DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Materials of Construction and Testing

EXPERIMENT 2
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATE

Name: MIOTEN, Airielle Ann G. Date: 02/212021

Student Number: 201812740 Professor: Engr. Stephen Clemente

4.1. Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Experiment

b) Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
d) Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams.

4.2. Experiment’s Intended Learning Outcomes (EILOs)

At the end of this experiment the student shall be able to:
a) Apply appropriate ASTM/AASHTO standards in sieve analysis of aggregate.
b) Calculate the fineness modulus of fine aggregates.
c) Identify the application of particle size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates
particularly in concrete mix design.

4.3. Objectives of the Experiment

The objective of this experiment is to determine the particle size distribution of coarse and fine
aggregates by sieving

4.4. Principle of the Experiment

This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as
aggregates or being used as aggregates. The results are used to determine compliance of the
particle size distribution with applicable specification requirements and to provide necessary
data for control of the production of various aggregate products and mixtures containing
aggregates. The data may also be useful in developing relationships concerning porosity and
packing.

Fineness Modulus (FM) is used in determining the degree of uniformity of the

aggregate gradation. It is an empirical number relating to the fineness of the aggregate.
The higher the FM is, the coarser the aggregate is.

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = (𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 + 𝐴𝑔𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠) − (𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒)

 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 𝑥 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

= % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 + % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 100% − 𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒

Σ(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠𝐹𝐴 =
100

Note: Do not include the mass (weight) of the container used in the computation.

4.5. Materials / Equipment

Balance
Sieve
Mechanical Sieve Shaker
Source of Heat (Oven / Stove)
Container
Scoop / Hand Shovel
Source of Heat (stove / oven)
Container (enough to hold the specimens)
Scoop/Shovel
Gloves
Labelling Devices

4.6. Procedure

1. Take a representative of oven dried sample of coarse and fine aggregates (preferably
samples used in the previous experiment, Moisture Content of Fine and Coarse Aggregate.
2. Weigh the mass of coarse and fine aggregates separately.
3. Weigh the mass of each sieve including the pan (making sure sieves are clean and free from
any other particles).
4. Prepare a stack of sieve where sieves having larger openings (with lower numbers) placed
above sieves with smaller openings. The bottommost part should be a pan to collect
portions of aggregates passing the 3/8” and #100 for coarse and fine aggregates
respectively.
5. Pour the coarse (fine) aggregates into the stack of sieve and cover it. Put the stack of sieve
in the mechanical sieve shaker (making sure clamps are tightly screwed) and get the shaker
going for about 10 minutes.

Sunday, February 21, 2021 2

6. Turn off the sieve shaker and record the mass (weight) of each sieve + aggregates including
those on the pan.
7. Calculate the mass (weight) retained, cumulative mass (weight) retained, percentage
retained, cumulative percentage retained and the percent passing.
Note: The total mass of the coarse (fine) aggregates after sieving should be check closely
with the original mass (weight) of the sample placed on the sieve. If the amounts differ by
more than 0.3% based on the original dry mass sample, the result should not be used for
acceptance purposes

4.6.1. Data and Results

Table 1.1: Sample 1 Coarse Aggregates

Sieve Weight of Weight of Weight Percentage Cumulative Percent

Size Sieve Sieve + Retained Retained Percentage Passing
Aggregates Retained
(mm) (grams) (grams) (grams) (%) (%) (%)
19 2240 2386 146 4.7697 4.7697 95.2303
13.2 2620 3151 531 17.3473 22.1170 77.8830
9.5 2485 2871 386 12.6103 34.7273 65.2728
6.7 2415 2725 310 10.1274 44.8547 55.1454
4.75 2465 2678 213 6.9585 51.8132 48.7749
Pan 1845 3320 1475 48.1869 100 0
Total 14070 17131 3061 100

