“Año de la consolidación del Mar de Grau”

CENTRO DE IDIOMAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CESAR VALLEJO – CHIMBOTE

MONOGRAPH
Famous International Artists

AUTHORS
Cuestas De La Cruz Isac Jhefferson
Gutierrez Yrayta Harold Rai

PROFESOR
Jairo Jaime Turriate Chávez

COURSE
English 03

NUEVO CHIMBOTE – PERU

2016
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this work to God for providing health and intelligence, being source of life
and you need us to move forward day by day and achieve our goals, in addition to its
infinite goodness and love.
Our parents by the examples of perseverance and constancy that characterize them and
that we have always unfounded, and for showing your support throughout the course.
In our master Jairo Turriate Chávez for his great support and encouragement for the
completion of our monograph, for their support offered in this work, for having passed on
the knowledge gained and have led us step by step in learning.
 GRATITUDE

We thank God and our parents for their support every day and the efforts made to pay
for our studies.
We would also like to thank the advice received over recent days by other teachers of
the Language Center at the University Cesar Vallejo, who in one way or another have
contributed their bit to our training.
We thank our teacher of course, Jairo Turriate Chávez, for his efforts and dedication,
their knowledge, their guidance, their way to work, persistence, patience and motivation
have been instrumental in our formation over 03 English course.
 FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS
INDEX

CHAPTEAR I: GENERALITIES
1. WHAT IS THE ART?

2. ETYMOLOGY

3. WHAT IS AN ARTIST?

CHAPTEAR II: TIPES OF ARTS

1. DEFINITION

2. LIST OF ARTS
2.1. THE ARCHITECTURE
2.2. DANCE
2.3. THE SCULPTURE
2.4. MUSIC
2.5. THE PAINTING
2.6. POETRY AND LITERATURE
2.7. FILMMAKING
2.8. THE PHOTOGRAPH

CHEAPTER III: EXAMPLES OF ARTISTS

1. ZAHA HADID
2. MAYA PLISETSKAYA
3. PABLO RUIZ Y PICASSO
4. LUDWIG BEETHOVEN
5. MICHEL ÁNGELO
6. GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ
7. WILL SMITH
8. STEVE WINTER
 INTRODUCTION

An artist is a person exercising Arts and Artistic Works products. The definition of the
term, so the therefore be associated one what is meant by art.
Latin ars, art is the expression of feelings, emotions and ideas of a through plastic,
linguistic or sound resources. The concept allows encompass creations performing the
Human Being to express their sensible view about the real world or imaginary.
The notion of art has changed throughout history and, with wave, the meaning of the
artist. Prehistoric men who painted the caves of Altamira, for example, child today
considered artists. Medieval craftsmen, engravers of the Renaissance and the Greek
architects also son of artists, like painters, sculptors, musicians, writers and artists
Current.
Among the many types of artists that exist we would have to emphasize the poets,
novelists, playwrights, painters, sculptors, musicians, singers.
Very large is the list of classes of Artists exist and is also very extensive the characters
whose qualities in any of ESOs arts have managed to become true landmarks of World
History. Among the most significant find itself follows.
 FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS

CHAPTER I
GENERALITIES

1. WHAT IS THE ART?

In general terms it is called art or product activity in which human beings express
ideas, emotions or, in general , a worldview , through various resources; such as
plastics, linguistic , sound or mixed. It is considered that with the emergence of
Homo sapiens art was originally a ritual, magical - religious function, but this
function changed over time.
2. ETYMOLOGY

The term art comes from the Latin ars, and is equivalent to (" technical ") or Greek
term techne techne.1
Originally it applied to all production by man and to the disciplines of expertise.
Thus, an artist, was both: the cook, the gardener or builder, as the painter or the
poet.2

3. WHAT IS AN ARTIST?

The artist is the person who performs the works of art. The term artist is based
on the occasional meaning of art.3

With corresponding variants of art, an artist is one who plays the artistic work that
depend on the aesthetic ideas of each era. An artist is anyone who performs the
creation of art in all its classifications. This subject an especially sensitive to the
world around him is supposed available. He has developed his own view
perspective as well as their creativity, good technique and communication
towards the viewer through their works.

