komponen

A B C D
C2H3COOH -15.9215 2.4408E+03 3.4383E-02 -2.7677E-05
C4H9OH -5.3970 1.3256E+03 6.2223E-03 -5.5062E-06
H2SO4 -18.7045 3.4962E+03 3.3080E-02 -1.7018E-05
H2O -10.2158 1.7925E+03 1.7730E-02 -1.2631E-05
C2H3COOC4H9 -6.9308 1.1689E+03 1.3471E-02 -1.2339E-05
NaOH -4.1939 2.0515E+03 2.7917E-03 -6.1590E-07
C2H3COONa -4.4042 5.9523E+02 1.0606E-02 -1.3477E-05
NaSO4 11.2905 -4.5769E+03 -6.7848E-03 9.2443E-07

µ decanter A+B/T+CT+DT^2
umpan
T= 80 C
353.15 K
komponen µ lb/ft.jam kg/m.jam kg/m.dtk log 10 n liq
cP 0.241909 0.138254963 0.241909 0.138254963
C2H3COOH 0.47933 0.116 0.016 0.000 -0.31937 -0.07725794 -0.010681293
C4H9OH 0.73679 0.17824 0.02464 6.84504E-06 -0.13265 -0.03209027 -0.004436639
H2SO4 5.69306 1.37720 0.19041 5.28903E-05 0.75535 0.18272498 0.0252626349
H2O 0.35158 0.08505 0.01176 3.26627E-06 -0.45398 -0.10982132 -0.015183343
C2H3COOC4H9 0.3958687159 0.09576 0.01324 3.67774E-06 -0.40245 -0.09735599 -0.013459949
NaOH 3.34444E+02 80.9050 11.1855 0.0031 2.52432 0.6106565 0.0844262916
C2H3COONa 2.21827E-01 5.36619E-02 7.41902E-03 0.0000 -0.65399 -0.15820519 -0.021872652
NaSO4 0.00011 0.00003 0.00000 1.04125E-09 -3.95048 -0.95565597 -0.13212418
342.32240 82.810869 11.449014 0.003180
μ
0.4793273713
0.7367933514986 3.108E-04
5.6930621345605 3.959E-04
0.3515783824394
0.395868715882583
334.44383
 0.221826610137649000
0.00011207864964
#REF!

Densitas A B n Tc 25
C2H3COOH 0.34645 0.25822 0.30701 615.00 0.57398374 0.4260162602
C4H9OH 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457 562.93 0.62707619 0.3729238094
H2SO4 0.42169 0.19356 0.2857 925.00 0.38162162 0.6183783784
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.54548545 0.4545145489
C2H3COOC4H9 0.29947 0.25838 0.30843 598.00 0.590301 0.4096989967
NaOH 0.19975 0.09793 0.25382 2820.00 0.1251773 0.874822695
C2H3COONa 0.3322 0.25151 0.29455 498.00 0.70883534 0.2911646586
NaSO4 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700.00 0.09540541 0.9045945946
ρ = A . B ^ - (1-T/Tc)^n 25 C
T = 80 C = 353 K, 298 K

data CP

komponen A B C D
C2H3COOH -18.242 1.21E+00 -3.12E-03 3.14E-06
C4H9OH 83.877 5.66E-01 -1.72E-03 2.28E-06
H2SO4 26.004 7.03E-01 1.39E-03 1.03E-06
H2O 92.053 -4.00E-02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07
C2H3COOC4H9 101.239 1.15E+00 -3.24E-03 3.95E-06
NaOH 87.639 -4.84E-04 -4.54E-06 1.19E-09
Na2SO4 233.150 -9.52760E-03 -3.46650E-05 1.57710E-08
CH3COONA -19.25 4.18E-01 -4.21E-04 2.26E-07
kg/m.dtk

