CS Fallback (CSFB) : Radio Access Procedure

CS Fallback (CSFB)
Radio Access Procedure
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CS Fallback Solution Overview
 CSFB Mechanism
 CSFB Principle / Policy
 MOC / MTC Call Flow
 Other / Q&A
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Major Deployment Options of LTE Voice
IMS based LTE voice • Rich services experience

VoLTE Provide voice service based on • Less connection time than CS
(LTE for data & voice) LTE network, support inter-work • >3 times frequency efficiency
with 2G/3G
LTE voice solution
CS fallback • Fast supply basic voice service for

Reuse CS Attach LTE first, switch to CS LTE users
（LTE for data only） for voice • Longer connection time

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CSFB Mechanism
 Other / Q&A

CS Fallback Solution Overview
Terminal
• CSFB capable terminal
LI Billing Center OSS
Radio network HLR/HSS
• Optional upgrade of BSC/RNC Reused
according to CSFB mechanism

Core network GMSC VMSC
• Upgrade VMSC to support CSFB
MME S/P-GW
function. Or deploy CSFB proxy SGs
CS EPC/PS
• New SGs interface connect to MME
Provision
• Convergent HLR/HSS for 2G/3G/4G
CS fallback
user is recommended.
GERAN/UTRAN
LTE
• No change to LI and charging
Renewed

E2E User Experience Centric Deployment
• Better CCR on borders via MTRF Core Network • Real-time backup and recovery
Call Complete assure immediate MT recovery
• SGs interface overload control
100% CSFB / CSFB Proxy
Radio Access • Better user experience

with fast return to 4G
• Optimized E2E call flow LTE
CS fallback Fast return • Avoid unreachable time,
to reduce latency 5s(*) 500ms better CCR
GSM / UMTS
• HD voice for 2G/3G/4G

Multiple Terminals MOS
• HD voice based routing
4.0
• HD voice for VIP users
Samsung iPhone HTC Huawei
* 4G->PSTN call with fallback to 3G, source from Huawei lab

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CSFB Mechanism
 Other / Q&A

Various CSFB Mechanisms and Impacts
CSFB Impacts on Impacts on Impacts on CS

Mechanism UTRAN/GERAN terminal core Network
LTE CSFB to
R8 CCO with
2G(GERAN) Yes Yes No(1)
NACC
PS Handover Yes Yes No(1)
R8 redirection No Yes No(1)
R9 redirection with
Yes Yes No(1)
SIB
R8 redirection with
LTE CSFB to Yes Yes No(1)
DMCR
3G(UTRAN)
• Different mechanisms result in different call set-up delays and deployment
• 3GPP R8 redirection recommended for fast deployment without extra requirements on BSC/RNC
• 3GPP R9 redirection with SIB(2) and PSHO recommended considering less latency
Note: 1.the various mechanism s are transparent towards CS core
2.3GPP R9 redirection also known as Flash CSFB in Huawei RAN solution

Call Setup Time Reference (R8) Under CSFB standard deployment
2G calls 2G, no fallback 6.06 s
Reusing 2.79
4G calls 2G, fallback to 2G 8.85 s
2G
4G calls 4G, fallback to 2G 5.58 11.64 s
Reusing 1.02
3G
Note:
The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network
conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any commitment. Source from Huawei lab under conditions: 3GPP Rel8 redirection, etc.

Call Setup Time Reference (R9) Under CSFB standard deployment
Reusing 0.79
2G
Reusing 0.64
3G
Note:
The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network
conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any commitment.
Source from Huawei labunder conditions: 3GPP Rel9 redirection, etc.