Sir Peter Blake's

new artwork where
he selects the
British cultural icons
of his life to mark
his 80th birthday
celebrations at
Vintage Festival

1. Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Art". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23th edition). Madrid: Espasa.
2. Psychology of artistic creation (p. 23). Buenos Aires Omar Argerami: Columbia, 1968
3. RAE. "RAE-definition." Accessed July 6, 2014.
 CHEAPTER II

TYPES OF ART

1. DEFINITION

Charles Batteux , in his 1746 Les Beaux -Arts Reduits, coined the term "fine arts
" which originally applied to dance , floriculture , sculpture , music , painting and
poetry , adding later architecture and eloquence.

Subsequently, the list would suffer changes according to different authors that
would add or would remove arts to this list. Ricciotto Canudo, the first film theorist,
was the first to qualify the film as the seventh art in 191.

2. LIST OF ARTS

Currently it is generally considered the following list:

A. The first is the architecture

B. The second is the dance
C. The third is the sculpture
D. The fourth is the music
E. The fifth is painting
F. The sixth is poetry and literature
G. The seventh is the cinematography.
H. The eighth is photography
2.1. The architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of projecting, design, build and modify
the human habitat, including buildings of all kinds, architectural and urban
structures and architectural spaces.

The term "architecture" comes from the Greek ἀρχ- (arch- root word 'boss' or
'authority'), and τέκτων (tekton 'carpenter'). Thus, for the ancient Greeks, the
architect was the head or director of construction and architecture technique
or art who performed the project and directed the construction of buildings
and structures, since the word τεχνή (techne) means' creation, invention or
art. "From it came the words "technical" and also "Tectonic" ('constructive').4

The Villa Savoye is a

building located in Poissy,
outside Paris, which was
built in 1929 and designed
by Le Corbusier, one of the
most influential architects of
the twentieth century.

2.2. Dance

Dance or dance is an art where the body movement is usually used music as
a form of expression, social interaction, for entertainment, artistic or religious.
It is the movement in space is done with a part or the whole body of the
performer, with a beat or rhythm as an expression of individual feelings, or
symbols of culture and society. In this sense, dance is also a form of
communication, as the non-verbal language is used between humans, where
the dancer or dancer expresses feelings and emotions through their
movements and gestures. It is done mostly with music, whether a song, piece
of music or sounds.5

Inside there dance choreography, which is the art of creating dances. The
person who creates choreography, is known as a choreographer. The dance
can dance to a varied number of dancers, ranging from solo, in pairs or
groups, but the number usually depends on the dance to be run and its target,
and in some cases more structured, the idea of the choreographer.

Maya Plisetskaya in
Swan Lake
4. Association of Spanish Language Academies (2001). "Architecture" in Spanish Royal Academy: Dictionary of the
Spanish language, twenty-second edition, Madrid: Espasa Calpe. Pg. 12
5. Cohen, S. J. - Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present. Princeton Book
Co. 1992. Pg. 10
2.3. The sculpture

Sculpture is called Latin "SCULPTURA" the art of modeling clay, stone

carving, wood or other materials. Sculpture is also called the work made by a
sculptor.6

It is one of the Fine Arts in which Sculptor is expressed creating volumes and
conforming spaces. In all arts sculpture carving and chisel, along with casting
and molding are included. Inside the sculpture, using different combinations
of materials and media has created a new artistic repertoire, which includes
processes such as constructivism and assemblage. In a generic sense, the
term plastic sculpture artwork by sculptor.

Since ancient times man has had the need to sculpt. At first it was with the
simplest materials and had at hand: stone, clay and wood. Then he used iron,
bronze, gold, lead, wax, plaster, clay, and plastic polyester resin reinforced
with fiberglass, concrete, kinetic and reflection of light, among others. The
sculpture was in principle a single function, immediate use; subsequently
ritual, magic, funeral and religious function was added. This functionality was
changing with the historical evolution, acquiring a primarily aesthetic or simply
ornamental and became a lasting or ephemeral element.