-0.000002967
-1.2324E-06
7.017399E-06
-4.2176E-06
-3.73887E-06
2.345175E-05
-6.07574E-06
-3.67012E-05
 yuk mari (g/ml)
0.7695381061 2.834629 0.982057
0.7847784367 2.820939 0.758579
0.8716885721 4.1848 1.764688
0.7982850185 2.810835 0.975641
0.759403421 2.794683 0.836924
0.9666252708 9.449446 1.887527
0.6952836906 2.610863 0.867329
0.9717587705 9.370414 2.44952
Sifat Fisis Komponen
a. Densitas masing-masing komponen 80
Komponen A B n Tc rho (g/ml) kg/m3
C2H3COOH 0.34645 0.25822 0.30701 615 0.290253868 290.25387
C4H9OH 0.26891 0.26674 0.2457 562.93 0.2382640322 238.26403
H2SO4 0.42169 0.19356 0.2857 925 0.3155204823 315.52048
H2O 0.34710 0.27400 0.28571 647.13 0.2934124255 293.41243
C2H3COOC4H9 0.29947 0.25838 0.30843 598 0.252423505 252.4235
NaOH 0.19975 0.09793 0.25382 2820 0.1192437928 119.24379
C2H3COONa 0.3322 0.25151 0.29455 498
NaSO4 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700

Persamaan : ρi = A.B^(1-T/Tc)^n
ρ camp = ∑yi.ρi
Dimana : ρ dalam kg/m^3 dan T dalam K

DENSITAS
Komponen gr/ml
C2H3COOH 1.045 104.5
C4H9OH 0.8119 81.19
H2SO4 1.833 183.3
H2O 0.995 99.5
C2H3COOC4H9 0.894 89.4

VISKOSITAS 353.15
Komponen A B C D μ xi
C2H3COOH -15.9215 2.44E+03 3.44E-02 -2.77E-05 0.7266082751 0.4170213
C4H9OH -5.397 1.33E+03 6.22E-03 -5.51E-06 0.8757677912 0.5476596
H2SO4 -18.7045 3.50E+03 3.31E-02 -1.70E-05 2.1283476421 0.0208511
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05 0.6350968092 0.0144681
C2H3COOC4H9 -6.9308 1.17E+03 1.35E-02 -1.23E-05 0.6686805627 0.00E+00
NaOH -4.1939 2.05E+03 2.79E-03 -6.16E-07 1
C2H3COONa -4.4042 5.95E+02 1.06E-02 -1.35E-05
NaSO4 11.2905 -4.58E+03 -6.78E-03 9.24E-07

Entalphy Formation

Cp = A + B*T + C*T^2
Cp = Kj/mol.K T=K

Komponen A B C D
C2H3COOH -18.242 1.2106 -3.12E+01 3.14E-06
C4H9OH 83.877 0.56628 -1.72E-03 2.28E-06
H2SO4 26.004 0.70337 -1.39E-03 1.03E-06
H2O 92.053 -4.00E+02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07
C2H3COOC4H9 101.239 1.1519 -3.24E-03 3.9463E-06
Cp A B C D
C2H3COOH -18.242 1.21E+00 -3.12E-03 3.14E-06
C4H9OH 83.877 5.66E-01 -1.72E-03 2.28E-06
H2SO4 26.004 7.03E-01 1.39E-03 1.03E-06
H2O 92.053 -4.00E-02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07
C2H3COOC4H9 101.239 1.15E+00 -3.24E-03 3.95E-06
NaOH 87.639 -4.84E-04 -4.54E-06 1.19E-09
 353.15

rho p
0.3030111 290.25387 121.04204
0.4796226 238.26403 130.48758
0.0443783 315.52048 6.5789377
0.0091886 293.41243 4.2451159
0 252.4235 0.00E+00
0.8362007 1389.8743 262.35367
 DEKANTER - 01 (DC - 01 )

Tugas : Memisahkan fase berat dengan fase ringan dari netralizer

Alat : Dekanter silinder vertikal

Kondisi operasi :
T= 80 oC
P= 1 atm

Kondisi umpan : fase ringan

Umpan dari Netralizer fase ringan fase berat
KOMPONEN kg/jam m^3/jam kg/jam m^3/jam kg/jam m^3/jam xi
C2H3COOC4H9 5728.828 6.845 5728.828 6.845 0.000 0.000 0.8168375
H2O 1246.157 1.277 256.708 0.000 989.449 1.014 0.03660244
C4H9OH 1094.662 1.443 1027.888 1.355 66.774 0.088 0.14656006
NA2SO4 319.190 0.130 0.000 0.000 319.190 0.130
C2H3COONa 221.237 0.255 0.000 0.000 221.237 0.255
Total 8610.0735 9.951 7013.424 8.200 1596.650 1.488