Table 2.2: Sample 2 Coarse Aggregates

Sieve Weight of Weight of Weight Percentage Cumulative Percent

Size Sieve Sieve + Retained Retained Percentage Passing
Aggregates Retained
(mm) (grams) (grams) (grams) (%) (%) (%)
19 2240 2256 16 0.5332 0.5332 99.4668
13.2 2620 3340 720 23.9920 24.5252 75.4748
9.5 2485 4400 1915 63.8120 88.3372 11.6628
6.7 2415 2730 315 10.4965 98.8337 1.1663
4.75 2465 2500 35 1.1663 100 0
Pan 1845 1845 0 0 100 0
Total 14070 17131 3001 100

Note: Maximum Size Aggregates is the size of sieve next above the largest sieve that has 15% of the sample
coarser than it (cumulative percentage retained

Sunday, February 21, 2021 3

Table 3.1: Sample 1 Fine Aggregates

Sieve Weight of Weight of Weight Percentage Cumulative Percent

Size Sieve Sieve + Retained Retained Percentage Passing
(mm) Aggregates Retained
(grams) (grams) (grams) (%) (%) (%)
(mm)
4.75 540 542 2 1.1628 1.1628 98.8372
2.36 425 473.5 48.5 28.1977 29.3605 70.6395
1.18 450 476.5 26.5 15.4070 44.7675 55.2326
0.60 410 438.7 28.7 16.6860 61.4535 38.5465
0.30 370 403.4 33.4 19.4186 80.8721 19.1279
0.15 335 358.2 23.2 13.4884 94.3605 5.6395
0.075 320 329.4 9.4 5.4651 99.8256 0.1744
Pan 325 325.3 0.3 0.1744 100 0
Total 3175 3347 172 100

Table 4.2: Sample 2 Fine Aggregates

Sieve Weight of Weight of Weight Percentage Cumulative Percent

Size Sieve Sieve + Retained Retained Percentage Passing
(mm) Aggregates Retained
(grams) (grams) (grams) (%) (%) (%)
(mm)
4.75 540 546 6 1.9544 1.9544 98.0456
2.36 425 456 31 10.0977 12.0521 87.9479
1.18 450 480 30 9.7720 21.8241 78.1759
0.60 410 469 59 19.2182 41.0423 58.9577
0.30 370 477 107 34.8534 75.8975 24.1025
0.15 335 388 53 17.2638 93.1595 6.8405
0.075 320 341 21 6.8404 100 0
Pan 325 325 0 0 100 0
Total 3175 3347 307 100

Sunday, February 21, 2021 4

4.6.2. Calculation

FOR TABLE 1.1: SAMPLE 1 COARSE AGGREGATES

A. WEIGHT RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = (𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + 𝑨𝒈𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔) − 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝑊𝑅19 = 2386 − 2240

𝑊𝑅19 = 146 𝑔

𝑊𝑅13.5 = 3151 − 2620

𝑊𝑅13.5 = 531 𝑔

𝑊𝑅9.5 = 2871 − 2485

𝑊𝑅9.5 = 386 𝑔

𝑊𝑅6.70 = 2725 − 2415

𝑊𝑅6.70 = 310 𝑔

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 2678 − 2465

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 213 𝑔

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 3320 − 1845

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 1475 𝑔

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔 + 𝟓𝟑𝟏 + 𝟑𝟖𝟔 + 𝟑𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟓

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟏

B. PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

146
𝑃𝑅19 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅19 = 4.7697 %
531
𝑃𝑅13.2 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅13.2 = 17.3473 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 5

 386
𝑃𝑅9.5 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅9.5 = 12. 6103 %

310
𝑃𝑅6.7 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅6.7 = 10.1274 %

213
𝑃𝑅4.75 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅4.75 = 6.9585 %

1475
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 48.1869 %

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫

= 𝟒. 𝟕𝟔𝟗𝟕 + 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝟎𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟒 + 𝟔. 𝟗𝟓𝟖𝟓 + 𝟒𝟖. 𝟏𝟖𝟔
𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %

C. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

= % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝐶𝑃𝑅19 = 4.7697 + 0
𝐶𝑃𝑅19 = 4.7697 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅13.2 = 17.3473 + 4.7697

𝐶𝑃𝑅13.2 = 22.1170 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅9.5 = 12.6103 + 22.1170

