Corporate System

Technological University of Santiago

UTESA (Enclosure Moca)

Matter:
English IV

Presented to:
Rosaura Lantigua
Topic:
Preservation and Care of the Environment
Presented by:
Adalgisa Gil ------------------------ 1-17-8056

Deadline:
April 15, 2019
Moca, Rep. Dom.
Introduction
Around the world, national economies are based on goods and services derived
from ecosystems. Human life depends on them; however, development priorities
have focused on the resources that can be extracted from ecosystems, without
taking into account the impact of these actions.

Ignorance, ambition, greed and carelessness can ignore the natural limits of
ecosystems. Poverty also forces many people to endanger the ecosystems on which
they depend, even when they are aware, for example, that they are extracting
timber or fish at unsustainable levels.

If we continue with current patterns of consumption, it is almost certain that we

will face a decrease in the capacity of ecosystems to produce all their benefits,
from clean water to a stable climate, from firewood to food crops. Therefore, it is
necessary to recognize that the conservation of the environment is essential for our
survival, as well as sustainable use is essential to achieve it.

It is important to highlight that, beyond the policies, the care of the environment
must be reflected in the daily actions. Actions that promote the conservation of the
environment can be implemented at home, at school and in the community in
general. Some easy actions to implement are: separating the materials that are part
of the trash for recycling, reusing the plastic bags that the supermarkets provide,
avoiding the use of disposable items, such as cups and cardboard plates or plastic
cutlery, keeping the food in durable containers, do not abuse aluminum foil, and
avoid utensils and toys that run on batteries.

Only with the participation and commitment of all will it be possible to stop the
deterioration of the environment and ensure its conservation for future generations.
Conservation of the environment:

Environmental conservation, conservation of species, conservation of nature or

protection of nature are some of the names with which different ways of protecting
and preserving nature, the environment, or specifically some of its parts are known
for the future: the flora and the fauna, the different species, the different
ecosystems, the landscape values, etc. With this concept, we can be clear that due
to the terrible management that man has done with the resources of the
environment, and because of the situation in which we now face an urgent process
of safeguarding our resources for a promising future.

By abusing or misusing the natural resources that are obtained from the
environment, we put it in danger and exhaust it. The air and water are being
contaminated, the forests are disappearing, due to fires and excessive exploitation
and the animals are becoming extinct due to the excess of hunting and fishing.

The mission to protect the environment

The Environment is important for everyone's life, that is why we must take care of
it and conserve it for the good of ourselves and of all the living beings that inhabit
our planet. Causes such as the destruction of the ozone layer, water pollution,
carbon dioxide, acidification, soil erosion, chlorinated hydrocarbons and other
causes of pollution such as oil spills are destroying our planet, but the "cause that
causes other causes "we are ourselves ..., there are people who do not mind
throwing a can in the street or a paper, or anything else, knowing that more and
more are polluting the environment, it would be right to place garbage or waste in
the trash can or take it to the nearest dumpster on the street, with regard to air
pollution, drivers should look for a way that their vehicle does not cause so much
carbon dioxide, which is totally harmful as well as the acids used for plants, also
insecticides and other chemical sprays, for the ozone layer that is very important
for us because it protects us from ultraviolet rays s of the sun. They are just some
causes that afflict and destroy the advances of taking care of one way and
continuously destroying small progress on the other.

Biodiversity and Natural Resources

Biodiversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms found on the planet.
This biological variety is very large and implies an important and unsuspected
natural potential yet to be discovered.

Currently, it is considered that there are four zones on the earth's surface with a
very high biological diversity: The Amazon region, the island of Madagascar, the
tropical forests of Central Africa and Southeast Asia. Some studies consider that,
in these areas, which cover almost 14% of the earth's surface, more than 80% of all
the plant and animal species recognized so far are represented.

Brazil is the country with the highest biodiversity in the world. In the American
territory also include Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador and Peru. Because of their great
biodiversity, they are all considered megadiverse countries.

Peru is a country with a diversity of enormous ecosystems. It has been determined

that, on a global scale, the largest numbers of mammals, reptiles, birds, butterflies
and dragonflies were recorded in different localities of the Peruvian Amazon. Of a
total of 117 life zones theoretically existing in the world, 84 have been identified in
Peruvian territory. The maximum of global diversity of flora is concentrated in
three Andean countries: Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In this region, more than
40,000 species are found in barely 2% of the earth's surface.

All this variety and richness lives in the different Peruvian ecosystems that go from
the arid deserts of the Pacific coast to the humid tropical forests of the Amazon,
passing through the snow-capped peaks and temperate valleys of the Andes and the
punas frosts of the Altiplano.

In all parts of the world, the population uses the natural resources of its
environment and performs different activities to meet their needs.

Classification of Natural Resources

According to their possibilities of recovery or regeneration, natural resources are

classified as:

Perennial Resources (Inexhaustible).

They have a permanent status, as they do not deplete or alter their quality. Solar
energy is used to generate electricity thanks to the technology of photovoltaic
panels. The use of this kind of energy favors sustainable development because it
comes from a source that does not run out and that, moreover, is not polluting.

Potentially Renewable Resources.

They are those that have the ability to reproduce or recover if they are used in a
sustainable manner. These resources are water, air, soil, flora and fauna. In the case
of water and air, they are considered potentially renewable and not perennial
because their quality deteriorates due to pollution.

Non-renewable natural resources.

They are those that do not renew, do not reproduce or increase naturally. These
resources have their origin in geological processes; therefore, its formation takes
place at very long times and in specific conditions that are difficult to repeat. As
with mineral, oil, gas and coal deposits.
Conservation of natural resources

The use of natural resources has almost always been done in a disorderly manner
or with little planning.

To ensure that resources meet the needs of the population, and that, at the same
time, the next generations have access to well-being, it is necessary that resources
be used in a sustainable manner. If this were not possible, as in the use of non-
renewable resources, alternative means would have to be found to meet existing
needs. Having modern technologies to replace or reduce the use of some natural
resources is not the only way to ensure their existence.

In each locality, throughout its historical development, ways of using resources

without putting them in danger have been created. These traditional technologies
include the use of platforms, ridges, ways to preserve food, vertical control of
ecological floors and temporary displacements to let the floors rest.

Environmental pollution

It is the incorporation into the environment of physical, chemical or biological

substances or elements.

These substances or elements are considered contaminants if they affect the

composition or normal characteristics of the medium. Pollutants are harmful to
man and other living beings.

Due to the type of environment affected, the contamination can be hydric,

atmospheric or edaphic.

For a long time, human beings coexisted with nature without seriously affecting it.
The human decentralization was a fact of greater impact. By occupying spaces
permanently, societies adapted the environment to their needs and generated more
waste.

Technological and demographic revolution

At the end of the 18th century a process of transformation began that continued
during the 19th century and was accentuated in the 20th. The origin of the change
was the Industrial Revolution. This was developed thanks to radical
transformations in technology that over time permanently altered the ecological
balance of the Earth. The factories, which produced profound changes in
production systems throughout the world, required more resources.

For example, the cultivation of cotton in India was expanded and rubber
exploitation began in the Amazon area.

Industrialization also required sources of highly polluting energy, such as coal and
oil. In the twentieth century, plant fibers were replaced by synthetic products,
which, unlike the previous ones, are not decomposed by natural agents. At the
same time, the population began an accelerated growth, which increased the
harmful effects on the environment. In the twentieth century, growth has exploded.
A larger population has demanded more food, clothing, more spaces to inhabit,
increasing the urban population and deserting the valleys. Urban waste is
increasing, and many of them are not recyclable.

The global environmental problems

Environmental problems:

Organic discharges affect lagoons, lakes and inland seas, causing the growing
population to have less and less drinking water.

Thermal pollution, by the increase in the production of electrical energy.

Pollution by industrial waste and urban waste.

Deforestation has affected vast stretches of the planet almost untouched until this
century (for example, the Amazon Rainforest). One of its consequences is the
constant loss of the biodiversity of the species.

Desertification occurs when previously very productive areas lose fertility and
ability to reproduce. Human activities can accelerate this process, due to
overexploitation of the soil (by agriculture or grazing), pollution and clearing of
forests.

Acid rain is rain polluted by the bad combustion of coal and the emission in the
atmosphere of industrial gases (sulfur oxide, which forms the smog). This rain
burns the leaves of the plants and damages the buildings. The best-known case is
the degradation of the Black Forest in Germany.

Acoustic or noise pollution is a process that affects the environment and is

produced by the presence of noise at intensities greater than those normally
supported by the human ear.

Urban Pollution

Cities are often centering of pollution.

For the high emanations of the automotive park.

The toxic emanations of the factories.

The poor management of solid waste (garbage) and liquids (sewage) from
households and industries

Impact of economic activities

Mining:

It modifies the surface of the land, with what can cause that the cultivated areas or
of forests are devastated, leaving a sterile atmosphere.

Contaminates the air with toxic gases, dust and chemical elements used throughout
the process.

It affects the quality of the water resource.

Fishing

It affects the seabed, because fishing methods are used (drag) that destroy that
ecosystem.

Water and air, product of emissions of waste and fumes generated by factories.

To biomass, consequence of overfishing.

Agricultural activities

The land that already works is worn out.

Misuse generates erosion problems.

Pollution in the soil caused by solid, liquid and gaseous waste from the activity
(pesticides, fertilizers, carcasses of animals).

Industry

It generates liquid waste (oils, fuels, acids), solids (metals), gases and noise that
require adequate treatment.

Transport and communications

Air and sound pollution.

Land transport (due to its larger size) due to the emission of smoke with pollutants
such as sulfur, lead and zinc; and with noise generation.

Conservation of the Environment

Protecting the planet for future generations does not mean renouncing our lives or
abandoning daily activities. There are worldwide measures on the part of
specialized organizations responsible for this subject and simple habits and
common sense, each of us can save energy, reduce pollution that affects the
temperature of the Earth, and conserve our natural resources limited.

That is why through a set of personal or group actions we can improve or maintain
the original characteristics of natural resources. Under this concept, limited, careful
and responsible use of resources is invited without causing permanent damage.
Using resources and using them in a moderate way thinking about the great value
they have for the life of current generations and those of tomorrow.

Reasons for Environmental Conservation

The conservation of nature is justified for economic, scientific, cultural, ethical,

social and legal reasons.

1. For economic reasons, since the development with reasonable use of natural
resources is more profitable in the long term than that which destroys natural
resources. The degradation of resources leads to economic losses for the country.

2. Scientific reasons of great weight justify the conservation of the environment.

The conservation of natural areas, with their flora and fauna, preserves important
genetic material for the future, since all domestic species derive from wild species
and these are very sought after to genetically renew livestock and current crops.
Many crops are affected by diseases and pests due to genetic weakening. The
backcross with wild species gives them back the resistance.

3. Many areas must be conserved for cultural reasons, with the human populations
they contain. In the highlands and in the Amazon, human groups have developed
with techniques and cultural manifestations of great importance, which should not
disappear. Music, dance, language, architecture, handicrafts, historical remains,
etc., are important aspects of a country's wealth and are part of its heritage.

4. For ethical or moral reasons, man has no right to destroy his environment and
biodiversity. Nature, natural resources, culture and, in general, the whole
environment, are the heritage of a nation and of all humanity. Natural resources
and the environment are the heritage of the nation, and the State is in charge of
conserving the common good, with the participation of citizens.
conclusion

Today the world suffers from pollution, oil, industrial, chemical and nuclear
accidents, the loss of fertile land, the misuse of water, the destruction of forests, the
gradual sterilization of the seas and the waste of energy.

The conservation of the environment is the set of personal or group actions to

improve and maintain the original characteristics of natural resources.

It is the limited, careful and responsible use of resources without causing

permanent damage. Is to use them and use them in a moderate way thinking about
the great value they have for the life of current generations and tomorrow.

Conserve nature and natural resources is, consequently, one of the urgent needs for
the survival of humanity. Therefore, conservation is justified for economic,
scientific, cultural, ethical, social and legal reasons.

Fortunately, man has begun to become aware of the consequences of his actions
and many people, institutions and companies have begun to worry about
conserving our environment.

That is why, we must take measures to preventively carry out the conservation of
the environment from our possibilities. Our participation is important and measures
must be taken.

Conservation implies the diversity of the entire natural world and the reserve of
options for a future election. Conservation implies a dynamic balance between man
and natural resources, in contrast to the pursuit of unlimited economic growth.
Conservation, in its broad sense, gradually becomes a way of life. More and more
people are accepting the concepts of conservation to govern their lives according to
them.