Cloud Computing

Chapter #3
Understanding Cloud Computing
Topics:
 Origin and influences
 Basic concepts and terminologies
 Goals and benefits
 Risks and challenges
Origin and Influences
Brief History
• Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is basically a centralized storage
If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she need to connect to the server and then gain
appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her business.
• Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are networked together and share
their resources when needed.
• At around in 1961, John McCarty suggested in a speech at MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) that
computing can be sold like a utility, just like a water or electricity.
• The idea of Intergalactic Computer Network in sixties by J.C.R Licklider who was enabling the development of
ARPANET(Advance Research Project Agency Network) in 1969.
Cloud Computing can be defined as delivering computing power( CPU, RAM, Network Speeds, Storage OS software)
a service over a network (usually on the internet) rather than physically having the computing resources at the
customer location.
Example: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
Milestone

1.Salesforce.com
1st milestone in 1999
Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a simple website.
2. Amazon Web services
2nd milestone in 2002
Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation and even human intelligence..

 3.Elastic Computing Cloud(EC2)

3rd milestone in 2006
Amazon launched as commercial web service
it allow small companies and individual to rent computer on which to run their own App.

4. Google App
4th milestone in 2009
As web 2.0 hit its stride, Google and other started offer browse based enterprise app through service application.

5.Window Azure
5th milestone in 2009 by Microsoft
it is an operating environment “Design to manage extremely large pool of computational resources
other companies like Oracle and HP have all joined the game.
Basic Concept and termonologies
The cloud
• A cloud refers to a distinct IT environment
that is designed for the purpose of
remotely provisioning scalable and
measured IT resources.
 IT Resource

• An IT resource is a physical or virtual IT-related artifact that can be either

software-based, such as a virtual server or a custom software program,
or hardware-based, such as a physical server or a network device.
 On-Premises

• An IT resource that is hosted in a conventional IT enterprise within an

organizational boundary (that does not specifically represent a cloud) is
considered to be located on the premises of the IT enterprise, or on-
premise for short.
Scaling
• Scaling, from an IT resource perspective, represents the ability of the
IT resource to handle increased or decreased usage demands.
• The following are types of scaling:
• Horizontal Scaling – scaling out and scaling in
• Vertical Scaling – scaling up and scaling down
Cloud Consumers and Cloud Providers

• The party that provides cloud-based IT resources is the cloud provider.

• The party that uses cloud-based IT resources is the cloud consumer.
Cloud service

• A cloud service is any IT resource that is made remotely accessible via a

cloud.
Goals And Benefits

• Reduced Investments and Proportional Costs

• Increased Scalability
• Increased Availability and Reliability
• speed
• Security
• On Demand self sevices
• Location and Device Independence
• No need of installation
• Unlimited storage
• Reduced cost:
Cost saving is the biggest benefit of cloud computing.Cloud Computing is highly cost effective
because it operates at high efficiency with optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet
connection.
• Location and Device Independence
Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provide platform independent
access to any type of clients.One can access applications from anywhere, over the Internet.
• On Demand resources:
Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service.we only request our desired resources and
cloud provide accordind to our need.
• No need of Installation
Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools, programming runtime
environment through PaaS model.
Unlimited storage capacity
The cloud offers almost limitless storage capacity. At any time you can quickly expand your
storage capacity with very nominal monthly fees.
 CONT....
• Back-up and restore data
Once the data is stored in a Cloud, it is easier to get the back-up and recovery of that, which is
otherwise very time taking process on-premise.
• Reliability
Reliability is one of the biggest pluses of cloud computing. You can always get instantly updated
about the changes.
• High Speed
Cloud computing allows you to deploy your service quickly in fewer clicks. This faster
deployment allows you to get the resources required for your system within fewer minutes.
 Risk and challenges
 Security and privacy issues
 Lack of trust
 Lack of interoperability
 Cloud migration
 Lack of expertise
 Downtime
 Bandwidth cost
 Security and privacy issues:
the security challenges in the cloud include threats, data loss, service disruption, outside malicious attacks and multitenancy issues.
 Lack of trust:
cloud consumers have always remained hesitate for cloud adaptation due to the fear of losing control over their applications and data
entrusted to CSP. Consumer doubt CSP’s intentions and trueness.
 Lack of interoperability:
it has made it difficult to move workloads between private clouds and public clouds and also some experts say these problems hinder
cloud adoption.
 Cloud migration:
Cloud migration is a big challenge as many companies when they require to migrate from on-premises to cloud or from one cloud to
another, they partner with experienced cloud service provider.
 Lack of expertise:
With the quick advancements and improvements in cloud technologies, more and more organizations are clouds to place their workloads.
However, they face difficulties to keep up with the tools which require particular expertise. Organizations can deal with this challenge by providing
cloud technologies training to their sys admins along with development staff.
 Downtime:
Businesses suppose complete data accessibility and availability when their data is stored on cloud anytime from anywhere. The main challenge
most organizations face is they can access their data from cloud only through internet connection. So, poor internet connection can disrupt cloud
services and higher risks of data accessibility.
 Bandwidth cost:
Though organizations and businesses can save money on hardware using cloud, but they have to pay extra for the bandwidth they use to
access their workloads. However, it doesn’t charge much for smaller apps, but data-intensive apps need more bandwidth which can costs higher.