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UNIT – VII
Generally, the slope of the natural ground surface is not uniform throughout the
alignment. In such cases, a vertical drop is provided to step down the canal bed and
then it is continued with permissible slope until another step down is necessary.
Such vertical drops are known as Canal Falls
Types of Canal Fall
1. Ogee Fall to provide smooth transition and to reduce disturbance and impact
2. Rapid Fall consists of a glacis sloping at 1: 0 to 1:20. Very high cost of
construction
3. Stepped Fall next development of rapid fall. Cost of construction is high
4. Notch Fall the fall is consists of one or more trapezoidal notches
5. Vertical Drop Fall high velocity jet enters the deep pool of water in the cistern
and dissipation of energy is affected by turbulent diffusion
6. Glacis Type Fall utilizes standing wave phenomenon for dissipation of energy
Types:
a) Straight Glacis Type
b) Parabolic Glacis Type of Montague type
Suitability of Canal Fall
Ogee Fall
This fall is recommended when the natural ground surface suddenly changes to a steeper
slope along the alignment of the canal.
Rapid Fall
The rapid fall is suitable when the slope of the natural ground surface is even and long
Stepped Fall
This fall is suitable in places where the sloping ground is very long and requires long glacis
to connect the higher bed level with lower bed level.
Notch Fall
Suitable for greater discharges where energy dissipation is a major problem. This fall
consists one or more trapezoidal notches in a high crested wall
Canal Escape
It is a channel constructed to remove surplus water from an irrigation channel (main
canal, branch canal, or distributory etc.,) into a natural drain