity, Enthalpy, Specific volume etc.
Psychrometric Processes.
· Sensible Cooling
In this process heat is removed without changes in the moisture content in the air. This can be achieved
by passing the air over an evaporator coil having its apparatus dew point temperature is above the dew
point temperature of the air.
· Sensible Heating
In this process heat is added in the air with the help of a heating coil which changes the condition of air.
The dry bulb temperature of the air is referred for the addition of heat.
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Semester: II
Humidification
In this process moisture is added in the air with the help of a sprayer which changes the condition of air.
The dry bulb & wet bulb temperature of the air is referred for the addition of moisture. Cooling &
Dehumidification
Removal of moisture from the air is termed as dehumidification. Normally to follow the process of
dehumidification always we have to cool the air. Hence the process always referred as cooling &
dehumidification. To follow this apparatus dew point temperature of the cooling coil is kept below the
dew point temperature of the air. The latent heat of the moisture in the air will be removed and moisture
condenses and is expelled out.
· Heating & Humidification.
In this process the addition of moisture is followed. But to follow this normally the steam is injected in
the air till the desired condition is achieved.
Procedure :
Following different experiments can be performed with this unit as per the procedure given below.
Cooling & Dehumidification –
_ Check the water in the bottle of Dry/Wet bulb thermometer
_ Switch ON the power supply of the unit and start the duct fan.
_ Now start the compressor. The flow of liquid refrigerant will be observed in the Rota meter after some
time.
_ Observe the temperature of air at inlet and outlet of duct on Dry/Wet thermometer and inlet & outlet
temperatures of condenser and evaporator of refrigeration system on temperature indicator respectively.
_ Wait for 45 minutes for achieving steady state condition and then note down the readings as per given
in the observation table.
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Semester: II
Observation Table :
Sr. No Description Symbol Units Readings
01 Condensing Pressure Pc PSI
02 Evaporating Pressure Pe PSI
03 Flow Rate of Refrigerant mr LPH
0
04 Condenser Inlet Temperature T1 C
0
05 Condenser Outlet Temperature T2 C
0
06 Evaporator Inlet Temperature T3 C
0
07 Evaporator Outlet Temperature T4 C
08 Compressor energy - Time for 10 flashes Sec
09 Compressor Current A Amp
10 Air inlet Temperature DBT 0C
WBTs 0C
11 Air outlet Temperature DBT 0C
WBTs 0C
12. Air Velocity Va m/s 2.0
Heating Of Air :
Check the water in the bottle of Dry/Wet bulb thermometer
Switch “ON” the power supply of the unit and start the duct fan.
Switch ON the heater
Adjust the heater input with the help of dimmer stat provided on the panel.
Wait for 5 -10 minutes to achieve steady state condition.
Then note down the readings as per given in the observation table.
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Semester: II
While conducting the heating experiment see that the outlet temperature of air in the duct should not
exceed 500C.
· Also confirm the inlet and outlet temperature of air passing through the duct is equal before starting
this experiment.
_ OBSERVATION TABLE :
1 Heater energy - Time for10 flashes HE Sec
2 Air Velocity Va m/s 2.0
WBTs 0C
WBTs 0C
Heating & Humidification :

Check the water in the bottle of Dry / Wet bulb thermometer.
Confirm sufficient water in the steam generator & if necessary add.
Switch “ON” the power supply of the unit and start the duct fan. Then heater coil of the steam generator.
Observe the steam pressure on the gauge provided on the unit.
Wait for some time till the steam pressure is approaching to1 Kg/Cm2.
Operate the fan control and reduce the flow of air in the duct.
Open steam control valve and admit the steam to the conditioning section.
Allow sufficient quantity of steam in the duct. Observe the steam flow in the duct section & note down
the readings as per given in observation table.
Note: Do not make an attempt to increase the steam pressure above 1.0 Kg/cm2 of the steam generator.
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Semester: II
OBSERVATION TABLE :
Humidification may be accompanied by heating which is normally required in winter condition
1 Steam Pressure - kg/cm2
2 Air Velocity Va m/s 1.7
WBTs 0C
WBTs 0C
Calculations :
Cooling & Dehumidification
· Plot the points on the Psychometric chart with reference to inlet and outlet condition of air and note
down different quantities.
Air Inlet Temperature
DBT =
WBT=
From Psychometric Chart.
Relative Humidity RH1= %
Specific Humidity W1 = g / K g of dry air
Enthalpy h1= Kj/kg.
Air outlet Temperature
DBT
WBT
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Semester: II
From Psychometric Chart.
Relative Humidity RH2 = %
Specific Humidity W2= g / K g of dry air
Enthalpy h2 = Kj/kg.
air flow rate /min X ( h2 - h1 )
Heat removed from air = ---------------------------------------
Volume. of air at inlet
= Kj/min
Coefficient Of Performance :
With reference to the different readings noted down plot the P-H Diagram and note down different
values required for calculations.
Now, from the P - H chart,
hci =
hco = hei =
heo =
Theoretical Coefficient of Performance :
C.O.P (theoretical) = Refrigerating Effect / Work done by compressor
= N theo / W theo
= Heo – Hco / Hci - Heo
Where,
Hci = Enthalpy at condenser inlet KJ / kg.
Hco = Enthalpy at condenser outlet KJ / kg
Hei = Enthalpy at evaporator inlet KJ / kg.
Heo = Enthalpy at evaporator out let KJ / kg.
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Semester: II
Rota meter reading X 10-3

Mass flow rate of refrigerant = -------------------------------------------
Specific Volume of liquid at Pc
= Kg/hr.
PRECAUTIONS :
Run the plant twice in a week.
While conducting heating experiment see that the temperature of air should not exceed 500C.
When one experiment is over wait for 30 to 45 minutes for next Before putting ON the steam generator,
check the water level in the steam generator.
Before putting ON the room heater, start air blower.
Do not keep the unit in congested space. Leave @ 1.5 m. of space on all sides of the unit.
Operate the switches, dimmer knob and valves gently.
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Air Conditioning Trainer

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Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad

Heating & Humidification :

Rota meter reading X 10-3

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