DESKTOP CHIP NOTES Modify 0511 PDF

INTERSOFT MOBILE, LAPTOP REPAIRING INSTITUTE 9824144698 (0261) 2424396
INTERSOFT INSTITUTE
DESKTOP MOTHERBORD SHORT NOTES
DETAIL OF CPU SOCKET AND USE WITH PROCESSOR)

NAME CPU TYPES # of PINS*
Socket 1: 486 SX & DX 169
Socket 2: 486 SX, DX, & DX2 238

Socket 3: 486 SX, DX, DX2, DX4, 586, Pentium Overdrive 237
Socket 4: Pentium 60 & 66 273

Socket 5: Pentium 75, 90, 100, 120, 133 320
Socket 6: 486 DX4 (75, 100, 133) 235

Socket 7: Intel Pentium & Pentium MMX P75 thru P233, AMD K5/K6, Cyrix 321
686/686MX
Super AMD K6-2, AMD K6-3, Cyrix 686-MII, Intel Pentium up to 321
socket 7: P233MMX, AMD up to K6/2-550, Cyrix MII up to 433
Socket 8: Pentium Pro, Pentium Pro OverDrive, Pentium II OverDrive 387
Socket 370: Intel Celeron, Pentium III 370

Slot I: Intel Pentium II, Pentium III, Intel Celeron 242
Slot A: AMD K7, Athlon 242

Slot II: Intel Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III Xeon 330
Socket A: AMD Athlon, AMD Duron 462
Socket 423: Early Pentium 4 423
Socket 478: Newer Pentium 4 478
* You do not need to memorize the amount of pins for the exam.
CPU TYPES BUS WIDTH

8088 8-bit
8086 16-bit
80286,80386SX 16-bit
80386DX 32-bit
80486 32-bit
Pentium I, II, III IV 64-bit
CPU TYPES BUS SPEEDS in MHz
H.O Opp wow collection, Bhagatalao Main road, Surat Page no :-1
Pentium 50, 60, 66

Pentium Pro 60, 66
66
Pentium MMX
(133 - 300 MHz)
66
Celeron
(266 - 766 MHz)
100
Celeron
(800 - 1.4 GHz)
400
Celeron
(1.7 - 2 GHz)
66
Pentium II
(266 - 333 MHz)
Pentium II 100
(350 - 450 MHz)
100
Pentium III
(450 - 1.1 GHz)
133
Pentium III
(533 - 1.4 GHz)
400
Pentium IV
(1.3 - 2.6 GHz)
533
Pentium IV
(2.26 - 2.8 GHz)
S.M.P.S (SWTTCH MODE POWER SUPPLY)

AT S.M.P.S.
RED = +5V starting +5 v come on start
YELLOW = +12V
BLUE = -12V
WHITE= -5V
RLACK = ROUND (0 V)
ORANGE =+5V (POWER GOOD) delay for time & time
ATX S.M.P.S.
RED = +5V
YELLOW= +12V
BLUE = -12V
WHITE = -5V
BLACK = GROUND (0 V)
ORANGE = +3.3 V
GREY = +5V(POWER GOOD)
PURPLE = + 5V (STARTER BASE)
GREEN = +3.3/5V (POWER SWITCH-ON)
Atx connection pin out detail
Power good when not

Not start=reset signal
EXTRA ATX CONNECTOR

only for load dividing
When reset press power On but not on with On / off main problem with SMPS POWER GOOD signals
Com problem then volts +5-5 + 12v – 12v also problem
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MOTHERBOARD
VOLTAGE OF SMPS
1 RESET = POWER GOOD
2 FREQUENCY = CRYSTAL
COMMON CRYSTAL
for sound and lan different crystal
How to identify:
 IC circuit including a clock and a Quartz comes March 14.
 Just find Quartz March 14 is the next IC IC clock.
Duties:
 14.3 MHz quartz creates a fluctuating standard 14.3 MHz, then the circuit will generate clock
pulses from the standard ranges from quartz and people with a certain rate to create different
frequency clock pulse supply the components of the Mainboard.
There are normally three types of bus in any processor system:

o An address bus: this determines the location in memory that the processor will read data from or
write data to.
o A data bus: this contains the contents that have been read from the memory location or are to be
written into the memory location.
o A control bus: this manages the information flow between components indicating whether the
operation is a read or a write and ensuring that the operation happens at the right time.
Processor Schematic Architecture
SERIAL PORT.
COM 1 / COM 2
ALTERNET :---
1 * * 2
3 * * 4
5 gnd * 6
7 * * 8
9 * * 10
PIN 5 = GROUND
two type of cables is there 5th pin and common if ok then cable is it of
SERIAL PORT CONNECTOR
RESISTER SOME WITH GROUND IF CHANGE THEN IC PROBLEM
PROTECTION CAPACITOR
Remove capacitor if value not shown
PRINTER PORT
PRINTER PRINTER PORT IC