Mercy Vatican

By Miguel Angel

2.4. Music

Music (Greek: μουσική [τέχνη] - mousike [Techne], "the art of the Muses") is,
according to the traditional definition of the term, the art of organizing sensible
and logically a coherent combination of sounds and silences using the
principles fundamentals of melody, harmony and rhythm, through the
intervention of complex psycho-psychic processes. The concept of music has
evolved from its origins in ancient Greece, which met without distinction to
poetry, music and dance as art unit. For decades it has become more
complex definition of what is and what is not music, as featured composers,
within the framework of various artistic experiences frontier have made works
that although could be considered music, expanding the limits the definition
of this art.7
6. Alcolea i Gil, Santiago (1988). Universal History of Art. Spain and Portugal Volum VI. Barcelona, Editorial Planeta. Pg. 8
7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Dictionary of Music (Madrid: Akal, 2007), 281-288. Pg. 11

Music, like all artistic expression, is a cultural product. The purpose of this art
is to provoke an aesthetic experience in the listener, and express feelings,
emotions, circumstances, thoughts or ideas. Music is a stimulus that affects
the perceptual field of the individual; so the flow of sound can fulfill varied
functions (entertainment, communication, environment, fun, etc.)

Beethoven playing for

Prince Luis Fernando.

2.5. The painting

Painting is the art of graphic representation using mixed with other organic
binders or synthetic pigments. In this art painting techniques, knowledge of
color theory and pictorial composition, and drawing are used. Practice the art
of painting is to apply, on a given surface a sheet of paper, a canvas, a wall,
a wood, a piece of tissue, etc. a particular technique, to obtain a composition
of shapes, colors, textures, patterns, etc. resulting in a work of art by some
aesthetic principles.8

The painting is one of the oldest artistic expressions and one of the seven
Fine Arts. In aesthetics or art theory, painting is considered a universal
category that includes all artistic creations made on surfaces. A category
applicable to any technique or type of hardware or materials, including
brackets or mayflies and media techniques or digital techniques.
 The work of the sixteenth
century Leonardo da Vinci
known as "La Mona Lisa" is
probably the most popular
piece of art in the world.

8. Aymar, Gordon C (1967). The Art of Portrait Painting (in English). Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co. pg. 15
2.6. Poetry and Literature

Poetry (Greek ποίησις 'action, creation, adoption, manufacture, composition,

poetry, poem' <ποιέω 'make, manufacture, bring forth, give birth, get, cause,
create') is a literary genre regarded as a manifestation of beauty or aesthetic
feeling through the word, in verse or prose. The Greeks understood that there
could be three types of poetry, lyric or song sung to the accompaniment of
lyre or harp hand, which is the meaning which was later expanded to the
word, even without music; dramatic or theatrical and epic or narrative. So
often today is usually understood as poetry lyric poetry.9

Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work; although some

definitions include spoken or sung texts. In a narrower, traditional sense, it is
the writing that has literary merit and that privileges literariness, as opposed
to ordinary language. The term also refers to the whole literature of literary
productions of a nation, of an age or even a genre (Greek literature, the
eighteenth-century literature, fantasy literature, etc.) and the group of works
that deal with art or science (medical literature, legal, etc.). In artistic terms,
the literature is the art of the word, either spoken or written word. It is studied
by literary theory.

2.7. Filmmaking

Abbreviation of cinematograph film or cinematography, is the technique of

projecting frames in rapid succession to create the impression of movement,
showing a video or film, or film, or film.

The word cinema also designates rooms or theaters in which films are
projected.

Etymologically, the word cinematography was a neologism created in the late

nineteenth century composed from two Greek words. On the one hand
(physio), which means "movement" among others, "kinetic", "kinesiology",
"film library" CINERGIA); (Graph). This is trying to define the concept of
"moving picture ".
9. Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Poetry". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23rd edition). Madrid: Espasa.
 2.8. The photograph

Photography is the process of capturing images and store them in a medium

of light sensitive material on the principle of the pinhole camera, with which it
is achieved to project an image captured by a small hole on a surface, such
image the image size is reduced and increased sharpness.
To store this image, cameras used until some years ago exclusively sensible
film, whereas at present almost always employ CCD and CMOS sensors and
digital memories; It is the new digital photography.10

The term photography, from the Greek phos " light " and grafis "design" ,
"write" which together means " design / writing with light " .

Is difficult to establish the paternity of the word, and even determine exactly
who has been the inventor of the technique itself, since it had a long
preparatory phase. But we can say that much of its development must
Joseph- Nicephore Niepce to, and that the discovery was made public by
Louis- Jacques- Mande Daguerre, also known as Louis Daguerre, after
perfecting the technique.

