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“GREAT FILIPINOS”
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Values Education I

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EMMI GRACE N. MALAQUE

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 Gloria Diaz

Early Life and Family

Diaz was born in the Ilocos region of Northern Philippines. Often referred to as one of the Diaz clan in
newspapers, Diaz was one of 12 children. One of her sisters, Rio Diaz-Cojuangco, was also a Filipino
actress and beauty titlist, who fell ill with colon cancer and died after a six-year battle. She is cousin to
many people, including Maria Diaz, who has 3 children.

Personal life

She is married to businessman Gabriel "Bong" Daza with whom she has two daughters, Isabella and Ava
Esmeralda.

1969 Miss Universe

She was approached by an individual who believed she would do

well in the Miss Universe competition and groomed the
young woman. Oddly, none of her family members took the
competition seriously and did not accompany Díaz to Florida. Díaz
was only eighteen when she became Miss Universe of 1969 after
outsmarting other candidates on the question on how to welcome
the first men that had just landed on the moon--Neil Armstrong,
Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins--as soon as they were back on
the planet. She was crowned in the international American-owned
pageant in 1969 in Florida, U.S. after their footage was set on the
Statue of Liberty in New York.

Acting career

Díaz is also a well-respected actress in the Philippine film and TV industry. Her box-office mettle, as
well as her acting prowess, was recently honored when she received the most-coveted FAMAS Award
(the Philippine equivalent of the Oscars) of the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences for Best
Supporting Actress in her role as a spinster adoptive mother in the FAMAS Best Picture Nasaan Ka Man
(2005).

Efren "Bata" Reyes

2
Background

Reyes was born in Pampanga in 1954 and moved to Manila

with his family, at the age of 5. In Manila, he worked as a
billiards attendant at his uncle's billiards hall, where he
started learning the various cue sports. Because he was not
tall enough to reach the pool table, he played while
standing on Coca-cola cases that he moved around. At
night, while he was dreaming of playing pool, the pool
table was his bed.

He is called Bata, which is Filipino for "Kid", because

there was another older pool player named Efren when he
was young. To determine which Efren onlookers were
referring to, he was nicknamed Efren Bata or the "Kid".

At a young age, he played for money, and in the sixties and seventies, played carambola billiards (also
known as three cushion billiards). After establishing himself as a winner, he was discovered by
promoters. This gave him the opportunity to compete in big time tournaments.

Reyes began winning a number of tournaments in the US, Europe and in parts of Asia. Thus, he started
to gain attention and recognition worldwide. In fact at the start of his career he would use aliases to hide
his true identity just so as to be allowed to compete. By the mid-1990s, he became one of the elite
players of the Philippines alongside Jose Parica and Francisco Bustamante.

Numerous fellow professional players have credited Reyes with being the greatest living player in the
world. During ESPN television commentary on a semi-finals match the between Reyes and Mika
Immonen at the 2000 Billiard Congress of America Open 9-Ball Championship, veteran professional
Billy Incardona stated that Reyes was "indisputably the best player in the world—especially when you
consider all games—he can play any game as well as anyone, maybe better than anyone.... In my
opinion we're watching probably the greatest player in my lifetime and I've been watching pool for the
better part of forty years."

Notable successes in pool

The fame of Efren Reyes began when he won the US Open Nine Ball Championship in 1994 by
defeating Nick Varner in the finals. He was the first non-American ever to win the event.

Two years later, Efren Reyes and Earl Strickland were chosen to face each other in an event called the
Color of Money, named after the movie. The event was a 3-day race-to-120 challenge match of 9-ball. It
was held in Hong Kong and has a winner-take-all prize of $100K. Reyes won the match 120-117 and the
big prize. This was the largest single-winning purse in a pool event.

Although Earl Strickland was the first to win the WPA World 9-ball Championship, Reyes, in 1999,
became the first to win it broadcast on television. Note - this tournament was not recognized at the time
by the WPA, but Reyes was later retrospectively acknowledged as the winner of one of two world
championships held in 1999. Nick Varner won the other than-"official" world title, but this was a much
smaller scale event than the one Reyes won. The two tournaments were merged for the following year,
with both men listed as the champion for 1999. At the time, the Matchroom Sport-organised event in
Cardiff, Wales, was called the World Professional Pool Championship (despite the entry of many non-
professional players).

In 2001, Reyes won the International Billiard Tournament. The

event was held in Tokyo, and had over 700 players and total purse

3
 of ¥100M ($850K). Reyes dominated the event by beating Niels
Feijen in the finals 15-7 and earned the ¥20M($170K) first prize.
At the time, this was biggest first prize in a pool tournament.

By 2002, he won the $50K winner-take-all International Challenge

of Champions. Reyes won the event, defeating Mika Immonen in a
deciding rack after both players splitted sets.

Then, in 2003, he became the first Asian to be inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of
Fame.

Near the end of 2004, Reyes beat Marlon Manalo to become the first-ever WPA World Eight Ball
Champion. With the win, he became the first player in WPA history to win two world championships of
different disciplines.