CONNECTOR
resistor 10 22 33 ohms
Remove then direct
junk printer
write full capacitor & resister problem
no printer
Remove all capacitor if problem
PRINTER PORT
18 to 26 PIN GROUND
1 to 17 used and some values
USB CONNECTION
Plug & Receptacle Pin outs

Plugs Receptacles
Plugs Receptacles
Series A
Series B
Mini-USB Series A
Mini-USB
Series B
Standard USB Pinout & Cable Color Code

Pin Wire Color Function
1 Red V BUS (+5V)
2 White D-
3 Green D+
4 Black Ground
Mini-USB Type-A Pinout & Cable Color Code

1 Red V BUS (+5V)
2 White D-
3 Green D+
4 Joined to pin 5 ID
5 Black Ground
Mini-USB Type-B Pinout & Cable Color Code

1 Red V BUS (+5V)
2 White D-
3 Green D+
4 Not connected (*) ID
5 Black Ground
2 TYPES
CABLE DIFFERENT
IF WRONG FUES OUT
USB STRAIGHT
ON BORD
1 +5V 0 0 +5V
2 +DA 0 0 +DA
3 -DA 0 0 -DA
4 GND 0 0 GND
USB CROSSED
1 +5V  GND
2 +DATA  -DATA
3 -DATA  +DATA
4 GND  +5V
RTC REAL TIME CLOCK
BEFORE START IC GOTS VOLTAGE

BATTERY CHARGE NEW BOARD DISPLAY COMES
USB CONTROLLER (HDD USB)

HDD
pinout of hard disk connector
KEYBOARD
1 +5V at 5pim
2 GROUND atx 6pim
3 RESET DATA all key’s controllos ic is different
4 CLOCK DATA
5 (NC) NOT CONNECTD
if 5V not come on keyboard then 1 fuse will be there
see continuity or direct jumper
BACK OF M/B CONNECTION
LESS SPACE
DISTURBANCE REMOVE
5V FOR AMPLIFICATION
LIGHT FLICKER THEN REMOVE CAPACITOR C1 & C2
Problem of keyboard
*No Light on keyboard

*Key Light on but flicker
keyboard controller IC I/O IC to cont
light come but not work
*
RT 9229
SC680EYB
SC1166SW
LM2637M
KA7500C
LX1664CD
KA34063P
UTS3007CW
US3004CW
L6916D(28 PIN)
RT9222
L6917BD
RC5053M
SC1164CSW
ADP3165
RT9241B
HIP6302CB
HIP6020CB
HIP6119BCB
HIP6302CB
I/O (INPUT/OUTPUT) IC :---

W83627HF-AW
PC873631BW/VLA
W833877TF
IT8679FA
IT8702EA
IT8712EA
IT870SF
W83627HF-AW
LPC47M142-NC
LAPTOP MOTHERBORDS
POWER ICS DETAIL AND USED
Mainboard: How to check Mosfet

Mainboard often see lights on the Mosfet is used a lot, they are used in power control circuits for CPU, chipset and
RAM for
Composed of light Mofet

Mosfet light is composed of NPN semiconductors, they are composed by three poles:
 Pole base (Drain) - D
 Pole source (Source) - S

 Pole gate (Gate) - G
Characteristics of Mosfet reverse (using the Mainboard)

- From foot to foot G S is the power
- From foot to foot G D is the electric
- From foot to foot D S (a positive level on D) is also dependent on the voltage vacuum G
If the voltage vacuum G> S, the leg lamp voltage lead (when the D-level positive, negative to S)
If voltage vacuum G <= S voltage foot off the lights
=> As the light is good.
Light damage cases

- If measured from foot to foot G S, which has low impedance => a light short-GS
- If measured from foot to foot G D that low impedance => a light short-GD
- If voltage vacuum S G positive than that lights do not lead foot (when the D-level positive, negative to S) => the
lights off DS
- If voltage vacuum G less than or equal voltage lights that still lead leg S => the light was short-DS
Comparisons with the lights Mosfet
Measurements to check the lights Mosfet Mainboard
Measuring light Mosfet not be short?

