Cloud Computing

UNIT I [15 hrs]

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Chapter1: Introduction and history of cloud computing, Characteristics and advantages of
cloud computing, Cloud service providers and market overview, Virtualization and its role
in cloud computing.
Chapter 2: Cloud Deployment Models: Public, private, and hybrid cloud models,
Comparisons and selection criteria for deployment models, Case studies and examples of
cloud deployments.
UNIT II [15 hrs]

Cloud Service Models and Security

Chapter1: Cloud Service Models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service

(PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), Comparison and use cases of service models. Cloud
Platform and Tools: Introduction to popular cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).
Chapter2: Security in Cloud Computing, Security challenges and threats in the cloud,
Identity and access management, Data privacy and protection, Compliance and legal issues in
the cloud
UNIT III [15 hrs]

Scaling Techniques and Emerging Trends in Cloud Computing

Chapter1: Scalability and Performance Optimization, Scaling techniques for cloud-based
applications.
Load balancing and auto-scaling, Performance monitoring and optimization.

Chapter2: Emerging Trends in Cloud Computing, Server less computing, Edge computing,
Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud integration, Future directions and innovations in cloud
computing.
 Unit 1
Introduction to Cloud Computing

Introduction and history of cloud computing

The term cloud refers to a network or the internet. It is a technology that uses remote servers
on the internet to store, manage, and access data online rather than local drives. The data can
be anything such as files, images, documents, audio, video, and more.
There are the following operations that we can do using cloud computing:
o Developing new applications and services
o Storage, back up, and recovery of data
o Hosting blogs and websites
o Delivery of software on demand
o Analysis of data
o Streaming videos and audios

Why Cloud Computing?

Small as well as large IT companies, follow the traditional methods to provide the IT
infrastructure. That means for any IT company, we need a Server Room that is the basic need
of IT companies.

In that server room, there should be a database server, mail server, networking, firewalls,
routers, modem, switches, QPS (Query Per Second means how much queries or load will be
handled by the server), configurable system, high net speed, and the maintenance engineers.

To establish such IT infrastructure, we need to spend lots of money. To overcome all these
problems and to reduce the IT infrastructure cost, Cloud Computing comes into existence.
Cloud Computing Service Provider’s :
Cloud computing is in huge demand so, big organization providing the service like Amazon
AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Alibaba cloud etc. are some Cloud Computing
service Provider.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are many characteristics of Cloud Computing here are few of them:
1. On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any
human administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and
manage computing resources as needed.
2. Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over
standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
3. Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able
to scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the user require
services it is provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets
over.
4. Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) present are shared across multiple applications and
occupant in an uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from
a same physical resource.
5. Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application and
occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with an account
of what has been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing
and effective use of resource.
6. Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple tenants (users
or organizations) on a single set of shared resources.
7. Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology to
abstract underlying hardware resources and present them as logical resources to
users.
8. Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically designed with
redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which ensures high availability and
reliability.
9. Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing models,
including pay-per-use, subscription-based, and spot pricing, allowing users to
choose the option that best suits their needs.
10. Security: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect their
users’ data and ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
11. Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly automated, allowing
users to deploy and manage resources with minimal manual intervention.
12. Sustainability: Cloud providers are increasingly focused on sustainable
practices, such as energy-efficient data centers and the use of renewable energy
sources, to reduce their environmental impact.
Advantages of Cloud Computing

History of Cloud Computing

 Before Computing was come into existence, client Server Architecture was used
where all the data and control of client resides in Server side. If a single user
want to access some data, firstly user need to connect to the server and after that
user will get appropriate access. But it has many disadvantages. So, After Client
Server computing, Distributed Computing was come into existence, in this type
 of computing all computers are networked together with the help of this, user
can share their resources when needed. It also has certain limitations. So in order
to remove limitations faced in distributed system, cloud computing was
emerged.

 During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at MIT that “Computing Can
be sold as a Utility, like Water and Electricity.” According to John MacCharty it
was a brilliant idea. But people at that time don’t want to adopt this technology.
They thought the technology they are using efficient enough for them. So, this
concept of computing was not appreciated much so and very less will research
on it. But as the time fleet the technology caught the idea after few years this
idea is implemented. So, this is implemented by Salesforce.com in 1999.

 This company started delivering an enterprise application over the internet and
this way the boom of Cloud Computing was started.

 In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon will provide
storage, computation over the internet. In 2006 Amazon will launch Elastic
Compute Cloud Commercial Service which is open for Everybody to use.

 After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing
Enterprise Application as other companies will see the emergence of cloud
Computing they also started providing their cloud services. Thus, in 2009,
Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and after that other companies like Alibaba,
IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces their Cloud Services. In today the Cloud
Computing become very popular and important skill.
Advantages :
 It is easier to get backup in cloud.
 It allows us easy and quick access stored information anywhere and anytime.
 It allows us to access data via mobile.
  It reduces both hardware ad Software cost, and it is easily maintainable.
 One of the biggest advantage of Cloud Computing is Database Security.
Disadvantages :
 It requires good internet connection.
 User have limited control on the data.

Architecture of Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing , which is one of the demanding technology of the current
time and which is giving a new shape to every organization by providing on
demand virtualized services/resources. Starting from small to medium and
medium to large, every organization use cloud computing services for storing
information and accessing it from anywhere and anytime only with the help of
internet.
 Transparency, scalability, security and intelligent monitoring are some of
the most important constraints which every cloud infrastructure should
experience.
Current research on other important constraints is helping cloud computing
system to come up with new features and strategies with a great capability of
providing more advanced cloud solutions.

 Cloud Computing Architecture:

The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts i.e.