In December 2005, Reyes won the IPT King of the Hill 8-Ball Shootout. Reyes won a record-breaking
$200K for first place by beating fellow Hall of Fame member Mike "the Mouth" Sigel two sets to none
(8-0 and 8-5).

In 2006, Reyes and Francisco Bustamante represented their country as Team Philippines in the inaugural
World Cup of Pool. They defeated Team USA, formed by Earl Strickland and Rodney Morris, to
capture the title

That same year, Reyes won the IPT World Open Eight-ball Championship over Rodney Morris 8-6. He
earned $500K which was the largest prize money tournament in the history of pocket billiards.
Unfortunately, he hasn't claimed much of this as of 2007 due financial problems of the IPT.

For 2007, he was ranked #2 in Pool & Billiard Magazine's "Fans' Top 20 Favorite Players" poll.

In 2008, Warren Kiamco, 38, defeated Efren Reyes, 11-6, in the First Senate President Manny Villar
Cup Billiards Tournament on May 10, 2008 at the Sports Center of StarMall Alabang, Muntinlupa City.

In 2009, The Filipino tandem of Efren Reyes and Francisco Bustamante beat the German tandem of Ralf
Souquet and Thorsten Hohmann in a grueling 11-9 win to take their second championship title. This,
along with the semifinal finish of the other Filipino tandem of Ronato Alcano and Dennis Orcollo, was
the best performance put up by a host nation in the tournament's history.

One of the world's most profitable players

As a player in professional pool, Reyes has been known to have won a number of money-rich
tournaments worldwide. This makes him one of the most profitable players around. To prove it, he
topped AZ Billiards Money List 5 times; 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006. In 2006 he set a record by
earning $646K in a single year.

Film and ambassador

4
In 2003, Mr. Reyes was featured in the Filipino movie Pakners with the late actor Fernando Poe, Jr.. On
June 15, 2008, Efren "Bata" Reyes, Francisco "Django" Bustamante and 2007 Women's Amway World
Pool Championships finalist Rubilen "Bingkay" Amit will begin photography and had been cast to star
with American Jennifer Barretta in and independent film, "9-Ball," at Universal Studios. This movie will
be directed and produced by Main Street Production's Anthony Palma, with Ralph Clemente as
executive producer.

Reyes was appointed Philippine Sports Ambassador of the 2005 South East Asian Games alongside
some of the Philippines' greatest athletes (Allan Caidic, Rafael Nepomuceno) to promote the event
throughout the country.

Nicknames and aliases

"Bata"

Reyes is often called by his nickname "Bata" (Tagalog for ""Kid"), given to him by friends at his regular
pool hall to distinguish him from an older Efren. Reyes, along with the other "Filipino invasion" players,
revolutionized the way pool is played by their introduction to the sport of pinpoint precision kicking
(going into a rail with the cue ball and then hitting an object ball). Reyes' ability to "kick safe" and to
kick balls into intended pockets is legendary. This ability, coupled with his superb skill at other aspects
of the game, led U.S. professionals to give him the appellation "The Magician".

"Cesar Morales"

"[The] first time I came over to the states, I used an alias of Cesar Morales. Pool players in the US
already knew Efren Reyes as a great shooter from the Philippines, but they [hadn't]...seen...[me]...in
person." — Efren Reyes

Lea Salonga

5
 Lea Salonga (born on February 22, 1971 in the
Philippines) is a Filipina singer and actress who is best
known for her musical role in Miss Saigon.[1] In the field of
musical theatre, she is recognized for having won the
Olivier, Tony, Drama Desk, Outer Critics, and Theatre
World Awards, the first to win various international awards
for a single role. She was also the first Asian to play
Eponine in the musical Les Misérables on Broadway.

Salonga is the singing voice of Princess Jasmine from

Aladdin in 1992 and Fa Mulan for Mulan and Mulan II in
1998 and in 2004, respectively.

1978-1988 Early career

Salonga started as a child star in the Philippines, making her professional debut in 1978 at the age of
seven through the musical The King and I by Repertory Philippines. She became the lead star of Annie
and joined other productions such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fiddler on the Roof, The Rose Tattoo, The
Sound of Music, The Goodbye Girl, Paper Moon, and The Fantasticks.

She began her recording career at the age of ten with her first album, Small Voice, which received a gold
certification. A song on the album, the duet "Happiness", marked her first recording collaboration with
her younger brother Gerard Salonga, who would, years later, work with her either as musical director or
creative director in her concerts and recordings. Her second album, "Lea", was released in 1988.

In addition to performing in musical theater and recordings, Salonga hosted her own musical television
show, Love, Lea, and was a member of the cast of German Moreno's teen variety show That's
Entertainment. She likewise acted in films, which included the family-oriented Tropang Bulilit, Like
Father, Like Son, Ninja Kids, Captain Barbell, and Pik Pak Boom. She also opened for international acts
such as Menudo and Stevie Wonder in their concerts in Manila in 1985 and in 1988, respectively.