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CSFB Mechanism
 Other / Q&A

CSFB Principle

CSFB
Policy
Selection

Target Selection
• Blind
Redirection

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CSFB Mechanism
 Other / Q&A

Basic Call Procedure
MME 1 MME
MSC MSC
SGs SGs
CS EPC CS EPC
3 1 4
2
2G/3G LTE 2G/3G LTE
2 3
MO Procedures MT Procedures
• UE receive fallback indication after CS service request • MSS send paging over SGs after receiving incoming call
• UE fallback to 2G/3G • MME trigger fallback indication
• UE initiate CS service request as normal CS procedure • UE fallback to 2G/3G
• UE send paging response to MSC as normal CS procedure

MOC
• 1. The UE sends the MME an NAS message Extended
Service Request to initiate a CS service.
• 2. The MME sends an S1-AP message to instruct the

eNodeB to initiate a CSFB procedure.
• 3. The eNodeB determines whether to perform a blind

redirection based on the UE capabilities, parameters
settings, and algorithm policies.
• 4. The eNodeB sends an RRC Connection Release

message to instruct the UE to perform a redirection. The
message contains information about a target UTRAN
frequency. Then, the eNodeB initiates an S1-based UE
context release procedure.
• 5. The UE may initiate an LAU, a combined RAU/LAU, or

both an RAU and an LAU in the target cell.
• 6. The UE initiates a CS call establishment procedure in

the target UTRAN cell.

MTC
1. The MSC sends a Paging Request message from the
CS domain to the MME over the SGs interface. Then,
either of the following occurs:
– If the UE is in idle mode, the MME sends a Paging
message to the eNodeB. Then the eNodeB sends a
Paging message over the Uu interface to inform the UE
of an incoming call from the CS domain.
– If the UE is in active mode, the MME sends the UE
an NAS message to inform the UE of an incoming call
from the CS domain.
2. The UE sends an Extended Service Request

message containing a CS Fallback Indicator after
receiving the paging message from the CS domain.
3. The MME instructs the eNodeB over the S1 interface

to perform CSFB.
4. The subsequent steps are similar to steps 3 through 6

in the procedure for CSFB to UTRAN for mobile-
originated calls. The only difference is that the UE sends
a Paging Response message in the UTRAN cell.

Call Setup Time Break Up
* Data from External Source

Satisfied Performance From an European Live Network
3GPP R8 redirection based with fallback to 3G

Content
 Why CS Fallback
 CSFB Mechanism
 Other / Q&A

CSFB Success Rate Improvement
[CSFB Flow First Switch]
MO GlobalProcSwitch
Parameter ID HoProcCtrlSwitch
Parameter Name Handover Process Control Switch
Meaning CsfbFlowFirstSwitch: This option specifies the policy for handling the conflicts between handover and
CSFB procedures. If this option is selected and the handover and CSFB procedures conflict, the
eNodeB processes the CSFB procedure first. If this option is deselected in the preceding scenario, the
eNodeB processes the handover procedure first.
Recommended Value CsfbFlowFirstSwitch:On
Impact on Radio Network CsfbFlowFirstSwitch: If this option is selected and the eNodeB receives a CSFB request in the event of
Performance a handover, the eNodeB cancels the handover procedure and processes the CSFB procedure first. In
this case, the UE cannot be handed over in time, increasing the service drop rate and decreasing the
handover success rate. However, when the MME cannot handle conflicts between handover and CSFB
procedures, selecting this option can increase the CSFB success rate. If this option is deselected in the
preceding scenario, the eNodeB processes the handover procedure first. When the MME cannot
handle conflicts between handover and CSFB procedures, deselecting this option can decrease the
CSFB success rate.

CSFB Success Rate Improvement
[CSFB Flow First Switch]
Day Average Busy Hour
• CSFB Success Rate has been improved from
99.96% to 99.97% in DA Level, & in Busy hour
it has been improved from 99.95% to 99.97%
• CSFB Conflict failures has been reduced to
nearly ~ 46% to an average value of 99 from
186 in DA, and in busy Hour they have been
reduced by ~ 34%
Day Av erage Busy Hour