ρ μ m/ρ kmol/jam bm
KOMPONEN kg/m^3 kg/m.dtk (umpan) (umpan)
C2H3COOC4H9 836.924 0.0004 6.845 44.513 128.7
H2O 975.641 0.0004 1.277 69.169 18.016
C4H9OH 758.579 0.0007 1.443 14.768 74.1224
NA2SO4 2449.520 0.0000 0.130 2.247 142.05
C2H3COONa 867.329 0.0002 0.255 2.352 94.044
Total 5887.992 0.0017 9.951 133.050
1000

1. Menentukan fase terdispersi

fase ringan : fase berat :
W= 7013.424 kg/jam W= 1596.650 kg/jam
= 1.948 kg/s = 0.444 kg/s

ρL = 1070.398 kg/m3 ρH = 1246.201 kg/m3

 QL = W / ρ QH = W / ρ
= 8.200 m3/jam = 1.488 m3/jam
= 0.002 m3/s = 0.0004 m3/s

μL = 0.000350345 kg/m.dtk μH = 0.000279 kg/m.dtk

= 0.3503453 cp = 0.279 cp

check untuk fase terdispersi :

0.3
QL  L H 
  
  
 Ludwig - Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Vol 1 hal 244
QH  H L  karena nilai Ɵ lebih besar dari 3 maks fase berat terdispersi.
θ= 4.566 fase berat selalu terdispersi Sehingga fase ringan menjadi kontinyu (kontinyu phase)
dan fase berat menjadi fase terdispersi (dispersed phase)

3. Menghitung settling velocity

asumsi diameter droplet, dp=150 μm
gd p
2
 D  c  -0.0061533125 m/s Tanda positif menunjukkan Droplet turun, UL
UD  0.0077144521 m/s Tanda negatif menunjukkan Droplet turun, UH
18  c
Ludwig - Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Vol 1 ha

4, Menentukan Jenis Decanter

Jenis Decanter dapat diketahui dengan cara menghitung DL, DH

Untuk decanter horisontal Nilai DL, DH berada dibawah 12 ft
Untuk decanter silinder Nilai DL, DH berada diatas 12 ft

Dengan : Uh = Droplet turun

UI = Droplet Naik

0 .5
 QI 
DL  0 . 5 
 Uh 
= 1.276 m = 4.186 ft

0 .5
 Qh 
Dh  0 .5  = 0.120 m = 0.395 ft
 UL 


Karena DL dan DH berada dibawah 12 ft maka decanter silinder HORIZONTAL.

5. Menentukan waktu pemisahan

100*μ = 0.199 jam

t
 ρA  ρB = 11.957 menit

ρcampuran = 13.371 kg/m^3

massa
Fv  = 9.951 m^3/jam 597.048 m^3/menit
ρ

6. Volume cairan

Vc  t * Fv = 1.983 m^3

Asumsi volume liquid 95 % volume kosong, maka volume total liquid menjadi :

Vc
Vt  = 2.087 m^3 (Mc. Cabe. P 37)
0.95

Menghitung Diameter Decanter

1/3
 
 Vt  = 0.810 m 31.898 in
D   
 3 ,14 . 5 
 4 

Panjang diameter diambil perbandingan antara diameter dan panjang 1 : 5

L = 5.D = 4.051 m

7. Menentukan ukuran Decanter

Untuk silinder horizontal kedalaman zat cair 90 % D (Mc.Cabe p.37)
Zt = 0.9D = 3.241 m
Antar muka terletak ditengah-tengah antara dasar bejana dan permukaan zat cair.

ZT
Z A1  = 1.620 m
2
A
Z A 2  Z A1   Z T  Z A 1 
= 3.507 m
B
Tebal lapisan atas : ZB

Z A 2  A  Z A1  A = 2.196 m
ZB 
B
8. Menetukan tebal shell dan tebal head
digunakan flanged standard dished karena tekenan operasi yang rendah (atmosferis)
bahan yang dipakai : Carbon steel SA 285 grade C
Shell
f= 18750
E= 0.8
c= 0.125 in
ri = ID/2 = 0.405 m
= 15.949 in
P operasi = 1 atm
Pdesign = 1.2 atm 17.64 psia

P.ri
t  c
f .  0,6.P

ts = 0.144 in dipakai tebal plat standar 3/16 in

0.0037 m ts = 0.1875 inch
Head 0.0036517296
f= 18750 0.3651729617
E= 0.8
c= 0.125 in
rc = I 31.897 in
P operasi = 1 atm
Pdesign = 1.2 atm 17.64 psia
 0 ,885 . P .rc
th   c
f .  0 . 1 P

th = 0.158 in dipakai tebal plat standar 3/16 in

0.0040 m th = 0.1875 inch

9. Menentukan Pipa Pengeluaran dan Pemasukan

a. Pipa Umpan

d iopt  226 .G 0 .5 .   0 . 35

bahan : Carbon steel SA 285 grade C (Table 11. Kern, pg.844)