As a young performer, Lea Salonga received a Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS)
award nomination (the Philippine equivalent of an Oscar nomination) for Best Child Actress and three
wins from the Aliw (literally, "entertainment") Awards as Best Child Performer.

1989-1992 International career

Salonga's big breakthrough came when she was selected to play Kim in the megahit musical Miss
Saigon in 1989. Unable to find a strong enough Asian actress/singer in the United Kingdom, the
producers scoured many countries looking for the lead role of this major British production. For her
audition, the 17-year-old Salonga chose to sing Boublil and Schönberg's "On My Own" from Les
Misérables and was later asked to sing "Sun and Moon" and "Over the Rainbow" to test the
compatibility of her voice quality with the songs in the musical. The members of the panel were
impressed with Salonga's rendition of the songs, noting that from Salonga’s very first note, they already
knew they had a potential Kim. Salonga competed with childhood friend and fellow Repertory
Philippines performer Monique Wilson as they were tested with songs from the musical, which included
"Too Much for One Heart", a number replaced by the duet "Please" right before the musical opened.
Salonga was offered the lead role, with Wilson as the alternate (who was also assigned the role of bar
girl Mimi).

6
For her performance as Kim, Salonga won the Olivier for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical
for the 1989/1990 season. From its original London home, Miss Saigon moved to Broadway in April
1991. Salonga subsequently garnered the Tony, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, and the Theatre
World Awards for the same role. Between 1993 and 1996, she was asked periodically to play Kim on
Broadway to boost ticket sales. In 1999, she was invited back to London to close the musical, and in
2001, at the age of 29 and after doing the Manila run of the musical, Salonga returned to Broadway to
close the Broadway production.

Between opening Miss Saigon in 1989 and closing it on Broadway 12 years later in 2001, Salonga
became involved in other musical productions and projects.

In 1990, Salonga performed in a major homecoming concert in Manila entitled A Miss Called Lea. She
also received a Presidential Award of Merit from Philippine president Corazon Aquino.

1993-1996

In 1993, upon completion of her initial stint as Kim on Broadway, Salonga played the role of street waif
Eponine in the Broadway production of Les Misérables, and later flew to Los Angeles to perform the
song "A Whole New World" of Disney's Aladdin (Salonga is the singing voice of Princess Jasmine) with
Brad Kane at the 65th Annual Academy Awards, where the song won an Oscar. That same year, she
released her self-titled international debut album with Atlantic Records, which had modest sales in the
USA but went platinum in the Philippines and sold 3 million copies worldwide.

In 1994, Salonga played in various musical theater productions in the Philippines and Singapore. She
starred as Sandy in Grease, as Sonia Walks in They're Playing Our Song, and as The Witch in Into The
Woods.

In 1995, Salonga, back in the U.S., played the role of Geri Riordan, an 18-year-old adopted Vietnamese
American child in the movie Redwood Curtain, which starred John Lithgow and Jeff Daniels. She then
flew back to the Philippines to star with Filipino matinee idol Aga Muhlach in the critically-acclaimed
film Sana Maulit Muli, which gave her her second Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences
(FAMAS) award nomination, this time for Best Actress. She accepted an invitation from Sir Cameron
Mackintosh to play the role of Eponine in the Les Miserable's 10th anniversary presentation called Les
Miserables in Concert at London's Royal Albert Hall. Salonga performed as part of a "dream cast"
composed of Colm Wilkinson, Michael Ball, Judy Kuhn, and Philip Quast.

In 1996, Salonga was in Les Miserables once again. She played Eponine in the London production of
the musical, then continued on to do the role in the musical's U.S. national tour in Hawaii.

1997-2003

From 1997 to 2000, Salonga kept herself busy with recordings and concerts in the Philippines and
another engagement in London, in addition to her periodic returns to Miss Saigon in London and on
Broadway. In 1997, she released "I'd Like to Teach The World to Sing" (recordings from her childhood
days) to gold sales in the Philippines. That recording was followed by "Lea...In Love" in 1998 and "By
Heart" in 2000, with both albums reaching multiple platinum status in the Philippines. In addition to the
release of these albums, she participated in the major tribute concert to Sir Cameron Mackintosh in
London called "Hey Mr. Producer: The Musical World of Cameron MacKintosh", where she did
numbers from different musicals mounted by the famous producer. She also performed in four concerts:
The Homecoming Concert, The Millennium Concert, The Best of Manila, and Songs from the Screen -
the last two being benefit shows. Salonga closed the millennium with a grand Miss Saigon
"homecoming" via the Manila production of the musical staged at the Cultural Center of the Philippines
at the end of 2000.

After Miss Saigon's closing on Broadway in 2001, Salonga recreated the role of Lien Hughes originally
played by Ming-Na Wen in the soap opera As The World Turns. (After completing her contract that

7
year, she was asked to return to the role in 2003.) She also guested on Russell Watson's The Voice
concert, narrated for the television special My America: A Poetry Atlas of the United States, and
appeared on the Christmas episode of the TV medical drama E.R., playing the role of a patient with
lymphoma.

