1.

Soekarno

Soekarno was Indonesia's first President and was known as the proclaimer of
independence of Indonesia. Soekarno was born with the name Koesno Sosrodiharjo.
He was born in Surabaya on June 6th, 1901 and died in Jakarta on June 21th, 1970 at
the age of 69 years. Soekarno is one of the important figures in the history of the State
of Indonesia, and even in the world. He became a proclaimer of independence of
Indonesia which occurred on 17 August 1945 and now celebrated as the independence
day of Indonesia. Soekarno was President of the Republic of Indonesia since 1945
until 1966. He along with Vice President Mohammad Hatta, the time referred to as the
hero of the proclaimers.
His career in politics began when he joined Organisasi Pemuda Jong Java. He
was active in the Organization and brainstorm some ideas that are opposed to the
Netherlands, including the setting up of Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI). This makes
Soekarno several times he was arrested and imprisoned by the Netherlands.
In 1938 to 1942, he was exiled to Bengkulu before being released during the
occupation of Japan. Beginning in 1942, the Netherlands no longer colonize
Indonesia. Instead, Japan had colonized Indonesia. Soekarno and Indonesia's other
figures had invited cooperate by Japan.
Beginning in 1943, Soekarno began to be active in the preparatory stages of
the independence of Indonesia, such as the formulation of draft of Pancasila and the
1945 Constitution (UUD ' 45). Preparation of the independence of Indonesia also
happens thanks to the participation of some committees such as Panitia Sembilan, and
the BPUPKI PPKI.
On August 16th, 1945, incident Rengasdengklok, where the youths ' kidnap '
and persuade elderly represented by Soekarno and Hatta, Indonesia proclaimed
independence immediately. It is also troubled by the defeat of Japan by the allies on
August 15th, 1945.
After going through the negotiations, finally on August 17th, 1945
proclamation of independence of events occurs that indicates that Indonesia has
become independent. Soekarno himself who compose and then read out the
proclamation in front of his manuscript, on the road number 56 Pegangsaan Timur,
Jakarta at about 10.00 am.
 The Term Of President Soekarno

Soekarno was appointed as the first President of the Republic of Indonesia on

August 18th, 1945 and Mohammad Hatta as Vice President. He is considered the
most deserving figure as President of the Republic of Indonesia, it is supported by a
large role for the independence of Indonesia as the proclaimers
For the President, Soekarno is known as a firm and courageous figure. It is
also known for his speeches. He also often give the idea to the international world,
including the Asia-Africa Conference held in Bandung.
In the era of the 60 's, Indonesia's political situation became uncertain. The
emergence of the Gerakan 30 September PKI or G30S PKI in 1965 made the situation
of the country being heated up. In that year also issued a Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret
(Supersemar) signed by Soekarno, who ordered Lieutenant General Suharto to take
action that is necessary in order to secure the Government.
On February 20th 1967, Soekarno signed a waiver power to Suharto at the
Merdeka Palace that ended his term as President of Indonesia. He then died on June
21th, 1970.
Soekarno even also known as founding fathers Indonesia. His name was then
much enshrined into various objects and places, such as street names, to the airport.
Soekarno also established as the proclaimers of Heroes Indonesia.