𝐶𝑃𝑅9.5 = 34.7273 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅6.7 = 10.1274 + 34.7273

𝐶𝑃𝑅6.7 = 44.8547 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 6.9585 + 44.8547

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 51.8132 %
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 48.1869 + 51.8132
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 6

 D. PERCENT PASSING

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

𝑃𝑃19 = 100 − 4.7697

𝑃𝑃19 = 95.2303 %

𝑃𝑃13.2 = 100 − 22.1170

𝑃𝑃13.2 = 77.8830 %

𝑃𝑃9.5 = 100 − 34.7273

𝑃𝑃9.5 = 65.2728 %

𝑃𝑃6.7 = 100 − 44.8547

𝑃𝑃6.7 = 55.1454 %

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 100 − 51.8132

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 48.7749 %

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 %

E. FINENESS MODULUS

Σ(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠𝐶𝐴 =
100

Σ(4.7697 + 22.1170 + 34.7273 + 44.8547 + 51.8132)

𝐹𝑀𝐶𝐴 =
100

𝐹𝑀𝐶𝐴 = 1.5828

Sunday, February 21, 2021 7

 FOR TABLE 1.2: SAMPLE 2 COARSE AGGREGATES

A. WEIGHT RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = (𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + 𝑨𝒈𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔) − 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝑊𝑅19 = 2256 − 2240

𝑊𝑅19 = 16 𝑔

𝑊𝑅13.5 = 3340 − 2620

𝑊𝑅13.5 = 720 𝑔

𝑊𝑅9.5 = 4400 − 2485

𝑊𝑅9.5 = 1915 𝑔

𝑊𝑅6.70 = 2730 − 2415

𝑊𝑅6.70 = 315 𝑔

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 2500 − 2465

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 35 𝑔

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 1845 − 1845

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 𝑔

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟕𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟎

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝒈

B. PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

16
𝑃𝑅19 = × 100%
3001
𝑃𝑅19 = 0.5332 %

720
𝑃𝑅13.2 = × 100%
3001
𝑃𝑅13.2 = 23.9920 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 8

 1915
𝑃𝑅9.5 = × 100%
3001
𝑃𝑅9.5 = 63.8120 %

315
𝑃𝑅6.7 = × 100%
3001
𝑃𝑅6.7 = 10.4965 %

35
𝑃𝑅4.75 = × 100%
3001
𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.1663 %

0
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = × 100%
3061
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 %

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫

= 0.5332 + 23.9920 + 63.8120 + 10.4965 + 1.1663
𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %

C. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

= % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝐶𝑃𝑅19 = 0.5332 + 0
𝐶𝑃𝑅19 = 0.5332 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅13.2 = 23.9920 + 0.5332

𝐶𝑃𝑅13.2 = 24.5252 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅9.5 = 63.8120 + 24.5252

𝐶𝑃𝑅9.5 = 88.3372 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅6.7 = 10.4965 + 88.3372

𝐶𝑃𝑅6.7 = 98.8337 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.1663 + 98.8337

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 100 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 9

 𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 + 100
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 %

D. PERCENT PASSING

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

𝑃𝑃19 = 100 − 0.5332

𝑃𝑃19 = 99.4668 %

𝑃𝑃13.2 = 100 − 24.5252

𝑃𝑃13.2 = 75.4748%

𝑃𝑃9.5 = 100 − 88.3372

𝑃𝑃9.5 = 11.6628%

𝑃𝑃6.7 = 100 − 98.8337

𝑃𝑃6.7 = 1.1663 %

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 0 %

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 %

E. FINENESS MODULUS

Σ(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠𝐶𝐴 =
100

Σ(0.5332 + 24.5252 + 88.3372 + 98.8337 + 100)

𝐹𝑀𝐶𝐴 =
100

𝐹𝑀𝐶𝐴 = 3.1223

Sunday, February 21, 2021 10

 FOR TABLE 2.1: SAMPLE 1 FINE AGGREGATES

A. WEIGHT RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = (𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + 𝑨𝒈𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔) − 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 542 − 540