In 2002, Salonga returned to Broadway to play the role of a Chinese immigrant in a reinterpretation of
Rodgers and Hammerstein's Flower Drum Song opposite Jose Llana. This was after the reinvented
musical had a very successful run at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles in 2001 with Salonga
playing the lead role and with the show garnering multiple wins and nominations, including Lead
Actress in a Musical for Salonga, from the Theatre Los Angeles Ovation Awards. The show, given a
brand new libretto and considered one of the 10 best plays on Broadway in 2002 by Time Magazine,
garnered Tony Award nominations for Best Book, Best Costume Designer, and Best Choreographer, and
earned nominations from the Outer Critics Circle, the Drama League, the Astaire Awards, and
Broadway.com's Audience Awards and Broadwayworld.com's Fans' Choice Awards as well. The
Salonga-led Broadway revival cast album was also a top contender at the 2003 Grammy Awards for
Best Musical Show Album. While Ms. Salonga's performance was received positively by theater critics
such as Matthew Murray, Heather Cross, Patrick Purdon, and John Simon, among others, she was not
nominated at the Tony Awards for her brief stint on Broadway that season, although she did get
nominations for Distinguished Performance from the Drama League, for Favorite Lead Actress in a
Broadway Musical from Broadway.com's Audience Awards, and for Best Lead Actress in a Musical
from Broadwayworld.com's Fans' Choice Awards. Between the 2001 Los Angeles and 2002 Broadway
productions of Flower Drum Song, she performed in a non-musical theatrical production for the first
time, playing the role of Catherine in the stage play Proof in Manila. This was followed by a major
concert, The Broadway Concert, at the Philippine International Convention Center. She also sang with
Harry Connick, Peter Gallagher, and Michelle Lee in a tribute number for Richard Rodgers at the 56th
Tony Awards.

In 2003, Salonga was back in Manila to do her first "all-Filipino" concert called Songs from Home,
which later won for her another Aliw Award as Entertainer of the Year (she had won it the year prior).
Upon her return to the U.S., she performed in several shows at the Mohegan Sun in Montville,
Connecticut. This was followed by a Christmas concert in the Philippines called Home for Christmas at
the end of the year, which captured the critics' notice at the 18th Aliw Awards, and performances at the
Lenape Regional Performing Arts Center in Marlton, New Jersey the following year, in 2004. Later that
year, she was back on the stage as Lizzie in the Manila production of the musical Baby, which earned
her yet another nomination from the Aliw Awards.

2005-2007

In 2005, Salonga played her first US concert tour in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Atlantic City, and
Chicago. Concert dates in Washington, D.C. and Norfolk, Virginia followed. Later that year, Salonga
performed with a 26-piece ensemble to a sold-out crowd at the Isaac Stern Hall in Carnegie Hall for the
benefit of Diverse City Theater Company. Between her concerts, the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts
and Sciences (FAMAS) bestowed her with the Golden Artist Award at the 53rd FAMAS Awards in
honor of her international achievements. She performed during the grand opening of Hong Kong's
Disneyland[84] and recorded two songs on tenor Daniel Rodriguez's In the Presence CD. That same year,
too, Salonga did voice work for Disney's English dub of Hayao Miyazaki's My Neighbor Totoro as Mrs.
Kusakabe (Salonga's other Disney film credits include the singing voice of Princess Jasmine for Aladdin
in 1992 and Fa Mulan for Mulan and Mulan II in 1998 and in 2004, respectively).

In 2006, at the 15th Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, Salonga concluded the closing ceremony with the
song "Triumph of The One" before an audience of 50,000 people at the Khalifa Stadium.

In 2007, Salonga released her first studio album in seven years called "Inspired", which has been
certified platinum,[ and finished another stint in the musical Les Misérables on Broadway, this time as
Fantine. She is slated to appear in a number of musical events scheduled in different countries until
2008.

8
Salonga received the Order of Lakandula Award from Philippine president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in
recognition of her excellence in her craft and for using her talents to benefit Philippine society. It was
also announced that she would return to Broadway in the musical Les Misérables, replacing Daphne
Rubin-Vega as Fantine on March 6. Her tenure started, however, on March 2, four days earlier than
planned. Her casting on the show has been credited with boosting the musical's ticket sales on
Broadway. On September 27, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was in New York,
watched Salonga in her new role in the musical, whose cast that night included Filipino Americans
Adam Jacobs as Marius and Ali Ewoldt as Cosette. Her contract with the musical ended on October 21,
2007 and she was succeeded by Broadway's original Cosette Judy Kuhn. For her performances in this
revival, Salonga received rave reviews and made it again to the short list of Broadway.com's Audience
Award favorites—this time for Best Replacement for her new role as Fantine. During her stint on
Broadway this season, she appeared on Broadway on Broadway 2007 and Stars in the Alley 2007, spoke
at the Broadway Artists Alliance Summer Intensives, guested on the Broadway musical 25th Annual
Putnam County Spelling Bee, and participated in Broadway Cares / Equity Fights AIDS' 12th Annual
Nothing Like A Dame event to benefit the women's health initiative of The Actors Fund. Right after
doing Les Misérables, she performed in two events: at the US Military Academy Band's concert in West
Point where she sang four songs and an encore and in her own concert at the Tarrytown Music Hall in
New York.