- When measuring the light directly on the Mainboard Mosfet, you determine that no light can be short or not
determine the quality of light
- Measure the figure below.
Explain the results of measurements as follows:

- When measured directly on the Mainboard Mosfet you to clock in scale X1
- Measure the extreme D and S poles, then reverse sticks twice
=> If the two-dimensional measure that:

- One-dimensional metal just a bit
- One way to nearly every scale
=> The lights are D - S are not short
=> If the two-dimensional measurement of 0 Ω to see metal as being short Mosfet D - S
As illustrated above we see that

- LIGHT 1 - not short
- Lamp No. 2 - was short D - S
4.2 -- Measuring the quality control of light Mosfet

- To check the quality of light, you need to remove the legs from the circuit G and S in, then adjust the clock in the first month
kΩ and measure as follows:
The following cases are broken lights Mosfet

- Measure between G and S in a low impedance => The lights were leakage or short-GS
- Measure between G and D show low resistance => The lights were leakage or short-GD
- After the loaded positive for G (to open MOSFET), which measure reverse lights do not lead DS => DS is off
- After loading music to G (to key MOSFET) that DS MOSFET is measured against a short guide DS
Note: When measuring the quality MOSFET accurate results only when you uninstall the leg G and S from the
printed circuit
Application on the Mainboard of the Mosfet
5.1 - Mosfet is used to amplify electrical current in the circuit voltage stabilizer
Above is the source voltage stabilizer circuit for RAM, Mosfet act as current amplifiers, IC LMV358 amplifier
implemented control voltage at the foot of G, the circuit works to provide a stable voltage with the same power for
adults.
5.2 - Mosfet with coils made collapsible one-way form voltage pulses have pulse width changes from
which can raise or lower output voltage than input voltage as you want.
Break open Mosfet operating in lower voltage circuits
Mosfet circuit voltage stabilizer in power for CPU (VRM circuit)
May 3 - Mosfet is used instead of the port island
Mosfet on the Mainboard is used to replace the island port, the power vacuum G (logic value 1), the D leg lead and
lost Mosfet voltage (logic value 0) and vice versa
Characteristics of the Mosfet on the Mainboard
- Characteristics of the Mainboard is to use low voltage but large current

For example, line voltage
 12V current consumption is about 2 to 3A

 5V current consumption is about 1A
 3.3 V with current consumption of about 4A
 CPU uses the voltage of 1.5 V but current consumption up to 10A
=> So the lights on the Mainboard Mosfet often tolerate low voltage but large current consumption, you can not use
the lights on the Monitor Mosfet instead on the Mainboard.
Example 1 : A light on the Mainboard Mosfet parameters are as follows:
 Withstand voltage between D - S only 30V

 Line pass D - S up to 42 A
Example 2 : Lamps Mosfet IRF-630 is commonly used on pressure vessels of up there Monitor parameters:
 Withstand voltage is 200V but the DS

 Line between the D-S endure only 9A,
 D-S impedance when leading lights under 0.4 Ω
Identify light Mosfet
Identify the mainboard lights Mosfet
Mainboard: The basic common errors

 Manual test main card.
 Guide mainboard change.
 Mainboard all files
Mainboard a major component in the computer. Damage mainboard will cause the entire system "Stop
breathing", "no pictures, no free" or "short chờn unstable" or "hang" ... In general a "very unpleasant". For the
people "hardware" does not worry some, but for many of the mainboard error is extremely terrible.
Q-1: No expansion card, AGP, Sound ..., do not get RAM ...
This form of error mostly due to the connection between the main contact with the expansion card, RAM was
stained, stainless ... to no contact possible.
Handling: Sanitation clean try again or transfer to another slot, try again.
Shape convergence swelling, fire and explosion.
Also many other pan but I introduce you the most commonly used pan.
Mainboard: Denmark created around the clock common mistakes

and how to handle
Common errors:
 D. clock pulse to mainboard completely paralyzed. When clock pulse sizes take back your power fan does
not boot.
Checking:
 After checking the source of the mainboard as Vcore, sources RAM, AGP, chipset North, South, the
observed light CLK. If lights around the clock circuit well.
Handling:
 Instead try quartz March 14 (March 14 to right)
 IC clock change (to the right number)
If after processing, check that lights CLK light circuit is added around the clock works well.
Note the change IC Clock:

Clock IC name shown here is 952603DF ICS (finally found) nhé.
Advanced error:
- In fact, around the clock with the PCI slots (CLK bright light) was not found around the clock to the entire
department on the mainboard, such as: CPU, chipset North, South, sound, LAN ...
- The test clock pulses at other locations required to have "the wave machine and experienced workers new test is.
- This part of the high order of research nhé.
Mainboard: power supply circuits for chipset

