http://www.jfm.sakarya.edu.

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01. Pendahuluan
Geofisika Dasar
Kuliah hari ini
• Definitions
• Introduction
• Overview of Geophysical Techniques
• Seismic
• Potential Field
• Heat Flow
• Interpretation
• Methods
• Constraint
• Whole Earth Knowledge
DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
• Geology  Visual
• Physics  Mathematical
• Geophysics  Visual and Mathematical
GEOPHYSICS
Is the measurement of contrasts in the physical properties of material
beneath the surface of the earth and the attempt to deduce the nature
and distribution of materials responsible for these observation
OVERVIEW OF GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
Pengukuran properti alam dari bumi biasa dilakukan
di permukaan bumi. Geofisika di sini
menginterpretasikan observasi tersebut dalam term
properti di bawah bumi (misal: distribusi densitas
yang secara lokal mengubah percepatan gravitasi).
• Seismic
• Potential Field
• Heat Flow
Seismic
Potential Field
https://crustal.usgs.gov/projects/rgb/gravity.html
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/321/ilinoh_mag.jpg
Heat Flow
Macam-macam Metode Geofisika
AKTIF PASIF
• Seismik Refraksi Gelombang gempabumi
• Seismik Refleksi Mikroseismik (microseismic)
Gayaberat (gravity)
Geolistrik (resistivity)
• Induced Polarization
Pole – dipole
Self Potential
Geomagnet
Elektromagnet
Magnetotelurik (magnetotelluric)
INTERPRETATION
Various methods are used to interpret aspects of the
Earth from geophysical data. The quality of
interpretations depends on how well the problem is
constrained by other criteria, such as additional
geological and geophysical observations.
• Methods
• Constrains
Methods
• Inversion modeling uses mathematical equations to
calculate a subsurface model from observed data
• Forward modeling assumes a subsurface model and
calculates observations that would result

What caused what we observed?

Methods
• Inverse
Methods
• Forward
Constraints (Batasan-batasan)

Hierarchy of Constraints
Constraints (Batasan-batasan)
WHOLE EARTH KNOWLEDGE
Conclusion
• Definitions
• Introduction
• Overview of Geophysical Techniques
• Seismic
• Potential Field
• Heat Flow
• Interpretation
• Methods
• Constraint
• Whole Earth Knowledge
 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Jackson_5-Imperial/publication/259562422/figure/fig6/AS:392774798069765@1470656217355/Fig-7-RMS-
amplitude-map-from-a-16-ms-window-centred-on-the-near-top-Etive-Formation.png

Terima Kasih
Ada Pertanyaan?
 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Jackson_5-Imperial/publication/259562422/figure/fig6/AS:392774798069765@1470656217355/Fig-7-RMS-
amplitude-map-from-a-16-ms-window-centred-on-the-near-top-Etive-Formation.png

Terima Kasih
Ada Pertanyaan?
• Some Fundamental Consideration

• We treat the earth and subsurface as ideal subject

• Subsurface is constituted by body of constant thickness with
planar contact
• Dipping bed is only with constant inclination
• The body is homogeneous, lateral variation pictured as abrupt
vertical boundary
• Earth surface always horizontal
• The vibration from wind and traffic or induced current by
electric line are never ilustrated

(Suryanto, 2012)
• Defining Objectives

• Understand the fundamentals of various exploration methods

• Before planning the data acquision stage :
• Determine what information already exist (geology, drilling log, etc)
• Acquisition design

(Suryanto, 2012)
• Limitation

• Lack of sufficient contrast in physical properties

• Non-uniqueness of many interpretations
• Resolution
• Noise effect

(Suryanto, 2012)
Often specific survey objectives cannot be met by applying only one geophysical method

(Suryanto, 2012)