As of November 2007, a number of performances were scheduled for the rest of the year and for 2008,
including a Christmas presentation in Manila, concerts in other parts of the Philippines and in California,
Hawaii, Hong Kong, and Guam and Broadway Asia Entertainment's international tour of Rodgers &
Hammerstein's Cinderella, where she plays the lead.

In her 30-year career thus far, Salonga has performed for five Philippine presidents (from Ferdinand
Marcos to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo), three American Presidents (George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and
George W. Bush), and for Diana, Princess of Wales and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

2008-Present

Salonga, on July 3, 2008 started writing as columnist in Philippine Daily Inquirer - "Backstory"
(Entertainment section), "Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer". She performed in "Global Pop" at the
Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy
Chandler in 1968. Backed by an orchestra of 19 musicians, Lea Salonga received a standing ovation for
her historic solo concert at Frank Gehry’s masterpiece on July 11 at Los Angeles’ iconic Walt Disney
Concert Hall. Salonga also performed part of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s “There’s Music in You,” as
preview of her coming show “Cinderella,” at the Cultural Center of the Philippines on July 29.

According to Billboard.com, the acclaimed singing actress is scheduled to offer concerts in Nevada,
Washington, California, Indiana, New York, Hawaii and more in 2009 and was also asked to dance
novelty Filipino dances "Ocho-ocho" and "Spaghetti."

In July 2009 Lea was selected to become a new ambassador for Avon's line of anti-aging skin care
products Anew Rejuvenate.

Also in the same month, Lea was invited to sing at the 95th Anniversary Special of Iglesia Ni Cristo.
She was given a standing ovation after her first song, which was an original Iglesia Ni Cristo
composition and arranged by Ryan Cayabyab.

On August 5, 2009, at the final requiem mass for President Corazon Aquino, Lea Salonga sang Bayan
Ko as the final song right before Aquino's cortege is brought out from the Manila Cathedral.

Lea will play the pivotal role of Grizabella in Lunchbox Theatrical Productions’ staging of “Cats” in
Manila. It will run for four weeks starting in July 2010, with a gala night and weekend matinees, at the
Cultural Center of the Philippines.

9
Education and Personal life

Lea Salonga is the eldest child of Feliciano Genuino Salonga and Ligaya Alcantara Imutan and spent the
first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila. She is the sister of composer
Gerard Salonga. Contrary to popular belief, she is not related to former Senator Jovito Salonga.

She studied at the O. B. Montessori Center in Greenhills, Metro Manila, where she was a Bergamo 1
Student and an active participant in school productions. She also attended the University of the
Philippines College of Music's extension program aimed at training musically talented children in music
and stage movement. She was a college freshman at the Ateneo de Manila University when she
auditioned for Miss Saigon and attended Fordham University when she was in New York.

On January 10, 2004, Salonga married Robert Charles Chien, a Chinese-Japanese managing director of
an entertainment software company in Los Angeles, California, whom she met while doing Flower
Drum Song. They have a daughter, Nicole Beverly, born on May 16, 2006 and named after Salonga's
late mother-in-law, Beverly Chien. She is also an avid video game enthusiast, and has mentioned her
love for the hobby in several of her print articles.

Juan Luna

10
 Early life

Born in the town of Badoc, Ilocos Norte in the northern Philippines, Luna
was the third among the seven children of Don Joaquin Luna de San Pedro
y Posada and Doña Laureana Novicio y Ancheta. In 1861, the Luna family
moved to Manila and he went to Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he
obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. He excelled in painting and drawing,
and was influenced by his brother, Manuel Luna, who, according to
Filipino patriot José Rizal, was a better painter than Juan himself.

Luna enrolled at Escuela Nautica (Academia Naval) and became a sailor.

He took drawing lessons under the illustrious painting teacher Lorenzo
Guerrero of Ermita, Manila. He also enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts
(Academia de Dibujo y Pintura) in Manila where he was influenced and
taught how to draw by the Spanish artist Agustin Saez. Unfortunately,
Luna's vigorous brush strokes displeased his teacher and Luna was
discharged from the Academy. However, Guerrero was impressed by his
skill and urged Luna to travel to Spain to further pursue his studies.

Travel abroad

In 1877 Manuel and Juan Luna traveled to Europe, where Manuel studied music and Juan painting. Juan
entered the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, where he befriended the painter Don Alejo Vera.
Luna was discontented with the style of teaching in school and decided that it would be much better to
work with Vera. Vera brought him to Rome for some of his commissions, and Luna was exposed to the
art of the Renaissance painters. It was in 1878 when his artistic talents was established with the opening
of the first art exposition in Madrid which was called the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes (National
Demonstration of Beautiful Arts). From then on, Luna became engrossed in painting and produced a
collection of paintings that he exhibited in the 1881 Exposition.