https://www.infoakurat.com/2015/02/biografi-soekarno.html

2. Abdurrahman Wahid / Gus Dur

Kyai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid or familiar called Wahid was born in
Jombang, East Java on September 7, 1940. He was born with the name ' Abd Adakhil
meaning the conqueror. Because the word "Adakhil" is not well known, then it is
replaced with the name of "Wahid" which was later better known as Gus Dur. Gus is
a typical boarding school honor to call a child a kiai means "brother or mas".
After studying at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt in 1963 and completed
graduate school at the University of Baghdad in the year 1966, he returned to
Indonesia in 1971.
 He continued his career as a journalist on the magazine Tempo and Kompas
Newspaper. His writings can be well received. He developed a reputation as a social
commentator. With that he was invited to give a seminar so make it often go home
and go between Jakarta and Jombang.
Although his career could succeed and yet he still found it hard to live because
it has only one source of livelihood. He also worked again with a different profession
to earn extra income by selling peanuts and delivering ice. In 1974 he served as
General Secretary of the Pesantren Tebu Ireng until 1980. In 1980 he served as a
Katib Awwal PBNU until in 1984. In 1984 he was promoted to Chairman of the
Board Tanfidz PBNU. The year 1987 Gus Dur served as Chairman of the Majelis
Ulama Indonesia. In 1989 his career increased by becoming a member of the people's
Consultative Assembly of Indonesia. And finally in 1999 until 2001 he served as the
President of the Republic of Indonesia.
As the President of Indonesia, Gus Dur had different approaches in addressing
a problem. He performs a more sympathetic approach to the group the free Aceh
Movement (GAM), ethnic Chinese trial, apologized to the families of the dead and
tortured PKI, and others. In addition, Gus Dur was also known to throw controversial
statements, one of which is to say that members of Consultative Assembly of
Indonesia such as kindergarten.
Only about 20 months Gus Dur served as the President of Indonesia. His
political enemies utilizing true case Bulloggate and Bruneigate to shake up his
leadership. Not to mention the harmonious relationship with the INDONESIAN
ARMED FORCES, Golkar, and other political elite. Gus Dur himself had issued a
decree containing (1) the dissolution of the MPR/DPR, (2) the return of sovereignty to
the people's hands by accelerating the election within one year, and (3) freeze Golkar
as a form of resistance to the Special session of the MPR. But the decree did not gain
support and on July 23th 2001, the MPR was officially dismiss Gus Dur and replaced
him with Megawati Sukarnoputri.
Earlier, in January 2001, Gus Dur announced that Chinese new year (Imlek)
become an optional holiday. This action followed by the lifting of the ban on the use
of Chinese letters.
After serving as President, Gus Dur did not cease to continue his career and
his fight. In 2002 he served as an advisor to the solidarity of victims of human rights
 violations. And in 2003, Gus Dur served as Advisers on “Gerakan Moral Rekonsiliasi
Nasional.”
In 2004, Gus Dur again tried to become the President of Indonesia. But this
desire ran aground because he does not qualify for a medical examination by the
Electoral Commission.
In August 2005, Gus Dur became one of the US-led political coalition called
Koalisi Nusantara Bangkit Bersatu. Along with Tri Sutrisno, Wiranto, Akbar Tanjung,
and Megawati, this coalition criticized the policies of the Government of Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono.
In 2009, Gus Dur suffered from several ailments. Even since he took office as
President, he was suffering from eyesight so that letter and the book often read or if
when writing often also written. He had a stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorders. Gus
Dur passed away on Wednesday, December 30th, 2009 at the Cipto Mangunkusumo
Hospital in Jakarta at 18.45 p.m.

https://m.merdeka.com/abdurrahman-wahid/profil/

DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT (7-15)

 Draft law budget revenue and State spending proposed by the President to be
discussed along with Representatives having regard to consideration of the regional
representative Council (article 23 paragraph 2)
 Financial Examiners Board is elected by the House of representatives having regard to
consideration of the regional representative Council and promulgated by the President
(article 23F Verse 1)
 The prospective Chief Justice Judicial Commission proposed to the Council of
representatives for approval and subsequently assigned as Chief Justice by the
President (article 24A v. 3)
 Judicial Members are appointed and dismissed by the President with the approval of
the House of representatives (article 24B aircraft v. 3)
 The Constitutional Court has nine members justices of the Constitution set forth by
the President, asked each of the three men by the Supreme Court, three by the House
of representatives, and three by the President (article 24C paragraph 3)
 The protection, promotion, enforcement, and the fulfilment of human rights is the
responsibility of the State, especially the Government (article 28I Paragraph 4)
 Every citizen is obligated to follow the elementary education and the Government
must fund it (article 31 paragraph 2)
 Governments initiate and organize a national educational system, which increases the
faith and devotion as well as noble ahlak in order the intellectual life of the nation,
which is governed by law (article 31 paragraph 3)
 The Government is advancing the science and technology with high-bolster the values
of religion and unity of the nation for the progress of civilization and the well-being
of mankind (article 31 paragraph 5)