1968. The South Vietnamese police Chief Nguyen Ngoc Loan shoots a young man
suspected of being a Viet Kong soldier.

Author of Photography: Eddie Adams, USA, the Associated Press.

10. Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Photograph". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23rd edition). Madrid: Espasa.
 CHEAPTER III

EXAMPLES OF ARTISTS

1. The first is the architecture

Zaha Hadid

Was born on 31 October 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq, to an upper-class Iraqi family.

Her father, Muhammad al-Hajj Husayn Hadid, was a wealthy industrialist from
Mosul, Iraq. He co-founded the left-liberal al-Ahali group in Iraq in 1932, which
was a significant political organization in the 1930s and 1940s.He was the co-
founder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq.Her mother, Wajiha al-Sabunji,
was an artist from Mosul.In the 1960s Hadid attended boarding schools in
England and Switzerland.

Hadid studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut before moving,

in 1972, to London to study at the Architectural Association School of
Architecture. There she met Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis and Bernard
Tschumi. She worked for her former professors, Koolhaas and Zenghelis, at the
Office for Metropolitan Architecture, in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, becoming a
partner in 1977.Through her association with Koolhaas, she met Peter Rice, the
engineer who gave her support and encouragement early on at a time when her
work seemed difficult.
2. The second is the dance

Maya Plisetskaya

Plisetskaya was born on 20 November 1925, in Moscow, into a prominent family

of Lithuanian Jewish descent, most of whom were involved in the theater or film.
Her mother, Rachel Messerer-Plisetskaya, was a silent-film actress. Dancer Asaf
Messerer was a maternal uncle and Bolshoi ballerina Sulamith Messerer was a
maternal aunt. Her father, Mikhail Plisetski (Misha), was a diplomat, engineer and
mine director, and not involved in the arts, although he was a fan of ballet. Her
brother Alexander Plisetski became a famous choreographer, and her niece
Anna Plisetskaya would also become a ballerina.

In 1938, her father was arrested and later executed during the Stalinist purges,
during which tens of thousands of people were murdered. According to ballet
scholar Jennifer Homans, her father was a committed Communist, and had
earlier been "proclaimed a national hero for his work on behalf of the Soviet coal
industry." Soviet leader Vyacheslav Molotov presented him with one of the Soviet
Union's first manufactured cars. Her mother was arrested soon after and sent to
a labor camp (Gulag) in Kazakhstan for the next three years. Maya and her
seven-month-old baby brother were taken in by their maternal aunt, ballerina
Sulamith Messerer, until their mother was released in 1941.

During the years without her parents, and barely a teenager, Plisetskaya "faced
terror, war, and dislocation," writes Homans. As a result, “Maya took refuge in
ballet and the Bolshoi Theater.” As her father was stationed at Spitzbergen to
supervise the coalmines in Barentsburg she stayed there for four years with her
family, from 1932 to 1936.She next studied under the great ballerina of imperial
school, Elizaveta Gerdt. She first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre when she was
eleven. In 1943, at the age of eighteen, Plisetskaya graduated from the
choreographic school. She joined the Bolshoi Ballet, where she performed until
1990.
3. The third is the sculpture

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso

Also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker,

ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life
in France. Regarded as one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th
century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of
constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of
styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are
the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a
portrayal of the Bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian air forces at the
behest of the Spanish nationalist government during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists
who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the
opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in
painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics.

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a

naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first
decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different
theories, techniques, and ideas.
4. The fourth is the music

Ludwig Beethoven

Beethoven was the grandson of Ludwig van Beethoven (1712–73), a musician

from the town of Mechelen in the Duchy of Brabant in the Flemish region of what
is now Belgium, who at the age of twenty moved to Bonn. Ludwig (he adopted
the German cognate of the Dutch Lodewijk) was employed as a bass singer at
the court of the Elector of Cologne, eventually rising to become, in 1761,
Kapellmeister (music director) and thereafter the pre-eminent musician in Bonn.
The portrait he commissioned of himself towards the end of his life remained
proudly displayed in his grandson's rooms as a talisman of his musical heritage.
Ludwig had one son, Johann (1740–1792), who worked as a tenor in the same
musical establishment and gave keyboard and violin lessons to supplement his
income. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich (de) in 1767; she was the
daughter of Johann Heinrich Keverich (1701–1751), who had been the head chef
at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier.