His La Muerta de Cleopatra (The Death of Cleopatra) won him a silver medal and came in second
place. Luna's growing reputation as an artist led to a pensionado (pension) scholarship at 600 pesos
annually through the Ayuntamiento of Manila. The condition was that he was obliged to develop a
painting which captured the essence of Philippine history which would then become the Ayuntamiento's
property.

As an artist

In 1883 Luna started the painting demanded of him by the

Ayuntamiento. In May 1884, he shipped the large canvas of
the Spoliarium to Madrid for the year's Exposición
Nacional de Bellas Artes. He was the first recipient of the
three gold medals awarded in the exhibition and Luna
gained recognition among the connoisseurs and art critics
present. On June 25, 1884, Filipino and Spanish nobles
organized an event celebrating Luna's win in the exhibition.
That evening, Rizal prepared a speech for his friend,
addressing the two significant things of his art work, which
included the glorification of genius and the grandeur of his
artistic skills.

Luna developed a friendly relationship with the King of Spain and was later commissioned by the
Spanish Senate to paint a large canvas which was called the La Batalla de Lepanto (The Battle of
Lepanto). He moved to Paris in 1885 where he opened his own studio and befriended Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo. A year after, he finished the piece El Pacto de Sangre (The Blood Compact) in accordance with
the agreement he had with the Ayuntamiento of Manila. Depicted in this piece was the blood compact

11
ceremony between the native chieftain Datu Sikatuna and the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de
Legazpi. It is displayed in the Malacañang Palace. He also sent two other paintings in addition to the one
required; the second canvas sent to Manila was a portrait of Don Miguel López de Legazpi reconstructed
by Luna from his recollection of López de Legazpi's portrait he saw in the hall of the Cabildo, and the
third was of Governor-general Ramón Blanco y Erenas.

In 1887, Luna once again traveled back to Spain to enter in that year's Exposition two of his pieces, the
La Batalla de Lepanto and Rendición de Granada (Surrender of Granada), which both won in the
exhibition. He celebrated his triumph with his friends in Madrid with Graciano Lopez-Jaena delivered
Luna a congratulatory speech. Luna's paintings are generally described as being vigorous and dramatic.
With its elements of Romanticism, his style shows the influence of Delacroix, Rembrandt, and Daumier.

Marriage

On December 8, 1886, Luna married Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera a sister of his friend Felix and
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. The couple traveled to Venice and Rome and settled in Paris. They had one
son, whom they named Andrés, and a daughter who died in infancy. Luna was fond of painting his wife.
Unfortunately, an occurrence tragically ended their married life. The jealous Luna frequently accused
Paz of having an affair with a certain Monsieur Dussaq. Finally in a fit of jealousy, he killed his wife
and mother-in-law and wounded his brother-in-law, Felix, on September 23, 1892. He was arrested and
murder charges were filed against him.

Luna was acquitted of charges on February 8, 1893. He was ordered to pay the Pardo de Taveras a sum
of one thousand six hundred fifty one francs and eighty three cents, and an additional twenty five francs
for postage, in addition to the interest of damages. Five days later, Luna went to Madrid with his brother,
Antonio Luna, and his son, Andrés.

Final years

In 1891 Luna moved back to the Philippines and traveled to Japan in 1896, returning during the
Philippine Revolution of the Cry of Balintawak. Unfortunately, on September 16, 1896, he and his
brother Antonio Luna were arrested by Spanish authorities for being involved with the Katipunan rebel
army. Despite his imprisonment, Luna was still able to produce a work of art which he gave to a priest's
visit. He was pardoned by the Spanish courts on May 27, 1897 and was released from prison and he
traveled back to Spain. In 1898, he was appointed by the executive board of the Philippine revolutionary
government as a member of the Paris delegation which was working for the diplomatic recognition of
the República Filipina (Philippine Republic). In 1899, upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1898),
Luna was named a member of the delegation to Washington to press for the recognition of the
Philippine government.

He traveled back to the Philippines in December 1899 upon hearing of the death of his brother Antonio
who was in Hong Kong in exile. On December 7, 1899, Luna suffered a heart attack and died there. His
remains were buried in Hong Kong and in 1920 were exhumed and kept in Andrés Luna's house, to be
later transferred to a niche at the Crypt Chapel of San Agustin in the Philippines. Five years later, Juan
would be reinstated as a world renowned artist and Peuple et Rois, his last major work, was acclaimed
the best entry to the Universal Exposition of St. Louis in the United States. Unfortunately some of his
paintings were destroyed by fire in World War II.