 Frontend
 Backend
 The below figure represents an internal architectural view of cloud computing.


 Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both SOA (Service
Oriented Architecture) and EDA (Event Driven Architecture). Client
infrastructure, application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure,
 management and security all these are the components of cloud computing
architecture.
 1. Frontend :

Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side of cloud computing
system. Means it contains all the user interfaces and applications which are used
by the client to access the cloud computing services/resources. For example, use
of a web browser to access the cloud platform.

 Client Infrastructure – Client Infrastructure is a part of the frontend

component. It contains the applications and user interfaces which are required to
access the cloud platform.
 In other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to interact with the
cloud.

 Backend :

Backend refers to the cloud itself which is used by the service provider. It contains the
resources as well as manages the resources and provides security mechanisms. Along with
this, it includes huge storage, virtual applications, virtual machines, traffic control
mechanisms, deployment models, etc.

 Application –
Application in backend refers to a software or platform to which client accesses.
Means it provides the service in backend as per the client requirement.

 Service –
Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services
like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also manages which type of service the user accesses.

 Runtime Cloud-
Runtime cloud in backend provides the execution and Runtime
platform/environment to the Virtual machine.

 Storage –
Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable storage service and
management of stored data.

 Infrastructure –
Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the hardware and software components
of cloud like it includes servers, storage, network devices, virtualization
software etc.

 Management –
Management in backend refers to management of backend components like
application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security
mechanisms etc.
  Security –
Security in backend refers to implementation of different security mechanisms in
the backend for secure cloud resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to end-
users.
 Internet –
Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and
backend and establishes the interaction and communication between frontend
and backend.
 Database– Database in backend refers to provide database for storing structured
data, such as SQL and NOSQL databases. Example of Databases services
include Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure SQL database and Google CLoud SQL.
 Networking– Networking in backend services that provide networking
infrastructure for application in the cloud, such as load balancing, DNS and
virtual private networks.
 Analytics– Analytics in backend service that provides analytics capabillities for
data in the cloud, such as warehousing, bussness intellegence and machine
learning.
 Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture :
 Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.
 Improves data processing requirements.
 Helps in providing high security.
 Makes it more modularized.
 Results in better disaster recovery.
 Gives good user accessibility.
 Reduces IT operating costs.
 Provides high level reliability.
 Scalability.

Cloud Services Market

by Component (Solution, Services)
by Type (Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
Software as a Service (SaaS), Others)
by Deployment Model (Private Cloud, Public Cloud, Hybrid)
by Enterprise Size (Large Enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises)
by Application (Asset Management, Customer Relationship Management
(CRM), Enterprise Resource Management (ERP), Supply Chain Management
(SCM), Project and Portfolio Management, Business Intelligence, Others)
by Industry Vertical ( IT and Telecom, Government, Media and Entertainment,
Healthcare, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas, Metals and Mining, Petrochemicals,
Energy and Utilities, Pulp and Paper, Agriculture, Others)
1. Public Cloud: Netflix's Scalability with AWS

Background: Netflix, a global streaming service, faced the challenge of handling massive
fluctuations in user demand during peak hours and new content releases.

Solution: Netflix adopted a public cloud deployment model using Amazon Web Services
(AWS). They leveraged AWS's infrastructure and auto-scaling capabilities to expand their
resources in response to high demand.

Outcome: This allowed Netflix to seamlessly scale their streaming infrastructure, ensuring
uninterrupted service for users worldwide. The pay-as-you-go pricing model also helped
optimize costs during periods of lower demand.

2. Private Cloud: NASA's Secure Data Management

Background: NASA manages highly sensitive scientific data and research projects that
require strict control over data access and security.

Solution: NASA established a private cloud deployment model to maintain complete control
over their data while leveraging cloud-like flexibility. They used OpenStack to build and
manage their private cloud infrastructure.

Outcome: By adopting a private cloud, NASA ensured compliance with regulatory

requirements and maintained a high level of data security. The private cloud environment
also facilitated collaboration among researchers while protecting proprietary information.

3. Hybrid Cloud: Zynga's Game Scaling

Background: Zynga, a mobile game developer, needed to handle variable user activity based
on game popularity and promotional events.

Solution: Zynga implemented a hybrid cloud strategy by combining their on-premises

infrastructure with a public cloud provider, such as Google Cloud Platform (GCP). During
peak game usage, they seamlessly extended their resources to GCP.

Outcome: The hybrid cloud approach allowed Zynga to maintain control over their core
infrastructure while leveraging the public cloud's elasticity for handling surges in player
activity. This enabled them to deliver a smooth gaming experience during high-demand
periods.

4. Community College's Education Services on Azure

Background: A community college wanted to modernize its IT infrastructure to enhance

online learning experiences for students and streamline administrative processes.
Solution: The college adopted a public cloud deployment model using Microsoft Azure.
They migrated their learning management system, student portals, and administrative
applications to the cloud.

Outcome: By utilizing Azure's platform services, the college improved the availability and
performance of their educational services. Students and staff could access resources from
anywhere, and the cloud-enabled features like automatic scaling helped manage varying
usage patterns.

5. Financial Institution's Regulatory Compliance on a Private Cloud

Background: A financial institution required a cloud solution that met stringent regulatory
compliance standards while maintaining control over sensitive customer financial data.

Solution: The institution deployed a private cloud using VMware's virtualization technology
within their data centers. This allowed them to build a secure and isolated environment for
their financial applications and data.

Outcome: By opting for a private cloud, the institution achieved compliance with financial
regulations and ensured data security. They retained the ability to customize their
infrastructure to meet specific banking requirements while protecting customer information.

These brief case studies highlight the diversity of cloud deployment models and how
organizations tailor their choices to address unique challenges and objectives.