Beethoven was born of this marriage in Bonn. There is no authentic record of the
date of his birth; however, the registry of his baptism, in a Catholic service at the
Parish of St. Regius on 17 December 1770, survives. As children of that era were
traditionally baptized the day after birth in the Catholic Rhine country, and it is
known that Beethoven's family and his teacher Johann Albrechtsberger
celebrated his birthday on 16 December, most scholars accept 16 December
1770 as Beethoven's date of birth. Of the seven children born to Johann van
Beethoven, only Ludwig, the second-born, and two younger brothers survived
infancy. Caspar Anton Carl was born on 8 April 1774, and Nikolaus Johann, the
youngest, was born on 2 October 1776.

Beethoven's first music teacher was his father. He later had other local teachers:
the court organist Gilles van den Eeden (d. 1782), Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer (a
family friend, who provided keyboard tuition), and Franz Rovantini (a relative, who
instructed him in playing the violin and viola). From the outset his tuition regime,
which began in his fifth year, was harsh and intensive, often reducing him to tears;
with the involvement of the insomniac Pfeiffer there were irregular late-night
sessions with the young Beethoven being dragged from his bed to the keyboard.
Beethoven's musical talent was obvious at a young age. Johann, aware of
Leopold Mozart's successes in this area (with son Wolfgang and daughter
Nannerl), attempted to exploit his son as a child prodigy, claiming that Beethoven
was six (he was seven) on the posters for Beethoven's first public performance
in March 1778.

Sometime after 1779, Beethoven began his studies with his most important
teacher in Bonn, Christian Gottlob Neefe, who was appointed the Court's
Organist in that year. Neefe taught Beethoven composition, and by March 1783
had helped him write his first published composition: a set of keyboard variations.
Beethoven soon began working with Neefe as assistant organist, at first unpaid
(1781), and then as a paid employee (1784) of the court chapel conducted by the
Kapellmeister Andrea Luchesi. His first three piano sonatas, named "Kurfürst"
("Elector") for their dedication to the Elector Maximilian Friedrich (1708–1784),
were published in 1783. Maximilian Frederick noticed Beethoven's talent early,
and subsidized and encouraged the young man's musical studies.
A portrait of the 13-year-old Beethoven by an unknown Bonn master (c. 1783)
Maximilian Frederick's successor as the Elector of Bonn was Maximilian Franz,
the youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, and he brought notable
changes to Bonn. Echoing changes made in Vienna by his brother Joseph, he
introduced reforms based on Enlightenment philosophy, with increased support
for education and the arts. The teenage Beethoven was almost certainly
influenced by these changes. He may also have been influenced at this time by
ideas prominent in freemasonry, as Neefe and others around Beethoven were
members of the local chapter of the Order of the Illuminati.

In March 1787 Beethoven traveled to Vienna (possibly at another's expense) for

the first time, apparently in the hope of studying with Mozart. The details of their
relationship are uncertain, including whether they actually met. Having learned
that his mother was ill, Beethoven returned about two weeks after his arrival. His
mother died shortly thereafter, and his father lapsed deeper into alcoholism. As
a result, Beethoven became responsible for the care of his two younger brothers,
and spent the next five years in Bonn.

Beethoven was introduced in these years to several people who became

important in his life. Franz Wegeler, a young medical student, introduced him to
the von Breuning family (one of whose daughters Wegeler eventually married).
Beethoven often visited the von Breuning household, where he taught piano to
some of the children. Here he encountered German and classical literature. The
von Breuning family environment was less stressful than his own, which was
increasingly dominated by his father's decline. Beethoven also came to the
attention of Count Ferdinand von Waldstein, who became a lifelong friend and
financial supporter.

