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08 Discrete Control PDF
08 Discrete Control PDF
Topics:
Additional elements:
OR function is expressed as
Y = X1+X2
__
X2 X2
Y2
Y1
X1
Y1
X1
X1+Y1
Y1
X1
X1+Y1
Truth Table
(a) NAND C Y
C
X1
(b) NOR
X2
Y
C
(a) What is the truth table? (b) What is the Boolean logic expression?
(c) What is the logic network diagram (in ISO symbol terminology)? (d)
What is the ladder logic diagram?
Assume X1 and X2 are the first and second switches and Y is the
output
Inputs Output
X1 X2 Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
(b) Boolean logic expression for this operation corresponds to the AND logic
gate, thus:
Y = X1 . X2
(c) The logic network diagram for the operation (in ISO symbol terminology) is
as follows:
( X1 Y1) X2
Inputs
The process for each instruction involves three steps for each rung:
The time to perform the three steps (scan time) varies between 1 and 25
msec
PLC’s are used to replace hardwired logic in older machines. This can
reduce the downtime and maintenance of older equipment
Food processing
Text-based languages:
1. Instruction List (IL) - low-level computer language
2. Structured Text – high-level computer language
Ladder Logic keeps the field devices, but the mechanical relay is
eliminate.
PLC processor and program are located between the input and output
modules.
Command Description
STR Store a new input and start a new rung of the ladder
AND Logical AND referenced with the previously entered element. This is interpreted as a
series circuit relative to the previously entered element
OR Logical OR referenced with the previously entered element. This is interpreted as a
parallel circuit relative to the previously entered element
NOT Logical NOT or inverse of the entered element
TMR Timer element. Requires one input signal to initiate timing sequence. Output is
delayed relative to input by a duration specified by the programmer in see in
seconds. Resetting the timer is accomplished by interrupting the input signal.
CTR Counter element. Requires two inputs: One is the incoming pulse train that is
counted by the CTR element, the other is the reset signal indicating a restart of the
counting procedure.
An industrial robot performs a machine loading and unloading operation. A PLC is used as the
robot cell controller.
- The cell operates as follows:
(1) a human worker places a workpart into a nest,
(2) the robot reaches over and picks up the part and places it into an induction heating coil,
(3) a time of 10 seconds is allowed for the heating operation, and
(4) the robot reaches in and retrieves the part and places it on an outgoing conveyor.
- A limit switch X1 (normally open) will be used in the nest to indicate part presence in step (1).
- Output contact Y1 will be used to signal the robot to execute step (2) of the work cycle.
- This is an output contact for the PLC, but an input interlock for the robot controller.
- Timer T1 will be used to provide the 10 second delay in step (3).
- Output contact Y2 will be used to signal the robot to execute step (4).
Required:
(a) Construct the ladder logic diagram for the system.
(b) Write the low level language statements for the system using the PLC instruction in the
previous slide