Fe del Mundo

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 Fe del Mundo (born November 27, 1911) is a Filipino pediatrician. Possibly
the first woman admitted as a student of the Harvard Medical School, she
founded the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. Her pioneering work in
pediatrics in the Philippines in an active medical practice that has spanned 8
decades has won her international recognition, including the Ramon Magsaysay
Award for Public Service in 1977. In 1980, she was conferred the rank and title
of National Scientist of the Philippines.

Early life and education

Del Mundo was born in Intramuros, Manila, her family home located just across the Manila Cathedral.
Her father Bernardo served one term in the Philippine Assembly, representing the 2nd district of
Tayabas. 3 of her 8 siblings died in infancy, while an older sister died from appendicitis at age 11. It was
the death of her older sister, who had made known her desire to become a doctor for the poor, that
spurred young del Mundo towards the medical profession.

Del Mundo enrolled at the University of the Philippines, Manila in 1926 and earned her medical degree
in 1933, graduating as class valedictorian. She passed the medical board exam that same year, placing
third among the examinees. Her exposure while in medical school to various health conditions afflicting
children in the provinces, particularly in Marinduque, led her to choose pediatrics as her specialization.

Admission to Harvard Medical School and post-graduate studies

After her graduation from U.P., del Mundo was offered a full scholarship to any school in the United
States for further training in a medical field of her choice by President Manuel Quezon. She accepted the
offer and chose to go to Harvard, arriving at Harvard Medical School in 1936. She was unwittingly
enrolled in Harvard Medical School, an institution which did not yet then admit female students. As
recounted in her official Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation biography:

[Del Mundo] humorously relates that when she arrived in Boston and went to the dormitory assigned
her in a letter from the director of the hospital housing, much to her surprise she found herself in a
men's dorm. Unknowingly the Harvard officials had admitted a female to their all-male student body.
But because her record was so strong the head of the pediatrics department saw no reason not to accept
her. Thus, upsetting Harvard tradition, she became the first Philippine woman and the only female at
the time to be enrolled at the Harvard Medical School.

Some sources cite del Mundo as the first woman ever enrolled in Harvard Medical School , or the first
woman to be enrolled at Pediatrics at the school, or even the first Asian admitted to the Harvard Medical
School. On this point, del Mundo herself would acknowledge only that she was "the first [woman]
coming from [as] far [as the Philippines]". However, Harvard Medical School began to accept female
students only in 1945, nine years after del Mundo was enrolled in the school.

Del Mundo remained in HMS until 1938, completing 3 Pediatric courses. She then took up a residency
at the Billings Hospital of the University of Chicago, before returning to Massachusetts in 1939 for a
two-year research fellowship at the Harvard Medical School Children's Hospital. She also enrolled at the
Boston University School of Medicine, earning a Master's degree in bacteriology in 1940.

Medical practice

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Del Mundo returned to the Philippines in 1941, shortly before the Japanese invasion of the country later
that year. She joined the International Red Cross and volunteered to care for children-internees then
detained at the University of Santo Tomas internment camp for foreign nationals. She set up a makeshift
hospice within the internment camp, and her activities led her to be known as "The Angel of Santo
Tomas". After the Japanese authorities shut down the hospice in 1943, del Mundo was asked by Manila
mayor León G. Guinto, Sr. to head a children's hospital under the auspices of the city government. The
hospital was later expanded into a full-care medical center to cope with the mounting casualties during
the Battle of Manila, and would be renamed the North General Hospital (later, the Jose R. Reyes
Memorial Medical Center). Del Mundo would remain the hospital's director until 1948.

Del Mundo joined the faculty of the University of Santo Tomas, then the Far Eastern University in 1954.
She likewise established a small medical pediatric clinic to pursue a private practice.

Establishment of the Children's Medical Center

The Children's Medical Center of the Philippines in 1957.

Frustrated by the bureaucratic constraints in working for a government hospital, del Mundo had desired
to establish her own pediatric hospital. Towards that end, she sold her home and most of her personal
effects and obtained a sizable loan from the GSIS in order to finance the construction of her own
hospital. The Children's Medical Center, a 100-bed hospital located in Quezon City, was inaugurated in
1957 as the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. The hospital was expanded in 1966 through the
establishment of an Institute of Maternal and Child Health, the first institution of its kind in Asia.

Having sold her home to finance the medical center, del Mundo chose to reside at the second-floor of
the hospital itself. As of 2007, she retains her living quarters at the hospital (since renamed the "Fe del
Mundo Children's Medical Center Foundation"), rising daily at five in the morning and continuing to
make her daily rounds even though she is now wheelchair-bound at 96 years of age.

The Dr. Fe Del Mundo Medical Center (Children's Medical Center of the Philippines, 1957)

As early as 1958, del Mundo conveyed her personal ownership over the hospital to a board of trustees.
In July 2007, the Medical Center Foundation reported to the Department of Labor and Employment that
it would cease operations after having incurred losses of more 100 million pesos. Reports soon emerged
that a joint venture composed of the management and consulting firm Accent Healthcare and the STI
Colleges had offered to lease, manage and operate the institution, thus precluding it from shutting down. [
Concerns over the employment status of the rank-and-file hospital employees following the takeover led
to a strike that forced the temporary closure of the hospital in August 2007.. In September 2007, the
hospital announced its re-opening under the new management of the joint venture management firm
Accent/STI Management, Inc. According to a statement released by the hospital, under the 20-year
management lease agreement contracted with Accent/STI Management, Inc., the latter agreed to absorb
the outstanding debts of the hospital.