Music Greek: - mousike techne, "the art of the Muses " is, according to the
traditional definition of the term, the art of organizing sensible and logically a
coherent combination of sounds and silences using fundamental principles of
melody, harmony and pace, through the intervention of complex psycho - psychic
processes .The concept of music has evolved from its origins in ancient Greece,
which met without distinction to poetry, music and dance as art unit.
For decades it has become more complex definition of what is and what is not
music, as featured composers, within the framework of various artistic
experiences frontier have made works that although could be considered music,
expanding the limits the definition of this art.
5. The fifth is painting

Michelangelo

Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany

(known today as Caprese Michelangelo). For several generations, his family had
been small-scale bankers in Florence, but the bank failed, and his father,
Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in
Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his
father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local
administrator of Chiusi. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri Del Miniato
di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of
Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it.
Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where
he was raised. At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her
death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a nanny
and her husband, who was a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his
father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There Michelangelo gained his
love for marble, as Giorgio Vasari quotes him: "If there is some good in me, it is
because I was born in the subtle atmosphere of your country of Arezzo. Along
with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of handling chisel and hammer,
with which I make my figures."

Painting is the art of graphic representation using mixed with other organic
pigments or synthetic substances. In this art painting techniques and knowledge
of color theory are used.
6. The sixth is poetry and literature

Gabriel García Márquez

Gabriel García Márquez was born on 6 March 1927 in Aracataca, Colombia, to

Gabriel Eligio Garraised by his maternal grandparents, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán
and Colonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía. In December 1936, his fathecía and
Luisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán. Soon after García Márquez was born, his father
became a pharmacist and moved, with his wife, to Barranquilla, leaving young
Gabito in Aracataca. He was r took him and his brother to Sincé, while in March
1937, his grandfather died; the family then moved first (back) to Barranquilla and
then on to Sucre, where his father started up a pharmacy.

When his parents fell in love, their relationship met with resistance from Luisa
Santiaga Márquez's father, the Colonel. Gabriel Eligio García was not the man
the Colonel had envisioned winning the heart of his daughter: he (Gabriel Eligio)
was a Conservative, and had the reputation of being a womanizer. Gabriel Eligio
wooed Luisa with violin serenades, love poems, countless letters, and even
telephone messages after her father sent her away with the intention of
separating the young couple. Her parents tried everything to get rid of the man,
but he kept coming back, and it was obvious their daughter was committed to
him. Her family finally capitulated and gave her permission to marry him (The
tragicomic story of their courtship would later be adapted and recast as Love in
the Time of Cholera.

Since García Márquez's parents were more or less strangers to him for the first
few years of his life, his grandparents influenced his early development very
strongly. His grandfather, whom he called "Papalelo", was a Liberal veteran of
the Thousand Days War.The Colonel was considered a hero by Colombian
Liberals and was highly respected. He was well known for his refusal to remain
silent about the banana massacres that took place the year after García Márquez
was born. The Colonel, whom García Márquez described as his "umbilical cord
with history and reality," was also an excellent storyteller. He taught García
Márquez lessons from the dictionary, took him to the circus each year, and was
the first to introduce his grandson to ice—a "miracle" found at the United Fruit
Company store. He would also occasionally tell his young grandson "You can't
imagine how much a dead man weighs", reminding him that there was no greater
burden than to have killed a man, a lesson that García Márquez would later
integrate into his novels.

García Márquez's political and ideological views were shaped by his

grandfather's stories. In an interview, García Márquez told his friend Plinio
Apuleyo Mendoza, "my grandfather the Colonel was a Liberal. My political ideas
probably came from him to begin with because, instead of telling me fairy tales
when I was young, he would regale me with horrifying accounts of the last civil
war that free-thinkers and anti-clerics waged against the Conservative
government. "This influenced his political views and his literary technique so that
"in the same way that his writing career initially took shape in conscious
opposition to the Colombian literary status quo, García Márquez's socialist and
anti-imperialist views are in principled opposition to the global status quo
dominated by the United States."
García Márquez's grandmother, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes, played an
equally influential role in his upbringing. He was inspired by the way she "treated
the extraordinary as something perfectly natural."The house was filled with
stories of ghosts and premonitions, omens and portents, all of which were
studiously ignored by her husband. According to García Márquez she was "the
source of the magical, superstitious and supernatural view of reality". He enjoyed
his grandmother's unique way of telling stories. No matter how fantastic or
improbable her statements, she always delivered them as if they were the
irrefutable truth. It was a deadpan style that, some thirty years later, heavily
influenced her grandson's most popular novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude.
7. The seventh is the cinematography.

Will Smith

Willard Carroll "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor,
producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has enjoyed success in television, film, and
music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him "the most powerful actor
in Hollywood". Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards,
two Academy Awards, and has won four Grammy Awards.

