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Iso has designed a reference model called osi reference model(open system
interconnection).
It has 7 layers. It says ठठट Any n/w for comunication needs 7 layers
7.Application layer:
The user uses application layer to send the data। The protocols@ this layer are
ftp,http,smtp(e-mail) telenet etc.
6.Presentation layer:
Presentation layer takes the data from application layer and presentIn different
formats for securing reason. The services offered @This layer areCompression –
decompressionCoding – decodingEncryption - decryption
5. Session layer:
Establishing the session or the conectivity n/w n/w 1 & n/w 2 is doneBy the
session layer.It 1. Establishes a session2. maintains it &3. Terminates it b/w the
application
4. Transport layer:
End-end connectivity during a session b/w two application is doneBy the transport
layer. It also decides the type of connection like tcpor udp i.e. connection
oriented or connection less.Services:SequencingFlow ctrl, error detection &
correctionTransport layer info + data is called segment
3. Netwrok layer :
It has two Sub layersa)MAC{Media access control } b) LLC {logical link control
framing of data}Ip address is lik the pincode & MAC address is like house
number.Here layer2 switches are used.Wab protocols used at this layer are
PPP,HDLC,FP,X.25 etc.Here error checking CRC bits are added to the packetsDLL
info+ packets --> frames
1. physical layer:
Answer: The VLAN number will be significant in the local switch. If trunking is
enabled, the VLAN number will be significant across the entire trunking domain.
In other words, the VLAN will be transported to every switch that has a trunk link
supporting that VLAN.
4. What switch commands configure Fast Ethernet port 4/11 for VLAN 2?
Answer: VLAN 1
Answer: A trunk link is a connection between two switches that transports traffic
from multiple VLANs. Each frame is identified with its source VLAN during its trip
across the trunk link.
Answer: 802.1Q
ISL
9. What is the difference between the two trunking methods? How many
bytes are added to trunked frames for VLAN identification in each
method?
Answer: ISL uses encapsulation and adds a 26-byte header and a 4-byte trailer.
802.1Q adds a 4-byte tag field within existing frames, without encapsulation.
11. What commands are needed to configure a Catalyst switch trunk port
Gigabit 3/1 to transport only VLANs 100, 200 through 205, and 300 using
IEEE 802.1Q? (Assume that trunking is enabled and active on the port
already. Also assume that the interface gigabit 3/1 command already has
been entered.)
12. Two neighboring switch trunk ports are set to the auto mode with ISL
trunking encapsulation mode. What will the resulting trunk mode
become?
Answer: Trunking will not be established. Both switches are in the passive auto
state and are waiting to be asked to start the trunking mode. The link will remain
an access link on both switches.
13. Complete the following command to configure the switch port to use
DTP to actively ask the other end to become a trunk:
switchport mode _________________
Answer: switchport mode dynamic desirable
14. Which command can set the native VLAN of a trunk port to VLAN 100
after the interface has been selected?
15. What command can configure a trunk port to stop sending and
receiving DTP packets completely?
Answer: The PC expects only a single network connection, using a single VLAN. In
other words, the PC can't participate in any form of trunking. Only untagged or
unencapsulated frames will be understood. Recall that an 802.1Q trunk's native
VLAN is the only VLAN that has untagged frames. Therefore, the PC will be
capable of exchanging frames only on VLAN 10, the native VLAN.