G= 2.392 kg/s 0.0393701
rho = 865.264 kg/m3
di = 32.769 mm
= 1.290 in
dari tabel 11. Kern, diambil pipa standar:
IPS = 1.25 in
schedule number : 40
ID = 1.38 in = 0.035 m

b. Pipa Pengeluaran atas

d iopt  226 .G 0 .5 .   0 .35

bahan : Carbon steel SA 285 grade C
G= 1.948 kg/s
rho = 1070.398 kg/m3
di = 27.452 mm
= 1.081 in
dari tabel 11. Kern, diambil pipa standar:
IPS = 1.25 in
schedule number : 40
ID = 1.38 in = 0.035 m

c. Pipa Pengeluaran bawah

d iopt  226 .G 0 .5
.  0 . 35
bahan : Carbon steel SA 285 grade C
G= 0.444 kg/s
rho = 1246.201 kg/m3
di = 12.420 mm
= 0.489 in
dari tabel 11. Kern, diambil pipa standar:
IPS = 0.5 in
schedule number : 40
ID = 0.622 in = 0.016 m
 fase berat

miu rho xi miu rho

0.0003233604 683.6307629 6.1970E-01 2.1787E-04 6.0461E+02
2.696843E-05 27.76582871 4.1822E-02 3.0814E-05 3.1725E+01
1.642625E-08 359.0017757 0.1999122596 2.2405896E-08 489.68905321
0.1385629788 0.000030737 120.17966588
0.0003503453 1070.398367 2.7945E-04 1.2462E+03
 Teta Hasil
<0.3 fase ringan terdispersi
0.3-0.5 fase ringan mungkin terdispersi
0.5-2.0 phase inversion probable design
for worst case
2.0-3 heavy phase probably dispersed
>3.3 heavy phase always dispersed (Schweitzer)

mical Plants Vol 1 hal 242

C2H3COOC4H9
H2O
C4H9OH
NA2SO4

C2H3COONa

a) Enthalphi Umpan Masuk

Suhu umpan masuk =
Suhu referensi =
produk reaktn
Data Cp=A+BT+CT^2+DT^3. Joule/gmol.K
Komponen A
101.239
92.053
83.877
233.15
B

-19.25

A. 1 Perhitungan Panas Reaksi di Dekanter

NERACA PANAS

Asumsi : Reaksi berlangsung eksothermis pada suhu 80 C

Panas masuk Dekanter

1.152
-0.039953
0.56628
-0.0095276

0.41753

80.00 ºC
25.00 ºC
C
-0.003
-0.00021103
-0.0017208
-0.000034665

-0.00042109
(Carl.L Yaws)

353.15 K
D
3.9463E-06
5.3469E-07
0.000002278
1.5771E-08

2.2583E-07

353.15

Komponen Cp Fm1 (Fm.Cp) 1

J/mol K mol/jam J/jam K
C2H3COOC4H9 2.78E+02 44513.03481 12356316.43
H2O 7.52E+01 69169.48310 5199774.37
C4H9OH 1.70E+02 14768.30409 2504401.15
NA2SO4 8.56E+01 2247.02466 192414.43
C2H3COONa 2.26E+02 2352.47906 532028.87
Total 133050.32571 20784935.25

Tf 1 = 80.00 C

Q c1   (Fmi C pi )1 (Tb  Tf 1 )
Qc 1 = -1.1432E+09 J/jam
-273103.657 kkal/jam

Panas keluar Dekanter

Komponen Cp Fm Fm.Cp
J/mol K mol/jam J/jam K
C2H3COOC4H9 2.78E+02 44513.03481 12356316.43
H2O 7.52E+01 69169.48310 5199774.37
C4H9OH 1.70E+02 14768.30409 2504401.15
NA2SO4 8.56E+01 2247.02466 192414.43
C2H3COONa 2.26E+02 2352.47906 532028.87
 133050.32571 20784935.25

Tp = 80.00 C

Qh  F mi C pi (T p  Tb )
Qh = 1.1432E+09 J/jam
-273103.657 kkal/jam