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 2 𝑔

𝑊𝑅2.36 = 473.5 − 425

𝑊𝑅2.36 = 48.5 𝑔

𝑊𝑅1.18 = 476.5 − 450

𝑊𝑅1.18 = 26.5 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.60 = 438.7 − 410

𝑊𝑅0.60 = 28.7 𝑔

0𝑊𝑅0.30 = 403.4 − 370

𝑊𝑅0.30 = 33.4 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.15 = 358.2 − 335

𝑊𝑅0.15 = 23.2 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.075 = 329.4 − 320

𝑊𝑅0.075 = 9.4 𝑔

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 325.3 − 325

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0.3 𝑔

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫

= 𝟐 + 𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 + 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓 + 𝟐𝟖. 𝟕 + 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒 + 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐 + 𝟗. 𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟑
𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐 𝒈

Sunday, February 21, 2021 11

 B. PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

2
𝑃𝑅4.75 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.1628 %

48.5
𝑃𝑅2.36 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅2.36 = 28.1977 %

26.5
𝑃𝑅1.18 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅1.18 = 15.4070 %

28.7
𝑃𝑅0.60 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅0.60 = 16.6860 %

33.4
𝑃𝑅0.30 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅0.30 = 19.4186 %

23.2
𝑃𝑅0.15 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅0.15 = 13.4884 %

9.4
𝑃𝑅0.075 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅0.075 = 5.4651 %

0.3
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = × 100%
172
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0.1744 %

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫

= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟖 + 𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕 + 𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟎 + 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟔
+ 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟒 + 𝟓. 𝟒𝟔𝟓𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒
𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 12

 C. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

= % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.1628 + 0
𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.1628 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅2.36 = 28.1977 + 1.1628

𝐶𝑃𝑅2.36 = 29.3605 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅1.18 = 15.4070 + 29.3605

𝐶𝑃𝑅1.18 = 44.7675 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.60 = 16.6860 + 44.7675

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.60 = 61.4535 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.30 = 19.4186 + 61.4535

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.30 = 80.8721 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.15 = 13.4884 + 80.8721

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.15 = 94.3605 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.075 = 5.4651 + 94.3605

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.075 = 99.8256 %
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0.1744 + 99.8256
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 %

D. PERCENT PASSING

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 100 − 1.1628

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 98.8372 %

𝑃𝑃2.36 = 100 − 29.3605

𝑃𝑃2.36 = 70.6395 %

𝑃𝑃1.18 = 100 − 44.7675

𝑃𝑃1.18 = 55.2326 %

𝑃𝑃0.60 = 100 − 61.4535

𝑃𝑃0.60 = 38.5465 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 13

 𝑃𝑃0.30 = 100 − 80.8721
𝑃𝑃0.30 = 19.1279 %

𝑃𝑃0.15 = 100 − 94.3605

𝑃𝑃0.15 = 5.6395 %

𝑃𝑃0.075 = 100 − 99.8256

𝑃𝑃0.075 = 0.1744 %

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 %

E. FINENESS MODULUS

Σ(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠𝐹𝐴 =
100

Σ(1.1628 + 29.3605 + 44.7675 + 61.4535 + 80.8721 + 94.3605)

𝐹𝑀𝐹𝐴 =
100

𝐹𝑀𝐹𝐴 = 3.1198

Sunday, February 21, 2021 14

 FOR TABLE 2.2: SAMPLE 2 FINE AGGREGATES

A. WEIGHT RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = (𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + 𝑨𝒈𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔) − 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 546 − 540

𝑊𝑅4.75 = 6 𝑔

𝑊𝑅2.36 = 456 − 425

𝑊𝑅2.36 = 31 𝑔

𝑊𝑅1.18 = 480 − 450

𝑊𝑅1.18 = 30 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.60 = 469 − 410

𝑊𝑅0.60 = 59 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.30 = 477 − 370

𝑊𝑅0.30 = 107 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.15 = 388 − 335