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Research and innovations

Del Mundo is noted for her pioneering work on infectious diseases in Philippine communities.
Undeterred by the lack of well-equipped laboratories in post-war Philippines, she would not hesitate to
send specimens or blood samples for analysis abroad. In the 1950s, she pursued studies on dengue fever,
a common malady in the Philippines of which little was then yet known of. Her clinical observations on
dengue, and the findings of research she later undertook on the disease are said to "have led to a fuller
understanding of dengue fever as it afflicts the young". She authored over a hundred articles, reviews
and reports in medical journals on such diseases as dengue, polio and measles. She also authored
"Textbook of Pediatrics", a fundamental medical text used in Philippine medical schools.

Del Mundo is active in the field of public health, with special concerns towards rural communities. She
organized rural extension teams to advise mothers on breastfeeding and child care. and promoted the
idea of linking hospitals to the community through the public immersion of physicians and other
medical personnel to allow for greater coordination among health workers and the public for common
health programs such as immunization and nutrition. She called for the greater integration of midwives
into the medical community, considering their more visible presence within rural communities.
Notwithstanding her own devout Catholicism, she is an advocate of family planning and population
control.

Del Mundo is also known for having devised an incubator made out of bamboo, designed for use in rural
communities without electrical power.

Citations

In 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos named del Mundo as a National Scientist of the Philippines, the
first Filipino woman to be so-named.

Among the international honors bestowed on del Mundo was the Elizabeth Blackwell Award for
Outstanding Service to Mankind, handed in 1966 by Hobart and William Smith Colleges, and the
citation as Outstanding Pediatrician and Humanitarian by the International Pediatric Association in
1977. Also in 1977, del Mundo was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service.

Lorenzo Ruiz
Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, aka San Lorenzo de Manila (1600 – September 29, 1637) is the first Chinese
Filipino saint (protomartyr) venerated in the Roman Catholic Church. He was martyred during
persecution of Japanese Christians under the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 17th century.

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Early life

Born in Binondo, Manila, Lorenzo Ruiz was of mixed Chinese and Filipino
descent (mestizo). His Chinese father taught him Chinese, and his Filipino
mother taught him his native tongue Tagalog. Both of his parents were
Catholic.

Ruiz served as an altar boy at the convent of Binondo church. After being educated by the Dominican
friars for a few years, Ruiz earned the title of escribano (calligrapher) because of his skillful hand and
unsurpassed penmanship. He became a member of the Cofradia del Santissimo Rosario (Confraternity of
the Rosary). In 1636, while working as a clerk at the Binondo Church, Ruiz was falsely accused of
killing a Spaniard. Prior to this incident, his life with his Filipino wife, two sons and a daughter was
peaceful, religious and full of contentment. But after the allegation, Ruiz sought asylum on board a ship
with three Dominican priests: Saint Antonio Gonzalez; Saint Guillermo Courtet; Saint Miguel de
Aozaraza, a Japanese priest; Saint Vicente Shiwozuka de la Cruz; and a layman named Saint Lazaro of
Kyoto, a leper. Ruiz and his companions left for Japan on June 10, 1636 with the aid of the Dominican
fathers and Fr. Domingo Gonzales.

Exile to Japan, arrest and torture

The boat landed at Okinawa and the group was arrested and persecuted because of their Christian
religion. They were brought to Nagasaki on July 10, 1636. They were tortured through hanging by their
feet, by submerging in water until near death, and by water torture. Needles were also inserted under
their finger nails and they were beaten until unconscious. These methods made some of Ruiz's
companions recant their faith, but Ruiz never did.

Martyrdom
On September 27, 1637, Ruiz and his companions were taken to the "Mountain of
Martyrs", where they were hung upside down into a pit known as horca y hoya, or
tsurushi. This mode of torture was considered as the most painful way to die at the time
because it involved the use of rocks to add weight to the person being punished. The
individual being tortured suffocated quickly while being crushed by his own weight. Two
days after, Ruiz died from hemorrhage and suffocation. His body was cremated and his
ashes were thrown into the sea.

Path to sainthood

Lorenzo Ruiz was beatified in Manila on February 18, 1981 by Pope John Paul II during his Papal visit to Manila,
the first beatification ceremony held outside the Vatican. San Lorenzo Ruiz was elevated to Sainthood and
canonized by Pope John Paul II in the Vatican City, Rome on October 18, 1987 making him the first Filipino saint
and the first Filipino martyr.

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels

Lorenzo Ruiz's image is one of 135 saints and blessed from around the world in the Communion of Saints
Tapestries hung inside the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles by John Nava.

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