 VRM - CPU Vcore power supply circuit
 Power supply circuit for RAM
 Generate pulse clock circuit
 Reset circuit
The mainboard voltage stabilizer circuit has three main sources of the VRM Voltage source for the CPU, RAM and
power sources for chipsets. Feed for CPU and RAM is easy to identify because of CPU resources can be measured
through the coil output filter. RAM is measured in feet 143 feet equivalent as of DDR ... Also sources for chipsets
only determined mainly by experience.
- According to the map, chip North and South using the same chip at a lot of different sources.
- Chip North: Use the Vcore power, VCC RAM and use resources more 1v5 and 1v8
- Chip Nam: Using direct 5V, 5V STB 3v3 and each source and use of additional resources 1v5 and 1v8.
- So when it comes to sources for chipsets tì mainly refers to the source is only 1v5 and 1v8.
Determined by circuit:
- As stated above, the source for determining circuit chipset based mainly on the experience is. Here are some
experiences:
- Voltage stabilizer circuit for two chipsets are often in the region between the two chipsets.
- When work often foot S 1v5 to 1v8
- IC circuit commonly used to control Mosfet 8 feet.
- Some sources Mainboard new model uses the CPU VRM circuit around the circuit so the coil has
Note:
- On life Mainboard different uses several different types of circuit voltage stabilizer.
- The different types of chipsets using a variety of other voltage home.
Map principle common circuit types:
- This is the general form of the most common circuit to lower pressure and steady pressure from 3v3 to 1v5 or 1v8
for chipset. As this form if you have that foot S 1v5 or 1v8, that is the power MOSFET chipset.
Format using IC LT1575
Format using IC LM324 (very common)
Form
two buses to each other (IC LM324)
Form a coil and capacitor filter as the VRM circuit (IC RT9214)
Ic type voltage stabilizer is used to feedback (IC LM1117)
Shape of the actual circuit and IC
Repair experience:
- When checking the source, just S of the MOSFET measured foot area near the chipset and the chipset 2. If you
have 1v5 or 1v8 is OK (For Intel chip chip VIA, SIS, Nvidia will be different ... tiptoes)
- According to a specific form of circuit analysis which must seek to change accordingly. Most importantly, it kind
of. Determining what ic control MOSFET and find any ic equivalent instead.
- IC LM324 and LM1117 are very common so no worry from chip instead. Still used in the circuit source voltage
stabilizer RAM.
- IC RT9214 is a filter type C - L should be measured pressure vessels like the CPU VRM. Can be equivalent
APW7120. This usually comes in the form of voltage stabilizer circuit source RAM.
Mainboard: CPU power supply circuit.

Guide mainboard change
 Important steps to check the correct
 Measure test MOSFET
1. Circuit components:
 Feed the four pin 12V
 IC agitated
 The driver IC
 The Mosfet capacity
 The coil (around the CPU, to identify specific)
 Input filter capacitor 16V/1200FF ... 3300MF
 Vcore power filter capacitors 6.3V/820MF ... 3300MF
2. How to identify and circuit layout on the mainboard:

- The coil, filter capacitors around the CPU and MOSFET.
- Denmark is visible in the layout of the link conditions include 2, 3 or 4 coils 2 or 3 MOSFET with each coil and
countless chemical capacitors around the CPU socket plug.
- In this circuit, when we have not plugged the CPU (Pentium 4 or higher) in the socket will not have power (if
there is a faulty circuit). When plugged into the CPU circuit automatically correct for the CPU resources needed.
To check that feed the CPU is measured in feet of the wire. Note the wire in the coil has a filter input will be buying
the coil voltage 12V output filter is the source for new CPU.
- If you plug the main CPU does not support will not have Vcore power output. To fix, use the author to check the
CPU load circuit VRM is the best.
3. General diagram:
4. Map actual circuit principle:
- The circuit above, using an IC to control a pulse and 0, 1, 2 or 3 for driver IC for MOSFET operation. Vcore is the
CPU power supply.
5. Analyze circuit operation:

- For most mainboard, we just need the mainboard power supply (not plug anything even more CPU and RAM) that
can then click source. With few cases (especially the mainboard of Intel), to try the new CPU source file.
- When the source file was run, the first check for sources and has enough RAM or not (there will be specific
articles related to this issue). Then check the CPU power supply has or not.
- Note: When not plug the CPU power for the CPU will always be zero. If there are pressure means that the faulty
circuit. When plugged into the CPU if the required voltage 1.25V CPU (This option is a CPU, refer to page INTEL
CPU or attached documents to know exactly the resources required by each CPU), the circuit must meet right.
News must have at 1.25V Vcore output.
6. Circuit operation:
- When computer performance Power Good (19 pin IC RT9241 - the first), pin 16, 17 will have calculated the
effective pulse PWM1, PWM2 enable the driver IC (1.2 pin IC RT9602) pulse at Pin 4 driver, 12 , 7, 9 controls the
closing of the MOSFET to disconnect the main source VCore.
- Sources of VCore for this CPU. Then, the CPU will respond to the pin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (IC RT9241) to determine the
source of the request. Respectively as the table below. If you do not receive the signal immediately stop level PWM
pulse will not be news VCore voltage output.
7. IC Datasheet some things around, driver power supplies for CPU:

