Select with JOINS

SELECT WITH JOINS:

1. This statement is used to fetch the data simultaneously from multiple

tables.
2. That means the multiple tables must be joined using one or two fields.
3. There should be at least one common field between tables.
4. There are two types of joins.

INNER JOIN:

1. In this join only the matching records between the tables will be fetched.
2. The unmatched records are not selected.

OUTER JOIN:

1. In this join all the records from the first table or left table will be selected
first.
2. If there are any matching records from second, third tables, then the data
will be displayed.
3. Suppose if there are no matching records, the data will be displayed as
blank from second and third tables.

SYNTAX:
Select T1~F1

T1~F2
T2~F1

T2~F2

T3~F1

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 T3~F2

INTO TABLE <ITAB> FROM T1 AS <Alias name>

<Inner Join/outer Join> T2 as <Alias name> on T1~F1 =T2~F1

<Inner Join/outer Join> T3 as <Aliasname> on T2~F1 = T3~F1

where <condition>.

ZCUST_DATA ZCUST_BANKDATA

CNO CNAME CITY CNO BANKID BANKNAME

1001 AAA HYD 1001 CITY01 CITYBANK
1002 BBB BLORE 1001 SBI01 SBI
1003 CCC CHENNAI 1001 SBH01 SBH
1003 ICICI01 ICICI
1003 HDFC01 HDFC

Joined on ZCUST_DATA~CNO

ZCUST_BANKDATA~CNO

INNER JOIN OUTPUT OUTERJOIN OUTPUT

CNO CNAME BANKID BANKNAME CNO CNAME BANKID BANKNAME

1001 AAA CITY01 CITYBANK 1001 AAA CITY01 CITYBANK
1001 AAA SBI01 SBI 1001 AAA SBI01 SBI
1001 AAA SBH01 SBH 1001 AAA SBH01 SBH
1003 CCC ICICI01 ICICI 1002 BBB - -
1003 CCC HDFC01 HDFC 1003 CCC ICICI01 ICICI
1003 CCC HDFC01 HDFC

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 Ex on JOINS with 2 Tables

 TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_mara_makt,

matnr TYPE mara-matnr,
mtart TYPE mara-mtart,
mbrsh TYPE mara-mbrsh,
meins TYPE mara-meins,
spras TYPE makt-spras,
maktx TYPE makt-maktx,
END OF ty_mara_makt.

DATA : i_mara_makt TYPE TABLE OF ty_mara_makt .

DATA : wa_mara_makt TYPE ty_mara_makt .

SELECT mara~matnr
mara~mtart
mara~mbrsh
mara~meins
makt~spras
makt~maktx
INTO TABLE i_mara_makt
FROM mara AS mara INNER JOIN makt AS makt

 ON mara~matnr = makt~matnr
WHERE mara~mtart = 'FERT'
AND makt~spras = 'EN' .

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
LOOP AT i_mara_makt INTO wa_mara_makt.
WRITE : / wa_mara_makt-matnr ,
wa_mara_makt-mtart COLOR 6,
wa_mara_makt-mbrsh ,
wa_mara_makt-meins ,
wa_mara_makt-spras COLOR 1,
wa_mara_makt-maktx COLOR 1 .
ENDLOOP.

 The output is :

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 Ex on JOINS with 3 Tables

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
 The output is :

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Select……For All Entries:

1. This statement is used to replace select with joins.

2. Because JOINS statement cannot be used for more than three
tables.
3. If we use more than three tables it puts heavy load on the
Database, because the data has to be selected by comparing
each table in the database server.
4. So it takes the long time for execution.
5. In such cases we go for SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES.
6. This statement will never put load on the database. Because
only two tables (Internal table and database tables) are
compared.

SYNTAX:

Select F1 F2 F3…..

From <DB. Table1>

Into table <ITAB1> Where <conditions>.

If ITAB1[] is not initial.

Select F1 F2 F3…..

From <DB.Table2>

Into table <ITAB2>

For all entries in <ITAB1>

Where F1 = <ITAB1-F1> AND F2 = <ITAB1-F2>.

Endif.

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 7. The prerequisite for the above statement is, the first ITAB should
be checked whether it has any data.
8. Suppose if it has data, then for all entries statement will execute
based on the condition and only matching records will be
selected.
9. Suppose if first ITAB is empty then for all entries statement will
fail and all the records will be selected, irrespective of condition.

Finally the first ITAB should be checked for any records using below
statement.

If ITAB1[] is not initial.

