Laryngiti

s
Presented by:-
Jay Rami
ANATOMY OF THE LARYNX
• First we will see the vocal folds
movement during the different-
different speech
 Laryngitis
• inflammation of the larynx
or voice box, caused by
chemical or mechanical
irritation or bacterial
infection.
Etiology
• Voice abuse or misuse  —
This means talking too much or too
loudly. It can be an ongoing problem
for people whose jobs depend on their
voices, including singers, actors,
telephone operators, lawyers,
teachers, referees, coaches and
anyone who must shout over loud
noise at work (construction workers,
personnel in airports and train
stations, factory workers).
• Smoking  — Cigarette smoke irritates
the larynx, causing swelling and
inflammation that thickens the vocal
cords. This thickening can lower the pitch
of the voice or make it sound raspy and
harsh.
• Viral infection - common cause of acute
laryngitis
• Allergies
• Larynx cancer
• Tumor

• Drinking alcohol
heavily   — 

Alcohol causes a chemical irritation

of the larynx that produces changes
similar to those seen in smokers.
• Gastro esophageal reflux
disease (GERD)  — GERD is a
disorder in which acidic fluids from the
stomach flow backward (reflux) into the
esophagus and throat, irritating the
larynx. Because acid reflux usually is
worse when lying down, the hoarseness
caused by GERD often is most noticeable
in the morning right after awakening. 
• Work-related exposure to
irritating chemicals or dusts  — 
Many industrial products are suspected
of causing chronic laryngitis and other
respiratory problems. The U.S.
Department of Labor monitors many of
these products and provides safety
guidelines for handling and exposure
through the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA).
Symptoms
• The most common symptom is
hoarseness.
• A low, raspy voice
• A voice that tires easily, “breaks” or
“cracks”
• The sensation of a lump in the throat
or a dry throat.
• Difficulty swallowing
• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing
• A constant urge to clear the throat

• Heavy mucus in the throat

• Chronic cough or postnasal drip

• Discomfort during swallowing

Diagnosis
• The most common sign of laryngitis is
hoarseness. Changes in your voice can
vary with the degree of infection or
irritation, ranging from mild hoarseness
to almost total loss of your voice.
• If you have chronic hoarseness, your
doctor may want to listen to your voice
and to examine your vocal cords, and he
or she may refer you to an ear, nose and
throat specialist.
• These techniques sometimes are used to help
diagnose laryngitis:

• Laryngoscope :-Your doctor can

visually examine your vocal cords in a
procedure called laryngoscope, by using a
light and a tiny mirror to look into the back
of your throat. Or your doctor may use
fiber-optic laryngoscope.
• This involves inserting a thin, flexible tube
(endoscope) with a tiny camera and light
through your nose or mouth and into the
back of your throat.
• Then your doctor can watch the
motion of your vocal cords as you
speak.

• Biopsy :- If your doctor sees a

suspicious area, he or she may do a
biopsy — taking a sample of tissue
for examination under a microscope.
Types
 Acute
laryngitis
 DEFINITION
o It is the acute inflammation of
larynx leading to oedema of laryngeal
mucosa and underlying structures.

o Acute laryngitis is an inflammation

of the vocal fold mucosa and larynx
that lasts less than 3 weeks. 
weeks.
 ACUTE VIRAL
LARYNGITIS
• Frequently caused by “Rhinovirus”
• Other causes:
– Parainfluenza
– respiratory syncytial virus
– Adenovirus
Symptoms
• Hoarseness or change in voice.
• Husky, high pitched voice.
• Discomfort in throat, pain.
• Body aches.
• Dysphagia, Dysphonea..
• Dry irritating paroxysmal cough.
• Fever, Malaise.
ETIOLOGY
• vocal misuse

• exposure to noxious

• infectious agents leading to upper

respiratory tract infections The
infectious agents are most often viral
but sometimes bacterial.
•  
• Frank aphonia
Treatment
• Inhaling humidified air promotes
moisture of the upper airway, helping
to clear secretions and exudate.

• Complete voice rest is suggested,

although this recommendation is
nearly impossible to follow.
• If the patient must speak, soft
sighing phonation is best. Avoidance
of whispering is best, as whispering
promotes hyper functioning of the
larynx.

• Prevailing data do not support the use

of antihistamines and corticosteroids
 Chronic
laryngitis
 Definition
• Chronic laryngitis is a more
persistent disorder that produces
lingering hoarseness and other voice
changes. It usually is painless and
has no significant sign of infection.
ETIOLOGY
• Vocal misuse

• Exposure to noxious agents

• Infectious agents leading to upper

respiratory tract infections. The
infectious agents are most often viral
but sometimes bacterial.
INFECTIOUS:
Viral
Bacterial
NON INFECTIOUS
Inhaled fumes
Allergy
Polluted atmospheric
conditions
Vocal abuse
Iatrogenic trauma
Differential
Diagnosis
• Acute epiglottitis

• Acute laryngotracheo bronchitis.

• Laryngeal perichondritis

• Laryngeal oedema

• Laryngeal diphtheria
• Reinke’s oedema
PAEDIATRIC
CONCERNS
• Lacks firm cartilaginous skeleton.

• Flabby , easily collapses.

• Glottis aperture , relatively smaller.

• Mucosa swells up rapidly in response
to slightest trauma or infection.
• Stridor is the most noticeable
presentation.
TREATMENT
 SUPPORTIVE
• Voice rest.
• Steam inhalation.
• Cough suppressants.
• Avoid smoking and cold.
• Fluid intake.
• Consider short course of corticosteroids
• voice rehabilitation
• Humidification
DEFINITIVE

• ANTIBIOTICS
• STEROIDS
• ANALGESICS
•Treatment 4
hoarse voice
Voice Therapy
• Voice therapy is an approach to
treating voice disorders that involves
vocal and physical exercises coupled
with behavioral changes.

• The purpose of voice therapy is to

help attain the best possible voice
and the most relief from the vocal
symptoms that are bothering the
patient
Duration of voice
therapy
 The length of each individual voice therapy
session usually ranges from ½ to 1 hour.

 The sessions are weekly.

 However, for some types of voice

disorders, two or more sessions per week
are best for the first few weeks, tapering
down as the therapy progresses.
 The duration of the entire voice
therapy program is highly individual.

 The program can be as short as just

a few sessions, or as long as 12
weeks or more.
The voice quality in
laryngitis
Thank
you