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Corporate norms for network traffic degradations as they Provide the playback service but at a lower resolution
relate to resolution issues Provide the playback service at full resolution but drop
intermediate frames
File format and data compression
Provide service at full resolution and frame rate in blocks
There are many file formats and data compression methods
available for multimedia objects.
It is usually designed for a single user Good authoring systems should allow the user
to define an object hierarchy
It needs a very intuitive interface
to specify the relative location of each object within that hierarchy
to make temporal adjustment to objects
Timeline-based authoring
Integration of applications: the appearance of the Navigation — refers to the sequence in which the
applications and the ability of the applications to application progresses
exchange data Direct navigation — completely predefined
Common user interface Free-form navigation — the user determines the sequence of
actions
Structuring the information — is to identify the Browse navigation — the user is provided a large number of
information objects and to develop an information choices
model to define the relationships among these objects An important aspect of any multimedia system is to
maintain a clear perspective and the relationship between
Object types and object hierarchies — how the various
those objects
attributes and representations of real-world objects are
related
Designing user interface
Object representation — consists of display/playback
requirements and timing information for each object and its A good user interface is defined as one that is perceived to be
sub-objects efficient and intuitive by most users
Object connections — describes the relationship between A good user interface can be designed by following some
objects and helps to navigate among the objects structured guidelines:
Planning the overall structure of the application
For user interface metaphors that were not known to users, a new Direct — this requires that the user has knowledge of
design took sometime to take hold. the specific object that need to be accessed, e.g.,
object ID, object name
The organiser metaphor — Lotus Organiser
This is a clear example of a close adaptation of an existing user Indexed — an attribute of an object, e.g., ID, may be
interface to a GUI.
used as an index. Indexed access may result in
The telephone metaphor — combines a well-known user multiple copies of the same object.
interface with other GUI element to provide a more
convenient means of access information and perform Random selection (browsing) — the user can pick
communication
one of several possible items that are not arranged in
Aural user interface — the real challenge in designing AUI any logical sequence
systems is to create an aural desktop that substitutes voice
and ear for the keyboard and display, and be able to mix and
Path selection of guided tour — the application
match them
guides the user through a predefined path across a
The VCR metaphor — this is one of the most common user number of objects
interfaces
Image display issues — Images are usually stored in Design issues for multimedia authoring
compressed form. The original images are usually
scanned in high resolution, e.g., 300/400dpi Types of Multimedia authoring systems
Scaling — is performed on the fly after decompression
Application design considerations
Zooming — allows the user to see more detail for a specific
area of the image
User interface design
Panning — allows the user to see different areas of an image
Extra storage and processing power are required to support these Information access
features.
Object display/playback issues
Audio quality — the server and network bandwidth
will affect the smooth play back of audio