𝑊𝑅0.15 = 53 𝑔

𝑊𝑅0.075 = 341 − 320

𝑊𝑅0.075 = 21 𝑔

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 325 − 325

𝑊𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 𝑔

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟔 + 𝟑𝟏 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟓𝟗 + 𝟏𝟎𝟕 + 𝟓𝟑 + 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟎

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑾𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝒈

Sunday, February 21, 2021 15

 B. PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

6
𝑃𝑅4.75 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.9544 %

31
𝑃𝑅2.36 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅2.36 = 10.0977 %

30
𝑃𝑅1.18 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅1.18 = 9.7720 %

59
𝑃𝑅0.6 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅0.6 = 19.2182 %

107
𝑃𝑅0.3 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅0.3 = 34.8534 %

53
𝑃𝑅0.15 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅0.15 = 17.2638 %

21
𝑃𝑅0.075 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅0.075 = 6.8404 %

0
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥100
307
𝑃𝑅𝑃𝑎𝑛 = 0%

𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫

= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓𝟒𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟕 + 𝟗. 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟐 + 𝟑𝟒. 𝟖𝟓𝟑𝟒
+ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟖 + 𝟔. 𝟖𝟒𝟎𝟒 + 𝟎
𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑨𝑮𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑰𝑵𝑬𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 16

 C. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE RETAINED

𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

= % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆 + % 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆

𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.9544 + 0
𝐶𝑃𝑅4.75 = 1.9544 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅2.36 = 10.0977 + 1.9544

𝐶𝑃𝑅2.36 = 12.0521 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅1.18 = 9.7720 + 12.0521

𝐶𝑃𝑅1.18 = 21.8241 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.60 = 19.2182 + 21.8241

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.60 = 41.0423 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.30 = 34.8534 + 41.0423

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.30 = 75.8975 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.15 = 17.2638 + 75.8975

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.15 = 93.1595 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.075 = 6.8404 + 93.1595

𝐶𝑃𝑅0.075 = 100 %

𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 + 100
𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 %

D. PERCENT PASSING

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑪𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 100 − 1.9544

𝑃𝑃4.75 = 98.0456 %

𝑃𝑃2.36 = 100 − 12.0521

𝑃𝑃2.36 = 87.9479 %

𝑃𝑃1.18 = 100 − 21.8241

𝑃𝑃1.18 = 78.1759 %
𝑃𝑃0.60 = 100 − 41.0423
𝑃𝑃0.60 = 58.9577 %

Sunday, February 21, 2021 17

 𝑃𝑃0.30 = 100 − 75.8975
𝑃𝑃0.30 = 24.1025 %

𝑃𝑃0.15 = 100 − 93.1595

𝑃𝑃0.15 = 6.8405 %

𝑃𝑃0.075 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃0.075 = 0 %

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 100 − 100

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝑁 = 0 %

E. FINENESS MODULUS

Σ(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑠)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠𝐹𝐴 =
100

Σ(1.9544 + 12.0521 + 21.8241 + 41.0423 + 75.8975 + 93.1595)

𝐹𝑀𝐹𝐴 =
100

𝐹𝑀𝐹𝐴 = 2.4593

4.6.3. Observation (Minimum of 5 sentences)

Table 1.1 shows the particle size distribution of the sample 1 for coarse aggregates. As can
be seen, the sieve at the bottommost part or the pan has the highest weight retained which is
1475 grams that comprises 48.1869%. It only means that most of the coarse aggregates sample
is less than 4.75 mm in size that’s why it was able to passed through Sieve #4 with 4.75 mm
opening. On the other hand, for table 2.1 that shows the particle size distribution of the sample
1 for fine aggregates, we can say that the sample that was tested is well-distributed. This is
because there is a high amount of weight retained for sieve with 2.36 mm opening which is
48.5 grams that comprises 28.1977% and the sieve with 0.30 mm opening which is 33.4 grams
that comprises 19.4186. Meaning, the sizes of the fine aggregate sample tested were well-
distributed and within the average scale.

