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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongation
particles. Flaky and elongation particles are considered undesirable as they cause weakness
of the pavement. Rounded aggregates are preferred in cement concrete pavements as the
workability of concrete improves. Regular shapes of particles are desirable for granular
base course due to increased stability desired from better interlocking. When the shape of
aggregates deviates more from the spherical shape, as in the case of angular, flaky and
elongation aggregate the void content increase and hence the grain size distribution of the
aggregates has to be suitable altered in order to obtain minimum voids in the dry mix on the
maximum density.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the flakiness and elongation indices of the given aggregate sample.
Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness (smallest dimension)
of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve size. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is
found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the
mass of the sample tested. This test is not applicable to aggregate passing 6.30mm sieve and
retained as 63.0 mm sieve.
1
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
3.1 Apparatus
1. Metal thickness gauge (Figure 1.0)
2. Test sieve, balance, trays, etc.
Where x1, x2,…etc. are the weight of the fractions passing from the thickness gauge.
w1, w2…etc are the weight of the original sample retained as the corresponding sieve
2
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
Where: y1, y2, y3, ….weight of the fractions not passing through the length gauge
w1, w2, w3,….are the weight of the original sample on the corresponding sieve.
3
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
4
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
REFERENCES
British Standards Methods of determination of particle shape BS 812, Part 105, 1989.
Kenneth N. derucher and George P .Korfiatis, Material for civil and highway engineers, Prentice
Hall, NJ 2nd edition, 1988.
Harold N. Attkins, Highway materials, soils and concretes, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 1990.
5
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
Summary of Flakiness & Elongation Index Test (BS 812 Part: III)
6
Faculty :
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department :
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering
Title :
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST
(FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
6.0 DISCUSSION
a) Determine wheather the aggregate tasted meets Malaysian standard requirement
7.0 CONCLUSION