KPIs Pre Post %age Delta Pre Post %age Delta
L.CSFB.PrepFail.Conflict 186.27 99.11 46.79% 12.55 8.22 34.46%
CSFB Success Rate 99.96 99.97 0.02% 99.95 99.97 0.01%
DL Traffic Volume(GB) 38540.43 39624.42 2.81% 2307.43 2271.20 -1.57%
User DL Av erage Throughput(Mbps) 11.42 11.52 0.80% 8.35 8.58 2.85%
Cell DL Av erage Throughput (mbps) HQ 19.17 19.45 1.45% 17.47 17.67 1.17%
DL PRB Usage Rate(%)(%) 22.50 22.94 1.95% 35.40 34.81 -1.69%
Call Setup Success Rate(%)(%) 99.85 99.90 0.06% 99.87 99.87 -0.01%
E-RAB Drop Rate (%) 0.10 0.09 -4.98% 0.11 0.11 -0.47%
Intra_Freq HO Success Rate 99.96 99.96 0.00% 99.96 99.96 0.00%

Fast Return to LTE at the end of CSFB call
Without fast return
PS PS Ready LTE
CSFB cell
CS call GSM/UMTS
Release call with CSFB indication reselection
LTE 8s after UE idle with unreachable time

With fast return
PS PS Ready LTE
Direct access CSFB CS call GSM/UMTS
frequency info.
G/U
500ms after CS call

Description
• At the end of a CSFB call in GSM/UMTS network, the frequency information of LTE cell is sent in RRC Connection Release message
in order to instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell instead of cell re-selection to LTE.
Benefit
• This feature accelerate the camping back to LTE after voice call release and reduce unreachable time of LTE user

SGs Associated Location Update
Convergent MSS1 MSS2
HSS General routingin MME
• TA1 -> LAI1 -> MSS1
• TA2 -> LAI1 -> MSS1
• TA3 -> LAI2 -> MSS2
Insert user data
Routing towards MSC pool
Location update • IMSI Hash -> MSS x
2
MME
MME
MSC
SGs TA1 TA2 TA3

CS EPC
LAI1 LAI2
1 TAU Request
LTE
• MME find CSFB VMSC number according to TA-LAI-MSC mapping
• After successful SGs location update, VMSC get ready for later CSFB procedure
CSFB capable • For MSC Pool, MME find VMSC based on IMSI hash table/TMSI in MME
LTE terminal

Q&A
Thank You 

CS Fallback (CSFB) : Radio Access Procedure

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CS Fallback (CSFB)

Radio Access Procedure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 CS Fallback Solution Overview

 CSFB Principle / Policy

 MOC / MTC Call Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

IMS based LTE voice • Rich services experience

LTE voice solution

CS fallback • Fast supply basic voice service for

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

 CS Fallback Solution Overview

 CSFB Principle / Policy

 MOC / MTC Call Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

according to CSFB mechanism

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

Radio Access • Better user experience

• HD voice for 2G/3G/4G

Samsung iPhone HTC Huawei

* 4G->PSTN call with fallback to 3G, source from Huawei lab

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

 CS Fallback Solution Overview

 CSFB Principle / Policy

 MOC / MTC Call Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

CSFB Impacts on Impacts on Impacts on CS

PS Handover Yes Yes No(1)

R8 redirection No Yes No(1)

Note: 1.the various mechanism s are transparent towards CS core

2.3GPP R9 redirection also known as Flash CSFB in Huawei RAN solution

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

2G calls 2G, no fallback 6.06 s

3G calls 3G, no fallback 4.85 s

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

2G calls 2G, no fallback 6.06 s

3G calls 3G, no fallback 4.85 s

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

 CS Fallback Solution Overview

 CSFB Principle / Policy

 MOC / MTC Call Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

 CS Fallback Solution Overview

 CSFB Principle / Policy

 MOC / MTC Call Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

2G/3G LTE 2G/3G LTE

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

• 2. The MME sends an S1-AP message to instruct the

• 3. The eNodeB determines whether to perform a blind

• 4. The eNodeB sends an RRC Connection Release

• 5. The UE may initiate an LAU, a combined RAU/LAU, or

• 6. The UE initiates a CS call establishment procedure in

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

2. The UE sends an Extended Service Request

3. The MME instructs the eNodeB over the S1 interface

4. The subsequent steps are similar to steps 3 through 6

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

* Data from External Source

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19