1.

1 Aim :- To study and verify Thevenin’s theorem

1.2 Equipments :- Signal generator, AC milivoltmeter, CRO, circuit board, wires.

1.3 Theory:-
Thevenin’s Theorem :- Any two terminal network containing energy sources and
impedances, it can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source E th in
series with an impedance Zth.
Where Eth is open circuit voltage measured at the terminals of the network and Zth is the
equivalent impedance measured between the open circuited load terminals when all energy
sources are replaced by their internal impedances.

1.4 Procedure :-

A] Calculate ETH and ZTH theoretically for the given network.

ZTH = R1R2/(R1+R2) + R3 + ( 1/j ωC3)

ETH = ER2 / R1+R2

RTH = ZTH cos Ө.

CTH = 1/2*π*f* ZTH * sin Ө

B] Measure ETH and IL practically.

Make the connections for given thevenin’s circuit.

1. Apply 4Vp-p signal at input terminals 1-1’ of given network.
2. Measure the load current IL at the output terminals by measuring VL across load RL.
And find IL as VL/RL
3. Now measure the open circuit voltage ETH at the terminal 2-2’ by disconnecting the
load.
4. Now connect the thevenin’s equivalent circuit as shown in fig. apply voltage of value
ETH and measure voltage across RL and find current IL flowing through load
resistance RL.

If IL = IL’ then theorem is verified.

C] Practical measurement of ZTH for the given circuit.

i. Make the connections as shown in fig (2).

ii. Replace the voltage source by its equivalent impedance at 1-1’. Apply voltage V1
of 4Vp-p as input from terminal 2-2’. And measure V3 across R3.
iii. Calculate Zth = (V1/V3) * R3.
 Verify whether the values of ETH and ZTH are same as that of theoretical values.

1.5 Calculations:-
1. VL =
2. IL = VL/RL
3. Vth= Voc =
4. V1 ( Voltage across 680 ohm by replacing i/p by its internal resistance say 50ohm) =
Vpp
5. θ ( using Lissajious pattern) =
6. ZTh = (V1/V3) * R3.=
7. RTH = ZTH cos Ө =
8. CTH = 1/2*π*f* ZTH * sin Ө =

1.6 Result :-

Parameter Theoretical values Practical values

Zth
ETH

1.7 Conclusion :-
1.Comment on result wrt statement of Thevenin’s Theorem.
2.What is bilateral network?
3. State applications of Thevenin’s theorem.