Topic 1:- FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT, NON COOPERATION MOVENENT
1914: - First world war started (impact)
1) Huge increase in defence expenditure 2) Custom duties increased and income tax introduced. 3) Force recruitment in rural areas to supply for soldiers. 1918-1921:- (result) 1) Crop failed in many parts of india 2) In 1921, 12-13 million people died due to famine and epidemic. Entry of leader( MAHATMA GANDHI) :- Brings idea of SATYAGRAHA(NON VOILENCE) 1915:- GANDHI JI RETUREND INDIA( FROM SOUTH AFRICA) ORGANISED 3 SATYAGRAH MOVEMENT 1) 1916:-(CHAMPARAN)- To help the peasants against the oppressive plantation system 2) 1917:- (KHEDA DISTRICT) – To support the peasants 3) 1918:- (AHEMDABAD)- To help the cotton mill workers 3 SATYAGRAH MOVEMENT WAS SUCCEED 1919:- NATION WIDE SATYAGRAH FOR RAWLATT ACT:- ROWLATT ACT- It gives british officers enough power to repress any political leader and put them in prison for 2 years. 1) Ralleis organized 2) Worker went on strike 3) Shops closed 4) April 10 (Amritsar ) police fire in public 5) Attack on banks, post office, railway stations MARTIAL LAW IMPOSED:- (GENERAL DYER) -Army control power in pace of local police in emergency situation April 13, 1919 :- JALLIANWALA BAGH:- people did not know about martial law being imposed, they have come there for Baisakhi mela and others to protest government. - GENERAL DYER:- Closed both gates and opened fired and hundreds of peoples died RESULTS- 1) Strike 2) Police laathi charged 3) Peoples attacked buildings 4) Govt began terrorising people , people were beaten, villages were bombed (Gandhi ji called off the movement) -Rowlatt satyagrah was limited to towns and cities. -Gandhi wants to start broad movement but it was possible if hindu and muslim come together