Proof of Efficacy Document: ‘You Have the Power’ Energy Transfer Device

Our design is a thermos with a

double-walled outer layer in which a
chemical reaction between calcium chloride
and water can occur to create heat. This
heat layer cradling the outside of the
beverage cup can help to maintain the heat
of a hot beverage of choice inside the cup
throughout the day. Additional insulation in
the form of a cup cozie on the outside of
the outer cup provides a secondary layer to
further help the drink to stay warm.

Chemical equation for Lithium Chloride reaction: LiCl + H​2​O → LiOH + HCl
Chemical equation for Calcium Chloride reaction: CaCl​2 +
​ 2H​2​O → Ca(OH)​2​ + 2HCl

Q=mcΔT
LiCl 10g Test: Q=50.13g(4.186J/g℃)35.1℃ ​ =7,370J
Q
CaCl​2​ 10g Test: Q=50.09g(4.186J/g℃)29.9℃ ​Q=6,270J
CaCl​2​ 20g Test: Q=60.10g(4.186J/g℃)49.2℃ ​Q=12,400J
CaCl​2​ 40g Test: Q=80.00g(4.186J/g℃)60.9℃ ​Q=20,400J

We initially tested reaction between lithium chloride and water and calcium
chloride and water. We quickly realized that although the lithium chloride and water
heated up the quickest, it also cooled down the fastest. So, because we wanted a to
hold the warm temperature for as long a time as possible, we chose to use calcium
chloride and water for our final product. We used the 40 mL of water to 40g of calcium
chloride, because that ratio created the greatest amount of heat energy, which was
proven by our calculations. For each experiment, we used the same amount of water
(40 mL) and only changed the amount of substance we used; this way we had a
controlled variable.
The graph of the reaction between 40 mL of water with 40 g of ​CaCl​2 ​ ​(the ratio
we ultimately chose with the above reasoning) shows that the temperature reached a
high of 79.6℃ and stayed that way for a while (past what’s been graphed).

A team member was absent for a lot of the days of this experiment, so we never
actually saw our device or were able to conduct further tests. If we had the opportunity
to do more testing, we would have payed attention to not only the heat of the outside
reaction but the temperature of the beverage in the cup. We could have also tested
whether the insulation cozie was actually effective in further helping to keep the liquid
warm. While our product is meant to keep already-warm liquid warm throughout the
day, we’d be curious to also see whether it has the ability to heat up a cooler liquid. A
test we could have done to determine this would be to put a room-temperature liquid in
the beverage cup and see if the outside reaction heated the liquid up.
In a chemical reaction, energy is required to break the bonds of the reactants,
and energy is released as new bonds are formed in the products. In our reaction, ​when 
adding calcium chloride to water, hydrochloric acid and calcium oxide form.​ ​The 
combination of the two substances is released in the form of heat.​ All of the energy
starts as potential when the chemicals are separated, but as the chemical reaction
takes place it turns into kinetic energy.
 This what the molecules will look like during our reaction:

CaCl​2 H​2​0
​ Ca(OH)​2​+HCl

Since our project was a product, the main selling points of our design are...
● Keeps your beverage warm
● Easy to use
● Reusable
● Dishwasher safe
● Low cost