APPARATUS

Metal length gauge Test sieves

Digital balance.

MATERIAL
Aggregate
 OBSERVATION DATA

NOMINAL APERTURE SIZE LENGTH GAUGE

100 % passing 100% retained Mass passing (g) Mass retained (g) % Retained
M3
50.0 mm 37.5 mm 81.8 0 0
37.5 mm 28.0 mm 41.6 0 0
28.0 mm 20.0 mm 103.3 77.9 77.9
20.0 mm 14.0 mm 182.4 0 0
14.0 mm 10.0 mm 52.3 103.4 103.4
10.0 mm 6.30 mm 128.2 73.8 73.8
Total weight (g) 589.6 255.1 255.1
Total of weight (g) M2 844.7

CALCULATION

Total weight mass passing (g) = 81.8 + 41.6 +103.3 +182.4 + 52.3 + 128.2

= 589.6 g

Total weight mass retained (g) M3 = 0 + 0 + 77.9 + 0 + 103.4 +73.8

= 255.1 g

Total weight (g) M2 = 589.6 + 255.1

= 844.7 g

Elongation index = (M3) ∑ Mass of particles Retained Slot Gauge x 100

(M2) ∑ Mass of Sieve Fraction for Testing

= 255.1 x 100

844.7

=30.20 %
 DISCUSSION

The elongation index is the mass of particles in that aggregate expressed as a percentage of the
total mass of that aggregate which will retained the slot or slots of specified length for the
appropriate size fraction. Elongation index test is used to determine the quantity of aggregate
particles that are elongated instead of cubicle in shape.

In this experiment, elongation index was used as independent variables and other properties such
as gradation are kept constant as far as the properties met the specification required for the alphat
mixture. Accorging to British Standard Institusition (BSI – 812,1975) classifies aggregate into
six classes that are rounded, irregular , angular, flaky and elongated. The rounded irregular and
angular for special purpose are group into the category an equidimesional or cuboidal. The
aggregate are flaky, elongated or equal dimension are determined by the ratio of the shortest, the
largest and average diameter of the particles.

From the data experiment, we made the calculation and discussed by the all group member.
When this experiment is doing, we make some experimental error such as when sieve process is
being take place. For example, the aggregate may not trough sieve by machine and some of
aggregate we shake manually by hand. The careless attitudes that we gauge the particles
separating by hand,maybe we pass the particles to the wrong gauge. It is because we have
separate too many particles in the short time.
 CONCLUSION

The value that we get from the test is 30.20 % for elongation and exceeds 20% the JKR
requirement. Aggregate particles are classified as not suitable for JKR standard when they have
a length dimension of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve size. The elongation index of an
aggregate sample is found by separating the elongated particles and expressing their mass as a
percentage of the mass of the sample tested.

As a conclusion, the sample that we tested are more than percentage JKR Specification , which is
there are not suitable to use in parameter design. This will cause the increase of void in the mix.
If we use in highway costruction, we must doing more compaction in this test.
 REFERENCES

1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/98850354/Flakiness-amp-Elongation-Group5-
Sec7
2. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/124375/18/18_chapt
er%209.pdf
3. https://www.scribd.com/doc/86556033/Flakiness-and-Elongation-Test
4. https://www.slideshare.net/yasminehaslann/determination-of-elongation-
index-test
5. https://civilengineerspk.com/transportation-engineering-experiments/exp-1-
flakiness-and-elongation-index/
 OBSERVATION DATA

NOMINAL APERTURE SIZE THICKNESS GAUGE

100 % passing 100% retained Mass passing (g) Mass retained (g) Retained %
M3
50.0 mm 37.5 mm 0 81.7 81.7
37.5 mm 28.0 mm 0 41.9 41.9
28.0 mm 20.0 mm 20.0 160.2 160.2
20.0 mm 14.0 mm 29.8 155.3 155.3
14.0 mm 10.0 mm 14.9 141.0 141.0
10.0 mm 6.30 mm 14.2 146.0 146.0
Total weight (g) 58.9 726.1 726.1
Total of weight (g) M2 785.0

Calculation

Total weight mass passing (g) = 0 + 0 + 20.0 + 29.8 + 14.9 + 14.2

= 58.9 g

Total weight mass retained (g) = 81.7 + 41.9 + 160.2 + 155.3 + 141.0 + 146.0

= 726.1 g

Total weight (g) M2 = 58.9 + 726.1

= 785. 0 g

Flakiness = ( M3) ∑ Mass of particles passing slot gauge x 100

(M2) ∑ Mass of sieve fraction for testing

= 58.9 x 100

785.0

=7.50 %
 DISCUSSION

The flakiness index is the mass of particles in that aggregate expressed as a percentage of the
total mass of that aggregate which will pass the slot or slots of specified width for the appropriate
siza fraction. While elongation index test is used to determine the quantity of aggregate particles
that are elongated instead of cubicle in shape.

In this experiment, flakiness index was used as independent variables and other properties such
as gradation are kept constant as far as the properties met the specification required for the alphat
mixture. Accorging to British Standard Institusition (BSI – 812,1975) classifies aggregate into
six classes that are rounded, irregular , angular, flaky and elongated. The rounded irregular and
angular for special purpose are group into the category an equidimesional or cuboidal. The
aggregate are flaky, elongated or equal dimension are determined by the ratio of the shortest, the
largest and average diameter of the particles.

From the data experiment, we made the calculation and discussed by the all group member.
When this experiment is doing, we make some experimental error such as when sieve process is
being take place. For example, the aggregate may not trough sieve by machine and some of
aggregate we shake manually by hand. The careless attitudes that we gauge the particles
separating by hand,maybe we pass the particles to the wrong gauge. It is because we have
separate too many particles in the short time.
 CONCLUSION

The value that we get from the test is 7.5 % for flakiness and not exceeds 20% the JKR
requirement. Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness(smallest
dimension ) of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve size. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample
is found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass
of the sample tested.

As a conclusion, the sample that we tested are flaky, which is there are not suitable to use in
parameter design. This will cause the increase of void in the mix. If we use in highway
costruction, we must doing more compaction in this test.
Reference

1. https://www.slideshare.net/yasminehaslann/determination-of-elongation-
index-test
2. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/flakiness
3. https://www.scribd.com/doc/98850354/Flakiness-amp-Elongation-Group5-
Sec7
4. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/124375/18/18_chapt
er%209.pdf
5. https://www.scribd.com/doc/86556033/Flakiness-and-Elongation-Test