Select …….…..
………...
For all entries in
………………….
……………………
Endif.

Ex on Select……For All Entries

Develop a material master report to display material details along

with description details

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ABAP @ ARJUN, Igrow Soft
Save->Act->Test.

Second way: As per performance, this is a good stmtB’coz we are using

Binary Search.

Save->Act->Test.

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Third Way: In Real Time, we always move the data into Final Int.Table

Save->Act->Test.

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 SELECTION SCREEN:
An input screen to a program or report is called selection screen.
We can design the selection screen using the following statements.

PARAMETERS:

SYNTAX:

1. Parameters : <pname> type <table-fname>.

2. Parameters : <pname> type <table-fname> obligatory.
3. Parameters : <pname> as checkbox.
4. Parameters : <pname1> radiobuttongroup <group name>,
<pname2> radiobuttongroup <group name>

default ‘X’,

<pname3> radiobuttongroup <group name>.

5. Parametrs : <pname>(length) type <Data type>.

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Note: Whenever a checkbox or radio button is selected on the
selection screen, the character ‘X’ will be stored internally in the
parameter variable.

SELECT-OPTIONS:

This statement is used to create two input fields so that the user
can enter a range of values.

In addition to that he can also enter

i. Multiple single values (1, 7, 13, 98,257…….)

ii. Multiple ranges (1-10, 27-30…….)
iii. Exclude single values (3, 10, 15……)
iv. Exclude ranges (11-15, 95-99….. )

All these options are available when you click on multiple selection or

extension box multiple selection.

Syntax:

Select-options <so_name> for <table-fname>.

Select-options <so_name> for <table-fname> No Intervals.

Select-options <so_name> for <table-fname> No-Extension.

Select-options <so_name> for <table-fname> No Intervals

No- Extension.

NOTE:
Whenever we use select-options we should use ‘IN’ instead of

‘=’ or ‘EQ’ in the where condition of a select statement.

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SELECT-OPTIONS INTERNAL TABLE:

Whenever we declare select-options, by default an internal table will

be created with four fields, using old syntax i.e. occurs 0 with
headerline.
The 4 fields are:

SIGN: Stores sign of numbers entered on selection-screen.

The signs are:

I - including (only specified values will be selected).

E- Excluding ( only specified value will be excluded).

By default I is stored.

OPTION: Stores relational operator between the numbers.

i. The operators are: BT, NB, EQ, NE, LT, LE, GT, and GE.
ii. By default BT is stored..
LOW: Stores lower value from the range entered on selection screen.

HIGH: Stores higher value from the range entered on selection screen.

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SELECTION SCREEN MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS:

Ex on selection-screen commands:
 Selection-screen begin of block b1 with frame title text-001.

 Select-options: s_kunnr for kna1-kunnr.

 Selection-screen uline.

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 Parameters: p_land1 type kna1-land1.

 Selection-screen skip.
 Parameters: p_matnr type mara-matnr.

 Selection-screen end of block b1.



 Selection-screen begin of block b2 with frame title text-002.

 Selection-screen begin of line.

 Selection-screen comment 2(15) text-003.

 Parameters: p_lifnr type lfa1-lifnr.

 Selection-screen comment 30(10) text-004.

 Parameters: p_land2 type lfa1-land1.

 Selection-screen end of line.

 Selection-screen end of block b2.

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 Modularization
It is a technique of dividing a main program into smaller programs or
modules for better reusability and readability.

In real time, every program must be divided into modules.

In Abap, Modularization is implemented using following techniques.

1.Include Programs

2.Function Modules
3.Subroutines

4.Classes
5.Macros These are

Include Programs:

These are sub programs which are used for reusability purpose.
These programs cannot be executed independently.

Theses must be inserted in Main programs for execution.

This program does not contain any parameter interface i.e.

No importing, Exporting Parameters.

Syntax :

INCLUDE <Prog Name>

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 Tables kna1
Ex on INCLUDE program :
Data: i_mara type table of mara
Include z_modularization_top.
Data: wa_mara type mara.

Selection-screen begin of block b1 with frame title text-001.

Select-options: s_kunnr for kna1-kunnr.

Parameters: p_land1 type kna1-land1.

Selection-screen end of block b1. Select * from mara Into table i_mara

Where kunnr in s_kunnr and

Include zmodularization_getdata.
land1 = p_land1

Loop at I_KNA1 INTO WA_KNA1 .

Include zmodularization_dispdata.
WRITE : /

ENDLOOP .

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