Additionally, for the percent passing which refers to the amount of material from a sample
that is smaller than a certain size and cumulative percentage retained should be interpreted. As
can be seen in table 1, for sieve with 19 mm opening, it has a 95.2303% which means that
95.2303% of the coarse aggregates passed through that sieve and 4.7697% (which is 100-
95.2303% that we refer as cumulative percentage retained) was retained or stayed on that sieve.
To further strengthen the observation mentioned above about the bottommost part of the sieve

Sunday, February 21, 2021 18

in coarse aggregates which is the pan, the percent passing is 0% and the cumulative percentage
retained is 100%, meaning – almost everything stayed on that particular sieve/pan. Moreover,
for the table 2 for fine aggregates sample 1, for the sieve with 4.75 mm opening, percent passing
is 98.8372% which means that 98.8372% of the fine aggregates passed through that sieve and
only 1.1628% stayed or retained, meaning there are very few amounts of fine aggregates that
is larger than 4.75 mm.

Lastly, the fineness modulus is used in specifying the proportions of fine and coarse
aggregates when designing concrete mixes. The higher the value of fineness modulus, the
coarser the aggregate. Generally, a lower fineness modulus results in more paste. As can be
observed in sample 1 and 2 for both fine and coarse aggregates, test sample 2 are more accurate
compared to test sample 1. For test sample 1, fine aggregate as a fineness modulus of 3.1198
which is higher than the fineness modulus of coarse aggregates with a value of 1.5828.
However, considering sample 2, fineness modulus of coarse aggregates is higher than the fine
aggregates with a value of 3.1223 and 2.4593 respectively. These data and results from test
sample 2 are more acceptable and valid as we are expecting to obtain higher fineness modulus
for coarse aggregates since it is coarser and lower value for fine aggregates since it is finer,
making the concrete easier to finish.

4.6.4. Conclusion/s (Minimum of 5 sentences)

Concrete is the most widely used material for construction of vertical structures like tall
buildings and horizontal structures like road, highways and bridges. The main reason behind
this is that concrete is one of the cheapest and readily available material in the market. It is a
mixture of paste and aggregates and these aggregates significantly influence the fundamental
properties of concrete. Since fine and coarse aggregates are involved, particle size distribution
should be considered. Through this experiment, sieve analysis was performed to calculate the
size of the soil sample. Sieve analysis or gradation test determines the distribution of aggregate
particles by size within a given sample. This information can then be used to determine
compliance with design and production requirements.

The virtual experiment facilitated in the Labster started by wearing lab gown, gloves and
helmet for preventive measures. This first step is very crucial to ensure the safety of people or
engineers that will perform the test, this shouldn’t be neglected to avoid any accidents.
Additionally, with regards to the virtual experiment that we performed, I concluded that since
it is just a simulation, actions and the steps that we can do is only limited and there are some
discrepancies between the results in this experiment and the actual experiment performed in
the laboratory. The following are the things that can be done in the actual lab: (a) The quartering
method or the separation of sample size should be considered to avoid any bias and to make
sure that the soil samples that we will be getting is within the average scale. (b) The original
weight of the sample aggregates before the sieve analysis was not given, therefore, we are
unable to check if the total weight retained is within 0.30% of the original weight. (c) During
the experiment, we were informed that the original weight should be the same with the total

Sunday, February 21, 2021 19

 weight retained. If we are to perform in the actual laboratory, the total weight retained will be
less than the original sample since some of these aggregates has been stuck in the sieve, but
again it should be within 0.30% of the original weight for the result to be valid and accepted.

To sum it all up, the purpose of the experiment was achieved however as mentioned, there
were some discrepancy and limitations during the experiment especially because we are doing
it virtually. As recommendation and a reflection as well, everything will be easier with face-
to-face classes as the laboratory works will be done in the actual environment, using the actual
lab equipment and lab manual with the supervision of the instructor. Additionally, in this set-
up, students will be excited to conduct the experiment by themselves and getting mesmerized
by the results and by seeing how a certain equipment works like the mechanical sieve shaker–
leading them not only to learn and understand better but to enjoy the process.

4.7. References

ASTM C136. (1996). Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.
West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.

Sunday, February 21, 2021 20