In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The
Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in
the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for six
seasons (1990–96) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various
networks since then. After the series ended, Smith transitioned from television to
film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to
have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office,
eleven consecutive films gross over $150 million internationally, and eight
consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic
box office tally.

Smith is ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes. As of 2014, 17

of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide
gross earnings of over $100 million each, five taking in over $500 million each in
global box office receipts. As of 2014, his films have grossed $6.6 billion at the
global box office. He has received Best Actor Oscar nominations for Ali and The
Pursuit of Happyness.
8. The eighth is photography

Steve Winter

Winter began his professional career with Walsall in the Football League, where
after being released he dropped shortly into the non-league game with Taunton
Town. He then earned a return to the Football League with Torquay United,
where he enjoyed a two-year spell.

Winter then moved to Yeovil Town in August 1997, but his stay was short-lived,
and he moved to Dr Martens Premier Divisionside Forest Green Rovers. He was
a part of the Forest Green squad that, under the management of Frank Gregan,
earned promotion into the Conference National in the 1997–98 season and
appeared at Wembley Stadium for the club in the 1999 FA Trophy final.

He moved to Tiverton Town in August 2001 and in July 2003 was a part of the
Tiverton side that defeated his former club, Torquay United, at Plainmoor to win
the Devon Bowl. In March 2006, Winter joined league rivals Chippenham Town in
a surprise move. He left the club a few months later in May 2006.

In the summer of 2007 he joined then Hellenic League side Almondsbury

Town as player/assistant manager.He left the club in the summer of 2008 to
become player-manager at Shirehampton where he guided the Somerset club to
a second-place finish in his first year in charge before leaving to become boss
at Gloucestershire County League side Axa. He left Axa in October 2010.

In March 2012, Winter returned to playing duties with Bishop Sutton. In June
2013, Winter was confirmed as the new assistant manager at Bristol Manor Farm.
He left the club just a month later, however, to undertake the role of assistant
manager at Southern Premier Division side Chippenham Town After Nathan
Rudge left the club, Winter was appointed full-time boss after a short caretaker
spell in charge of the club. He was sacked just a few months later, however, after
a 9–0 home defeat against Stour Bridge. This was despite the fact he wasn't in
attendance at the game as he was on holiday in Egypt and he was sacked over
the phone by chairman Neil Blackmore.
 CONCLUCIONES

Art is a way of expression in all its core activities, art trying to tell us something about the
universe of man, the artist himself. Art is a form of knowledge so precious to man as the
world of philosophy or science. Of course, only when we recognize clearly that art is a
form of parallel knowledge to another, but distinct from it, through which man comes to
understand his environment, only then we can begin to appreciate its importance in the
history of the humanity.

Art is a conscious human activity capable of reproducing things, build forms, or express
an experience, as long as the product of this reproduction, construction, or expression
to delight, excite or cause a crash.

An artist is a person exercising the arts and produces artistic works. The definition of the
term, therefore, be associated with what is meant by art.
 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

 Enciclopedia del Arte Garzanti. Ediciones B, Barcelona.

 Azcárate Ristori, José María de; Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso Emilio; Ramírez
Domínguez, Juan Antonio (1983). Historia del Arte. Anaya, Madrid.
 Angles Vargas, Victor. 1990. Sacsayhuaman: portento arquitectónico. Lima:
Industrialgráfica
 Cohen, S. J. - Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from
1581 to the Present. Princeton Book Co. 1992.
 Marcelle Michel, Isabelle Ginot - La danse au XXe siècle. París, Larousse, 1995.
 Eugenio Trías (2007). El canto de las sirenas: argumentos musicales. Galaxia
Gutenberg.
 Ulrich Michels (1985). Atlas de música. Alianza Editorial.
 Cohen, Jean (1984). Estructura del Lenguaje Poético. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.
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 Alcolea i Gil, Santiago (1988). Historia Universal del Arte. España y Portugal
Volum VI. Barcelona, Editorial Planeta.
 Barral, Xavier; Duby, Georges; Guillot de Suduiraut, Sophie (1996). Sculpture.
The Great Art of the Middle Ages fron th Fifth Centurey to the Fiteenth
Century (en inglés). Colonia: Taschen.
 Barral i Altet, Xavier (1987). Historia Universal del Arte. Volum II. Barcelona:
Planeta.