Lesson-7

Electric flux
Gauss’ law
Electric flux

Electric flux
Electric flux density, , A vector Quantity
Electric flux per unit area
perpendicular to the flux path,
d
D
dS
or , d   Dds
Dotted lines

But if the area is not perpendicular to the flux line,

Solid lines
Relation between Electric flux
density and Electric field
 
D E
What Does Gauss’ Law Do?
Consider the electric field lines associated with a point charge Q
How many field lines pass through the
tissue forming a sphere？

All the lines (12).

If the sphere is displaced ?

All the lines (12).
 Suppose the tissue is some shape other than
spherical, but still surrounds the charge.
All the 12 field lines still go through.

In the electric field, the number of electric field lines through

a curved surface A is defined as electric flux.

The number of field lines penetrating a surface is proportional to

the surface area, the orientation, and the field strength.
•Suppose a point charge q is out
of an arbitrary closed surface
+q

For the field of point charge, the total electric flux

through a closed surface is only related to the
total (net) electric charge inside the surface.
Formal Expressions for Gauss’s Law

The integral form of Gauss’s law is

illustrated diagrammatically in
Figure given aside; for each
differential surface element ds,D.ds
is the electric field flux flowing
outward of v through ds, and the
total flux through surface S equals
the enclosed charge Q. The surface
S is called a Gaussian surface.
Example 1

Solution:
Example 2

Solution:
Example 3

Solution:
Example 4

Solution:
Example 5

Solution: