Virtual Calculator

Excellent use of Virtual calculator for GATE-2016

It is an interactive PDF file just click on the content and you will be directed to the required page

For all Branch of Engineering For Mechanical Engineering

General Instructions Production Engineering Strength of Materials
Theory of Metal Cutting Elongation
Some functions
Thermal Stress
1. Exp Shear angle
Principal stresses
Shear strain Deflection of Beams
2. ln
Velocity relations Bending stresses
3. log Torsion
Merchant Circle
4. logyx Spring
Force Relations Theories of column
5. ex
Turning Theories of Failure
6. 10x
Specific Energy Theory of Machines
7. xy Linear Interpolation Frequency
𝒚 Transmissibility ratio
8. 𝒙 Tool life equation
Thermodynamics
9. 𝒙 Linear regression
SFEE
10. √ Economics Entropy Change
Metrology Available Energy
11.1/x
Rolling Heat and Mass Transfer
12.sin cos tan sinh cosh tanh
Conduction
Forging
13. sin-1 cos-1 tan-1 sinh-1 cosh- Unsteady Conduction
Extrusion Heat Exchanger
1 tanh-1
Wire Drawing Radiation
14. Factorial n (n!)
Sheet Metal Operation Industrial Engineering
15. Linear Interpolation Forecasting
Casting
16. Linear regression Regression Analysis
Welding
Optimum run size
Machine Tools
ECM Calculation
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General Instructions
 Operation procedures and sequence of operations are totally different in Virtual
calculator. Hence all students are requested to practice the following procedures.
 It is very weak calculator, can’t handle large equation at a time, we have to
calculate part by part.
 Use more and more bracket for calculations
 BODMAS rule should be followed
B → Bracket
O → Order (Power and roots)
D → Division
M → Multiplication
A → Addition
S → Subtraction
 For answer must click on = [= means you have to click on this = button]
 In the starting of any calculation you must click on C
[ C means you have to click on this C button]
 For writing sin30 first write 30 and then click on sin (same procedure should be
follow for all trigonometric calculations)
[ sin means you have to click on this sin button]
 Here mod button is simply a showpiece never press mod button. It is indicating
calculator is in deg mode or in rad mode. For changing degree mode to radian
mode you have to press radio ⊙ button.

Some functions
1. Exp
It is actually power of 10

102 1 Exp 2 = 100

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200 GPa 200 Exp 9 = 2e+11 means 2 x 1011

Note: Instead of Exp we will use 10X button often.

2. ln
ln2 2 ln = 0.6931472

Note: you have to first type value then ln button.

2ln2 2 * 2 ln = 1.386294

3ln5 3 * 5 ln = 4.828314

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3. log
log100 100 log = 2

Note: you have to first type value then log button.

5 log50 5 * 50 log = 8.494850

4. logyx
log10100 100 logyx 10 = 2

Note: you have to first type value of x then logyx button then value of y. Logically
value of x should be given first then value of y.

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log550 50 logyx 5 = 2.430677

7log550 7 * ( 50 logyx 5 ) = 17.01474

Note: In this case ( ) is must. if you press 7 * 50 logyx it becomes

350 logx Base y and give wrong answer. But see in case of 5 log50 we simply use
5 * 50 log = 8.494850 and no need of ( ).

5. eX
e2 2 eX = 7.389056

Note: you have to first type value of x then eX button.

5 e2 5 * 2 eX = 36.94528

4 e(5 x 3.4 – 1) 4 * ( 5 x 3.4 – 1 ) eX = 3.554444e+7

6. 10X
102 2 10X = 100

Note: you have to first type value of x then 10X button.

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5 x 102 5 * 2 10X = 500

105/3 (5/3) 10X = 46.41592

1.4−1 (1.4−1)
10 1.4 10( 1.4
)
((1.4 − 1)/1.4) 10X = 1.930698

Or you may simplify

1.4−1 0.4
10 1.4 10(1.4) (0.4/1.4)10X = 1.930698

7. Xy
23 2 xy 3 = 8

Note: you have to first type value of x then xy button then value of y. Logically
value of x should be given first then value of y.

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𝛾 𝛾 1.4
𝑃2 𝛾−1 𝑃2 𝛾−1 5 1.4−1
⟹ ⟹
𝑃1 𝑃1 3
(5/3) xy 1.4/(1.4 – 1) = 5.111263

𝑦
8. 𝑥
5 𝑦
32 32 𝑥 5 = 2
𝑦
Note: you have to first type value of x then 𝑥 button then value of y. Logically
value of x should be given first then value of y.

5
We may use xy function also 32 = 321/5 = 32 xy (1/5) = 2

But in this case (1/5) is must you can’t use 32 xy 1/5 → wrong

9. 𝑥
−5 5 +/- = 𝑥 = 5

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10. √
√5 5 √ = 2.236068

Note: you have to first type value then √ button.

32 + 42 = 32 + 42 = ( 3 x2 + 4 x2 ) √ = 5

But

1 2 2 2
𝜍𝑒 = 𝜍1 − 𝜍2 + 𝜍2 − 𝜍3 + 𝜍3 − 𝜍1
2
1 2 2 2
𝜍𝑒 = 97.74 − 22.96 + 22.96 − 20 + 20 − 97.74
2

Using bracket also we can’t calculate it directly, we have to use M+

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97.74 − 22.96 x2 = 5592.048 M+ then press C button

22.96 − 20 x2 = 8.7616 M+ then press C button

20 − 97.74 x2 = 6043.508 M+ then press C button

Now Press MR button 11644.32 [ It is total value which is under root]

Now press √ button 107.9089

[ it is = 97.74 − 22.96 2 + 22.96 − 20 2 + 20 − 97.74 2 ]

Now divide it with √2

107.9089 / 2 √ = 76.30309
1
Therefore, 𝜍𝑒 = 97.74 − 22.96 2 + 22.96 − 20 2 + 20 − 97.74 2 = 76.30309
2

After the calculation you must press MC button.

11. 1/x
This is generally used at middle of calculation.

0.45𝑐𝑜𝑠12
1 − 0.45𝑠𝑖𝑛12

We first calculate 1 – 0.45sin12 then use 1/x button.

1 – 0.45 * 12 sin = 0.9064397

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Then press 1/x button 1.103217

Then multiply by 0.45 * 12 cos = 0.4855991

12. sin cos tan

 Calculator must be in degree mode.
 Always value should be given first then the function.

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 sin30 30 sin = 0.5

 cos45 45 cos = 0.707

 tan30 30 tan = 0.577

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sin230 (30 sin ) x2 = 0.25

cos245 (45 cos ) x2 = 0.5

tan230 (30 tan ) x2 = 0.3333333

 sin (A – B ) = sin (30-10.5)

(30 – 10.5 ) sin = 0.3338

 cos ( φ + β - α ) = cos (20.15 + 33 -10 )

( 20.15 + 33 - 10) cos = 0.729565

 tan (Φ - α ) = tan (17.3 – 10)

(17.3 – 10 ) tan = 0.128103
𝑕 2.0
 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 20 = 2.0/(20 sin ) x2 = 17.09726
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃

 same procedure for sinh cosh tanh

13. sin-1 cos-1 tan-1
 Calculator must be in degree mode. If needed in radians calculate by
multiplying /180. We may use in rad mode but i will not recommend it because
students forget to change the mode to degree and further calculations may go
wrong.

 sin-10.5 0.5 sin-1 = 30 degree

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 cos-10.5 0.5 cos-1 = 60 degree

 tan-10.5 0.5 tan-1 = 26.565 degree

 same procedure for sinh-1 cosh-1 tanh-1

14. Factorial n (n!)

 You have to first input the value the n! button.
 3! 3 n! = 6
 5! 5 n! = 120
 25! 25 n! = 1.551121 e+25 = 1.551121 x 1025

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15. Linear Interpolation formula

You have to first calculate upto last form

𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑥 − 𝑥1
=
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

1.8 − 0.8 𝑥 − 10
=
2.0 − 0.8 60 − 10

1.8 − 0.8
𝑥 − 10 = 60 − 10 ×
2.0 − 0.8

1.8 − 0.8
𝑥 = 10 + 60 − 10 ×
2.0 − 0.8

10 + (60 – 10) * (1.8 – 0.8) / (2.0 – 0.8) = 51.66667

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16. Linear regression analysis

Let us assume the equation which best fit the given data

y = A + Bx

First take summation of both sides ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

Next step multiply both side of original equation by x

xy = Ax + Bx2

Again take summation of both sides ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Just solve this two equations and find A and B

Example:

Data x y xy x2
1 1 1 1 x1 12
2 2 2 2x2 22
3 3 3 3x3 32
∑𝑥 = 6 ∑𝑦 = 6 ∑𝑥𝑦 = 14 ∑𝑥 2 = 14
For ∑𝑥 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑦 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑥𝑦 1 * 1 + 2 * 2 + 3 * 3 = 14

For ∑𝑥 2 Use M+ button

12 1 x2 M+ then press C button

22 2 x2 M+ then press C button

32 3 x2 M+ then press C button

Then press MR button, Therefore ∑𝑥 2 = 14

Now ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

or 6 = 3 𝐴 + 6𝐵 … … … … . . (𝑖)

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and ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

or 14 = 6A + 14 B … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Solving (i) and (ii) we get A = 0 and B = 1

y = 0 + 1. x is the solution.

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Production Engineering

Theory of Metal Cutting

Shear angle (Φ)

𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ = 1−𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = [We have to use one extra bracket in the denominator]
1−𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

0.45𝑐𝑜𝑠 12
𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ = 1−0.45𝑠𝑖𝑛 12

First find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛∅

0.45 * 12 cos / ( 1 – 0.45 * 12 sin ) = 0.4855991

Then find ∅

Just press button tan-1 25.901

Shear strain (γ)

𝛾 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡∅ + tan⁡
(∅ − 𝛼)

𝛾 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡17.3 + tan⁡
(17.3 − 10)

1
𝛾 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 17.3 + tan⁡
(17.3 − 10)

It is a long calculation; we have to use M+

1
= 1 / 17.3 tan = 3.210630 M+ then press C button
𝑡𝑎𝑛 17.3

(17.3 − 10) = (17.3 - 10) tan

tan⁡ = 0.1281029 M+

Then find 𝛾

Just press button MR 3.338732

(17.3 − 10) = 3.34

𝑇𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 ( 𝛾) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡17.3 + tan⁡

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Velocity relations
𝑉𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
=
𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅ − 𝛼

𝑉𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠10
=
2.5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 22.94 − 10

𝑐𝑜𝑠10
𝑉𝑠 = 2.5 ×
𝑐𝑜𝑠 22.94 − 10

2.5 * 10 cos / ((22.94 - 10) cos ) = 2.526173

Merchant Circle
𝑏𝑡 3×0.51
(i) 𝐹𝑠 = 𝜏𝑠 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∅ = 285 × [we have to use extra bracket for denominator]
𝑠𝑖𝑛 20.15

285 * 3 * 0.51 / (20.15 sin ) = 1265.824

(ii) 𝐹𝑠 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅ + 𝛽 − 𝛼

𝐹𝑠 1265.8
𝑂𝑟 𝑅 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅ + 𝛽 − 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 20.15 + 33 − 10

[We have to use extra bracket for denominator]

1265.8 / ((20.15 + 33 - 10) cos ) = 1735.005

Force Relations
𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ − 𝐹𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅

𝐹𝑠 = 900 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 − 600 𝑠𝑖𝑛30

900 * 30 cos - 600 * 30 sin = 479.4229

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Turning
(i) 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆 = 0.32 𝑠𝑖𝑛75

0.32 * 75 sin = 0.3091

𝐹 800
(ii) 𝑥
𝐹𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆 = [We have to use extra bracket for denominator]
𝑠𝑖𝑛 75

800 / ( 75 sin ) = 828.2209

Specific Energy
𝐹 800
𝑒 = 1000𝑐 𝑓𝑑 = [We have to use extra bracket for denominator]
1000 ×0.2×2

800 / ( 1000 * 0.2 * 2 ) = 2

Linear Interpolation formula

You have to first calculate upto last form

𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑥 − 𝑥1
=
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

1.8 − 0.8 𝑥 − 10
=
2.0 − 0.8 60 − 10

1.8 − 0.8
𝑥 − 10 = 60 − 10 ×
2.0 − 0.8

1.8 − 0.8
𝑥 = 10 + 60 − 10 ×
2.0 − 0.8

10 + (60 – 10) * (1.8 – 0.8) / (2.0 – 0.8) = 51.66667

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Tool life equation

(i) 𝑉1 𝑇1𝑛 = 𝑉2 𝑇2𝑛

or 100 × 10𝑛 = 75 × 30𝑛

100 30 𝑛
or =
75 10

4
or = 3𝑛
3

4
or 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑛𝑙𝑛3
3

4
𝑙𝑛
or 𝑛 = 3
[We have to use extra bracket for denominator]
𝑙𝑛 3

(4/3) ln / ( 3 ln ) = 0.2618593

(ii) Find C

C = 100 x 1200.3

100 * 120 xy 0.3 = 420.4887

𝑇1 𝑛 60 0.204
(iii) 𝑉3 = 𝑉1 × = 30 ×
𝑇3 30

30 * ( 60 / 30 ) xy 0.204 = 34.55664

1 1
90 0.45 60 0.3
(iv) >
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
90 0.45 60 0.3
or =
𝑥 𝑥

90 0.3 60 0.45
or = [Make power opposite]
𝑥 𝑥

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𝑥 0.45 60 0.45
or =
𝑥 0.3 900.3

60 0.45
or 𝑥 0.15
= = 60 xy 0.45 / 90 xy 0.30 = 1.636422
900.3
1
or 𝑥 = 1.636422 0.15

For finding x the just press button xy (1 / 0.15 ) = 26.66667

[Because in the calculator 1.636422 already present]

(v) Linear regression analysis

Let us assume the equation which best fit the given data

y = A + Bx

First take summation of both sides ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

Next step multiply both side of original equation by x

xy = Ax + Bx2

Again take summation of both sides ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Just solve this two equations and find A and B

Example:

Data X y xy x2
1 1 1 1 x1 12
2 2 2 2x2 22
3 3 3 3x3 32
∑𝑥 = 6 ∑𝑦 = 6 ∑𝑥𝑦 = 14 ∑𝑥 2 = 14
For ∑𝑥 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑦 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑥𝑦 1 * 1 + 2 * 2 + 3 * 3 = 14

For ∑𝑥 2 Use M+ button

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12 1 x2 M+ then press C button

22 2 x2 M+ then press C button

32 3 x2 M+ then press C button

Then press MR button, Therefore ∑𝑥 2 = 14

Now ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

or 6 = 3 𝐴 + 6𝐵 … … … … . . (𝑖)

and ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

or 14 = 6A + 14 B … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Solving (i) and (ii) we get A = 0 and B = 1

y = 0 + 1. x is the solution.

Economics in metal cutting

𝐶𝑡 1−𝑛
𝑇𝑜 = 𝑇𝑐 +
𝐶𝑚 𝑛

6.5 1 − 0.2
𝑇𝑜 = 3 +
0.5 0.2

To = ( 3 + 6.5 / 0.5 ) (1 – 0.2 ) / 0.2 = 64 min

Now 𝑉𝑜 𝑇𝑜𝑛 = 𝐶

or 𝑉𝑜 64 0.2
= 60
60
or 𝑉𝑜 = 64 0.2

60 / 64 xy 0.2 = 26.11 m/min

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Metrology
3
𝑖 = 0.45 𝐷 + 0.001𝐷
3
𝑖 = 0.45 97.98 + 0.001 × 97.98
𝒚
0.45 * 97.98 𝒙 3 = + 0.001 * 97.98 = 2.172535

Rolling
∆𝑕 5
cos 𝛼 = 1 − = 1−
𝐷 600

𝜶 = 1 - 5 / 600 = cos-1 = 7.40198o

If you want 𝛼 in radian after calculating 7.40198 just press * 𝜋/180 and you will
get 𝛼 = 0.129189 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛

Forging
𝜋𝑑 12 𝜋𝑑 22
(i) × 𝑕1 = × 𝑕2
4 4

𝑕1 50
𝑑2 = 𝑑1 × = 100 × = 100 × 2
𝑕2 25

100 * ( 50 / 25) √ = 141.4214

or 100 * 2 √ = 141.4214

6 1
(ii) 𝑥𝑠 = 48 − 𝑙𝑛
2×0.25 2×0.25

48 – (6 / 2 / 0.25 ) * (1 / 2 / 0.25 ) ln = 39.68223

𝑥𝑠 2𝐾
(iii) 𝐹𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2 0
𝑃𝑠 + 𝑥𝑠 − 𝑥 𝐵𝑑𝑥
𝑕

we have to first integrate without putting values

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𝑥𝑠
2𝐾 𝑥2
𝐹𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2𝐵 𝑃𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑠 𝑥 −
𝑕 2 0

2𝐾 𝑥 𝑠2
𝐹𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2𝐵 𝑃𝑠 𝑥𝑠 + 𝑥𝑠2 −
𝑕 2

𝐾
𝐹𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2𝐵 𝑃𝑠 𝑥𝑠 + 𝑥𝑠2
𝑕

4.04
𝐹𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2 × 150 × 16.16 × 39.68 + × 39.682
6

2 * 120 * ( 16.16 * 39.68 + ( 4.04 / 6 ) * 39.68 x2 ) = 510418.2

𝐹𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 510418.2 𝑁

𝐿
2𝜇
𝐿−𝑥
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 2 2𝐾𝑒 𝑕 𝐵𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑠

𝐿
2𝜇
𝐿−𝑥
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4𝐾𝐵 𝑒𝑕 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑠

2𝜇 𝐿
𝐿−𝑥
𝑒𝑕
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4𝐾𝐵
2𝜇
−
𝑕 𝑥𝑠

4𝐾𝐵 2𝜇
𝐿−𝑥 𝑠
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑒0 − 𝑒 𝑕
2𝜇
−
𝑕
2𝜇
2𝐾𝐵𝑕 𝐿−𝑥 𝑠
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑒 𝑕 −1 [Note: extra brackets are used]
𝜇

2 × 4.04 × 150 × 6 2×0.25

48−39.68
𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑒 6 −1
0.25

(2 * 4.04 * 150 * 6 / 0.25) * (((2 * 0.25/6) * (48 – 39.68)) ex - 1) =

This is very large calculation; this weak calculator can’t handle at once, we have
to calculate part by part

First calculate (2 * 4.04 * 150 * 6 / 0.25) = 29088

Then calculate (((2 * 0.25/6) * (48 – 39.68)) ex - 1) = 1.000372

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Now multiply both 29088 * 1.000372 = 29098.82

𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 29098.82 𝑁

𝐹𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐹𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐹𝑆𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 510418.2 + 29098.82 = 539517 𝑁 = 539.52 𝐾𝑁

Extrusion
𝜋𝑑𝑜2 𝑑𝑜
𝐹 = 2𝜍𝑜 × × 𝑙𝑛
4 𝑑𝑓

𝜋 × 82 5
𝐹 = 2 × 400 × 𝑙𝑛
4 4

It is a long calculation, after some part we press = button then further

multiplication is done .

2 * 400 * (𝝅 * 8 x2 / 4) = it gives 40212.38

Now 40212.38 * (5 / 4) ln = 8973.135 N

Wire Drawing
1+𝐵 𝑟 𝑓 2𝐵
(i) 𝜍𝑑 = 𝜍𝑜 1−
𝐵 𝑟𝑜

2×1.7145
1 + 1.7145 5
𝜍𝑑 = 400 × 1−
1.7145 6.25

It is a long calculation,
1+1.7145
First calculate, 400 × = 400 * (1 +1.7145) / 1.7145 = 633.3040
1.7145

Then calculate,

5 2×1.7145
1− = (1 –(5 / 6.25) xy (2 * 1.7145)) = 0.5347402
6.25

Now multiply 0.5347402 * 633.3040 = 338.65 MPa

[At that time in your calculator 0.5347402 is present just multiply it with
previous value 633.3040]

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1+𝐵 𝑟 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2𝐵 𝑟 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2𝐵

(ii) 𝜍𝑜 = 𝜍𝑜 1− + × 𝜍𝑏
𝐵 𝑟𝑜 𝑟𝑜

1 + 1.7145 𝑟𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2×1.7145 𝑟𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2×1.7145

400 = 400 × 1− + × 50
1.7145 6.25 6.25

𝑟 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2×1.7145
Let =𝑥
6.25

1+1.7145
or 400 = 400 × 1.7145
1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 × 50

1+1.7145
Calculate, 400 × = 400 * (1 +1.7145) / 1.7145 = 633.3
1.7145

or 400 = 633.3 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 × 50

633.3−400 𝑟 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 2×1.7145

or 𝑥 = ≈ 0.4 =
633.3−50 6.25

1
or 𝑟𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 6.25 × 0.4 2×1.7145

or 𝒓𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 6.25 * 0.4 xy (1 / 2 / 1.7145) = 4.784413 mm

Sheet Metal Operation

(i) 𝐶 = 0.0032𝑡 𝜏

𝐶 = 0.0032 × 1.5 × 294

0.0032 * 1.5 * 294 √ = 0.08230286 mm

(ii) 𝐹 = 𝐿𝑡𝜏

𝐹 = 2 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑡𝜏 = 2 100 + 50 × 5 × 300

2 * (100+50) * 5 * 300 = 450000 N = 450 KN

(iii) 𝐷 = 𝑑 2 + 4𝑑𝑕

𝐷= 252 + 4 × 25 × 15 [Extra bracket used]

( 25 x2 + 4 * 25 * 15) √ = 46.09772 mm

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𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 1.5
(iv) 𝑡𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = = [Extra bracket for denominator]
𝑒 𝜀 1 ×𝑒 𝜀 2 𝑒 0.05 ×𝑒 0.09

1.5 / ( 0.05 ex * 0.09 ex ) = 1.304038 mm

Casting
𝜋𝑑 2
(i) 𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = × 𝑕 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 − 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 × 𝑔
4

𝜋 × 0.1202
𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = × 0.180 × 11300 − 1600 × 9.81
4

( 𝝅 * 0.12 x2 / 4 ) * 0.18 * (11300 - 1600) * 9.81 = 193.7161 N

𝑉 2
(ii) 𝑡𝑠 = 𝐵 𝐴

Find values of V and A separately and then

B * (V / A) x2 = 0

Welding
𝑉 𝐼
(i) + 𝑆𝐶𝐶 = 1
𝑂𝐶𝑉

45 500
+ =1 … … . . (𝑖)
𝑂𝐶𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐶
55 400
+ =1 … … . . (𝑖𝑖)
𝑂𝐶𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐶

Now (ii) x 5 - (i) x 4 will give

55 × 5 − 45 × 4
= 5−4 = 1
𝑂𝐶𝑉

or OCV = 95 V

Now from equation (i)

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45 500
+ =1
95 𝑆𝐶𝐶
500 45
or 𝑆𝐶𝐶 = 1 − 95

500
or 𝑆𝐶𝐶 = 45
1−
95

500 / ( 1 – 45 / 95) = 950 V

(ii) 𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡 = 300002 × 100 × 10−6 × 0.005

30000 x2 * 100 * 6 +/- 10x * 0.005 = 450 J

Machine Tools
𝐿+𝐴+𝑂
(i) Turning time ( T ) = 𝑓𝑁

(L+A+O) / (f *N) = 0

𝐿+𝑕+𝐴+𝑂
(ii) Drilling time ( T ) = 𝑓𝑁

L = 50 mm

𝐷 15
𝑕= = = 15/ (2 ∗59 tan ) = 4.5 𝑚𝑚
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 2 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛59

A = 2 mm

O = 2 mm

f = 0.2 mm/rev

N = 500 rpm

50 + 4.5 + 2 + 2
𝑇=
0.2 × 500

(50 + 4.5 + 2 + 2 ) / (0.2 * 500) = 0.585 min

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ECM Calculation
(i) Find average density of an alloy

1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
= + + +
𝜌 𝜌1 𝜌2 𝜌3 𝜌4
1 0.7 0.2 0.05 0.05
or = + + +
𝜌 8.9 7.19 7.86 4.51

First calculate

0.7 / 8.9 +0.2 / 7.19 +0.05 / 7.86 +0.05 / 4.51 = 0.1239159

Then just press 1/x button

𝜌 = 8.069989 𝑔/𝑐𝑐

(ii) Find equivalent weight of an alloy

1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
= + + +
𝐸 𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3 𝐸4
1 𝑥 1 𝑣1 𝑥 2 𝑣2 𝑥 3 𝑣3 𝑥 4 𝑣4
or = + + +
𝐸 𝐸1 𝐸2 𝐸3 𝐸4

1 0.7×2 0.2×2 0.05×2 0.05×3

or = + + +
𝐸 58.71 51.99 55.85 47.9

First calculate
0.7 * 2 / 58.71+0.2 * 2 / 51.99+0.05 * 2 / 55.85+0.05 * 3 / 47.9 = 0.03646185

Then just press 1/x button

𝐸 = 27.42593

Alternate Method – 1:

First calculate
0.7 * 2 / 58.71 = 0.02384602

Then 0.02384602 + 0.2 * 2 / 51.99 = 0.03153981

Then 0.03153981 + 0.05 * 2 / 55.85 = 0.03333032

Then 0.03333032 + 0.05 * 3 / 47.9 = 0.03646185

Then just press 1/x button

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𝐸 = 27.42593

Alternate Method – 2: Use M+ button

0.7 * 2 / 58.71 = 0.02384602 press M+ button the press C button

0.2 * 2 / 51.99 = 0.007693788 press M+ button the press C button

0.05 * 2 / 55.85 = 0.001790511 press M+ button the press C button

0.05 * 3 / 47.9 = 0.003131524 press M+ button the press MR button

Then just press 1/x button

𝐸 = 27.42593

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Strength of Materials

(Only for the type of equations which are not yet covered)

Elongation
𝑃𝐿
(i) 𝛿=
𝐴𝐸

10×10 3 ×1000
or 𝛿 = 𝜋 ×5 2
𝑚𝑚
×200×10 3
4

100×4
or 𝛿 = 𝑚𝑚
𝜋 ×52 ×2

[After cancelling common terms from numerator and denominator and one extra
bracket in the denominator has to be put]

100 * 4 / ( 𝝅 * 5 x2 * 2) = 2.546480 mm

Thermal Stress

0.5×12.5×10 −6 ×20
(ii)
50×0.5
1+
𝜋 ×0.01 2
4 ×200 ×10 6

50×0.5 50×0.5×4
First calculate 𝜋 ×0.01 2
=
×200×10 6 𝜋×0.012 ×200×10 6
4

50 * 0.5 * 4 / (𝝅 * 0.01 x2 * 200 * 6 10x ) = 0.001591550

Then add 1

0.001591550 + 1 = 1.001592

Then press button 1/x

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0.9984105

Then multiply with 0.5 × 12.5 × 10−6 × 20

0.9984105 * 0.5 * 12.5 * 6 +/- 10x * 20 = 0.0001248013

Principal stress and principal strain

𝝈𝒙 −𝝈𝒚 𝟐
(iii) 𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = + 𝝉𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝟐

2
80 − 20
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 402
2

[One bracket for denominator one bracket for square and one for square root]

(((80-20) / 2 ) x2 + 40 x2 ) = 50 MPa

𝜍𝑥 +𝜍𝑦 𝜍𝑥 −𝜍𝑦 2 2
For 𝜍1,2 = + + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 2

𝜍𝑥 +𝜍𝑦
First calculate
2

2
𝜍𝑥 −𝜍𝑦 2
And then calculate + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2

Deflection of Beams

𝑤𝐿4 10×10 3 ×54

(iv) 𝛿= =
8𝐸𝐼 8×781250

10 * 3 10x * 5 xy 4 / (8 * 781250 ) = 1 mm

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Bending stresses
3
(v) 𝜍 = 𝑀𝑦
𝐼
= 9.57×10 ×0.1
3 Pa
0.1×0.2
12

9.57 × 103 × 12
=
0.23

9.57 * 3 10x * 12 / (0.2 xy 3 ) = 1.435500e+7 Pa = 14.355 MPa

Torsion
𝑇 𝐺𝜃
(vi) =
𝐽 𝐿

409.256 80×10 9 ×𝜋
𝜋 =
1−0.74 𝐷 4 1×180
32
32×409.256×180
or 𝐷4 =
𝜋2× 1−0.74 ×80×10 9

First calculate 32 * 409.256 * 180 = 2357315

Then calculate 𝜋 2 × 1 − 0.74 × 80 × 109

𝝅 x2 * (1 – 0.7 xy 4) * 80 * 9 10x = 5.999930e+11

2357315
Now 𝐷 4 = = 0.000003928904
5.999930×10 11

Just press √ button twice , D = 0.04452130 m = 44.52 mm

Spring

8𝑃𝐷 3 𝑛
(vii) 𝛿=
𝐺𝑑 4

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8×200×10 3 ×10 −6 ×10

80×10 9 ×84 ×10 −12

8*200*310x 6 +/- 10x 10 /(80* 9 10x 8 xy 4 * 12 +/- 10x ) = 0.04882813 m

= 48.83 mm

Theories of column
2 𝐸𝐼
(viii) 𝑃𝑐𝑟 =𝜋 [For one end fixed and other end free]
4𝐿2
𝜋 ×𝑑 4
𝜋 2 ×210×10 9 ×
3 64
10 × 10 =
4×4 2

3 9 4
or 10 × 10 × 4 × 42 × 64 = 𝜋2 × 210 × 10 × 𝜋 × 𝑑

10×10 3 ×4×42 ×64

or 𝑑 4 =
𝜋 3 ×210×10 9

First calculate 10 × 103 × 4 × 42 × 64

10 * 3 10x * 4 * 4 x2 * 64 = 4.096000e+7

Then calculate 𝜋 3 × 210 × 109

𝝅 x3 * 210 * 9 10x = 6.511319e+12

4.096000e + 7
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑑4 = = 0.000006290584
6.511319𝑒 + 12

Just press √ button twice, d = 0.05008097 m ≈ 50 mm

Theories of Failure
1
(ix) 𝜍𝑒 = 𝜍1 − 𝜍2 2 + 𝜍2 − 𝜍3 2 + 𝜍3 − 𝜍1 2
2

1 2 2 2
𝜍𝑒 = 97.74 − 22.96 + 22.96 − 20 + 20 − 97.74
2

Using bracket also we can’t calculate it directly, we have to use M+

97.74 − 22.96 x2 = 5592.048 M+ then press C button

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22.96 − 20 x2 = 8.7616 M+ then press C button

20 − 97.74 x2 = 6043.508 M+ then press C button

Now Press MR button 11644.32 [ It is total value which is in under root]

Now press √ button 107.9089

[ it is = 97.74 − 22.96 2 + 22.96 − 20 2 + 20 − 97.74 2 ]

Now divide it with √2

107.9089 / 2 √ = 76.30309
1
Therefore, 𝜍𝑒 = 97.74 − 22.96 2 + 22.96 − 20 2 + 20 − 97.74 2 = 76.30309
2

After the calculation must press MC button.

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Theory of Machines

(Only for the type of equations which are not yet covered)

Frequency

1 𝑆 1 40×10 3
(i) 𝑓𝑛 = =
2𝜋 𝑀 2𝜋 100

(40 * 10 x3 / 100 ) √ / 2 / 𝝅 = 3.183099

Transmissibility ratio

1+ 2𝜉𝑟 2
(ii) 𝑇𝑅 =
1−𝑟 2 2 + 2𝜉𝑟 2

1 + 2 × 0.15 × 18.85 2
𝑇𝑅 =
1 − 18.852 2 + 2 × 0.15 × 18.85 2

First calculate 2𝜉𝑟 2

= 2 × 0.15 × 18.85 2

(2 * 0.15 * 18.85 ) x2 = 31.97903 This data is needed again so

PressM+

Next find 1 − 𝑟 2 2
= 1 − 18.852 2

(1 – 18.85 x2 ) x2 = 125544.4

Now find the value of numerator

Press MR + 1 = then press 5.742737

Then find denominator

Press MR + 125544.4 = then press 354.3676

Now Find (TR)

Press 1/x and * 5.742737 = 0.01620559

TR = 0.01620559 (Answer)

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Thermodynamics

(Only for the type of equations which are not yet covered)

SFEE

𝑐12 𝑔𝑍 𝑑𝑄 𝑐12 𝑔𝑍 𝑑𝑊
(i) 𝑕1 + + + = 𝑕1 + + +
2000 1000 𝑑𝑚 2000 1000 𝑑𝑚

1602 9.81 × 10 1002 9.81 × 6 𝑑𝑊

3200 + + + 0 = 2600 + + +
2000 1000 2000 1000 𝑑𝑚
M+ M+ M+ M- M- M-

3200 = Press M+ then press C button

160 x2 / 2000 = Press M+ then press C button

9.81 * 10 / 1000 = Press M+ then press C button

2600 = Press M- then press C button

100 x2 / 2000 = Press M- then press C button

9.81 * 6 / 1000 = Press M-

Now Press MR and it is answer = 607.8392400000004

𝑑𝑊 1602 9.81 × 10 1002 9.81 × 6

= 3200 + + − 2600 − −
𝑑𝑚 2000 1000 2000 1000

Entropy Change
𝑇𝑄 𝑃𝑄
(ii) 𝑆𝑄 − 𝑆𝑝 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑙𝑛 − 𝑅𝑙𝑛
𝑇𝑃 𝑃𝑃

300 50
𝑆𝑄 − 𝑆𝑝 = 1.005 𝑙𝑛 − 0.287𝑙𝑛
350 150
M+ M-

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300
First calculate 1.005 𝑙𝑛 350

1.005 * (300 / 350 ) ln = -0.1549214 Press M+ then press C button

50
Then calculate 0.287𝑙𝑛 150

0.287 * (50 /150 ) ln = -0.3153016 Press M-

Just press MR and it is the answer 0.16038020000000003

∴ ∆𝑆 = 0.16 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔𝐾

Available Energy
𝑇2
(iii) 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐𝑝 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑜 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1

1250
𝐴𝐸 = 2000 × 0.5 1250 − 450 − 303𝑙𝑛 450

1250
First calculate 1250 − 450 − 303𝑙𝑛 450

(1250-450)-303 * (1250 / 450) ln = 490.4397

Then multiply with 2000 × 0.5

490.4397 * 2000 * 0.5 = 490439.7 KJ = 490.44 MJ

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Heat and Mass Transfer

(Only for the type of equations which are not covered yet)

Conduction

2𝜋𝐿 𝑡 𝑖 −𝑡 𝑓
(i) 𝑄= 𝑟 𝑟
𝑙𝑛 𝑟 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 3
1 + 2
𝐾𝐴 𝐾𝐵

2 × 𝜋 × 1 × 1200 − 600
𝑄=
0.025 0.055
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
0.01 + 0.025
19 0.2
0.025 0.055
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
0.01 0.025
First calculate denominator +
19 0.2
But it is very weak calculator can’t calculate two ln in a operation

Calculate

(0.025 / 0.01) ln / 19 = 0.04822583 Press M+ then press C button

Then

(0.055 / 0.025) ln / 0.2 = 3.942287 Press M+

Then press MR it is denominator 3.9905128299999996

Now Press 1/x button 0.2505944

Multiply with Numerator 2 × 𝜋 × 1 × 1200 − 600

0.2505944 * 2 * 𝝅 * 600 = 944.7186 W/m

2 × 𝜋 × 1 × 1200 − 600
∴ 𝑄= = 944.72 𝑊/𝑚
0.025 0.055
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
0.01 + 0.025
19 0.2

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Unsteady Conduction

𝜃 𝑇−𝑇
(ii) = 𝑇 −𝑇𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝐵𝑖 𝐹𝑜
𝜃𝑖 𝑖 𝑎

298 − 300 −3
= 𝑒 −425𝜏×2.3533 ×10
30 − 300
298−300
or 𝑙𝑛 = −425𝜏 × 2.3533 × 10−3
30−300

30−300
or 𝑙𝑛 = 425𝜏 × 2.3533 × 10−3
298−300

30−300
𝑙𝑛 298 −300
or 𝜏 =
425×2.3533 ×10 −3

((30-300) / (298-300)) ln = / 425 = / 2.3533 = / 3 +/- 10x = 4.904526 S

Note: Several times use of = is good for this calculator.

Heat Exchanger

𝜃 𝑖 −𝜃𝑜 90−40
(iii) 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 = 𝜃𝑖 = 90
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
𝜃𝑜 40

(90 / 40) ln = then press 1/x then multiply with numerator * (90 – 40) = 61.65760

Radiation

(iii) Interchange factor

1 1
𝑓12 = 1 𝐴1 1 = 1 2×10 −3 1
+ −1 + −1
𝜀1 𝐴2 𝜀2 0.6 100 0.3

2×10 −3 1
First calculate −1
100 0.3

(2 * 3 +/- 10x / 100) * (1 / 0.3 – 1 ) = 0.00004666666

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Then add 1/0.6

0.00004666666 + 1 / 0.6 ) = 1.666714

Then press 1/x

0.5999830

f12 =0.5999830 ≈0.6

Now 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑓12 𝜍𝐴1 𝑇14 − 𝑇24

𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0.6 × 5.67 × 10−8 × 2 × 10−3 8004 − 3004

First calculate 0.6 × 5.67 × 10−8 × 2 × 10−3

0.6 * 5.67 * 8 +/- 10x * 2 * 3 +/- 10x = 6.804000e-11

Then multiply with 8004 − 3004

6.804000e-11 * (800 xy 4 - 300 xy 4) = 27.31806 W

𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0.6 × 5.67 × 10−8 × 2 × 10−3 8004 − 3004 = 27.32 𝑊

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Industrial Engineering

(Only for the type of equations which are not yet covered)

Forecasting

(i) 𝑢𝑓 = 𝛼𝑆𝑡 + 𝛼 1 − 𝛼 𝑆𝑡−1 + 𝛼 1 − 𝛼 2 𝑆𝑡−2 + 𝛼 1 − 𝛼 3 𝑆𝑡−3

𝑢𝑓 = 0.4 × 95 + 0.4 × 0.6 × 82 + 0.4 × 0.62 × 68 + 0.4 × 0.63 × 70

M+ M+ M+ M+

0.4 * 95 = 38 Press M+ then press C button

0.4 * 0.6 * 82 = 19.68 Press M+ then press C button

0.4 * 0.6 x2 * 68 = 19.68 Press M+ then press C button

0.4 * 0.6 x3 * 70 = 6.048 Press M+

Then press MR button 73.52

𝑢𝑓 = 0.4 × 95 + 0.4 × 0.6 × 82 + 0.4 × 0.62 × 68 + 0.4 × 0.63 × 70 =73.52

Regression Analysis

(ii) Let us assume the equation which best fit the given data

y = A + Bx

First take summation of both sides ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

Next step multiply both side of original equation by x

xy = Ax + Bx2

Again take summation of both sides ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Just solve this two equations and find A and B

Example:

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 43 | P a g e How to use Virtual Calculator in Mechanical Engineering

Data x Y Xy x2
1 1 1 1 x1 12
2 2 2 2x2 22
3 3 3 3x3 32
∑𝑥 = 6 ∑𝑦 = 6 ∑𝑥𝑦 = 14 ∑𝑥 = 14
2

For ∑𝑥 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑦 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

For ∑𝑥𝑦 1 * 1 + 2 * 2 + 3 * 3 = 14

For ∑𝑥 2 Use M+ button

12 1 x2 M+ then press C button

22 2 x2 M+ then press C button

32 3 x2 M+ then press C button

Then press MR button, Therefore ∑𝑥 2 = 14

Now ∑𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛 + 𝐵∑𝑥 … … … … . . (𝑖)

or 6 = 3 𝐴 + 6𝐵 … … … … . . (𝑖)

and ∑𝑥𝑦 = 𝐴∑𝑥 + 𝐵∑𝑥 2 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

or 14 = 6A + 14 B … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)

Solving (i) and (ii) we get A = 0 and B = 1

y = 0 + 1. x is the solution.

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Optimum run size

2𝑈𝑅 𝐼𝑐 +𝐼𝑝
(iii) 𝑄= ×
𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑝

2 × 30000 × 3500 2.5 + 10

𝑄= ×
2.5 10

2×30000 ×3500 2.5+10

First calculate ×
2.5 10

(2 * 30000 *3500 / 2.5) * ((2.5 + 10) / 10) = 1.050000e+8

Then just press √

1.050000e+8 √ = 10246.95

END

If you got the above points, of the way of calculation then you should be happy enough
because we finally succeeded in its usage.

“Ek Ghatiya Calculator ka Sahi Upyog”

Made Easy By: S K Mondal