-- ADP3110 -- ADP3180 -- ADP3181 -- ADP3188 -- ADP3163 -- ADP3168 -- ADP3198 -- ADP3416 --
ADP3418 -- ADP3421 --
/
-- FAN5019 -- FAN5090
-- ISL6316 -- ISL6556 -- ISL6561 -- ISL6566
-- RT9241 -- RT9245 -- RT9600 -- RT9603 -- RT9602 --
8. Common errors:
- Touch the MOSFET leads to loss of CPU power. Will cause severe damage both the power. Easy to see the
MOSFET will heat very quickly after opening machine about a minute. Or maybe by 2 feet by removing G and S
from the mainboard.
- Death of the IC interface, the pulse driver. This error occurs very often and the only way change only.
The source-filter capacitors swelling or dry cocoons cause CPU. Careful when replacing the capacitor. Should
change the value from the convergence has to be larger and the same for the output filter capacitor CPU.
- Remove all parts of the phenomenon of short circuit is still the source. Do short chipset North. Do some
mainboard, chip shared resources with North Vcore for CPU.
1. Determining foot (VCC) Power RAM DDR 1: 2V5
1. Measure Source RAM:
DDR1: 7 Foot or leg 143 as shown have 2V5:
DDR2: Must have 1V8
DDR3: Chan 51 have 1V5
If RAM loses power often by death or die FET IC agitated source RAM.
2. Measured sources BUS RAM (VTT) have 1V25 for DDR1
Losing power to Bus Ram: RAM is not plugged kêu tit tit, RAM plugged in but im re not running (such
as error chip North).
2. Source chipset (with a common source of AGP / PCIx):
Universal PCI Bus Pinouts
Rear of Computer
:------:------:
-12V |- B1 A1 -| Test Reset
Test Clock |- B2 A2 -| +12V
Ground |- B3 A3 -| Test Mode Select
Test Data Output |- B4 A4 -| Test Data Input
+5V |- B5 A5 -| +5V
+5V |- B6 A6 -| Interrupt A
Interrupt B |- B7 A7 -| Interrupt C
Interrupt D |- B8 A8 -| +5V
PRSNT1# |- B9 A9 -| Reserved
Reserved |- B10 A10 -| +V I/O
PRSNT2# |- B11 A11 -| Reserved
Reserved |- B14 A14 -| Reserved
Ground |- B15 A15 -| Reset
Clock |- B16 A16 -| +V I/O
Ground |- B17 A17 -| Grant
Request |- B18 A18 -| Ground
+V I/O |- B19 A19 -| Reserved
Address 31 |- B20 A20 -| Address 30
Address 29 |- B21 A21 -| +3.3V
Ground |- B22 A22 -| Address 28
Address 25 |- B24 A24 -| Ground
+3.3V |- B25 A25 -| Address 24
C/BE 3 |- B26 A26 -| Init Device Select
Address 23 |- B27 A27 -| +3.3V
+3.3V |- B31 A31 -| Address 18
C/BE 2 |- B33 A33 -| +3.3V
Ground |- B34 A34 -| Cycle Frame
Initiator Ready |- B35 A35 -| Ground
+3.3V |- B36 A36 -| Target Ready
Device Select |- B37 A37 -| Ground
Ground |- B38 A38 -| Stop
Lock |- B39 A39 -| +3.3V
Parity Error |- B40 A40 -| Snoop Done
+3.3V |- B41 A41 -| Snoop Backoff
System Error |- B42 A42 -| Ground
+3.3V |- B43 A43 -| PAR
C/BE 1 |- B44 A44 -| Address 15
Address 14 |- B45 A45 -| +3.3V
:------:------:
:------:------:
Address 8 |- B52 A52 -| C/BE 0
Address 7 |- B53 A53 -| +3.3V
+3.3V |- B54 A54 -| Address 6
+5 I/O |- B59 A59 -| +V I/O
Acknowledge 64-bit |- B60 A60 -| Request 64-bit
+5V |- B61 A61 -| +5V
+5V |- B62 A62 -| +5V
:------:------:
Illustrations on the VCC pin voltage is measured for Chancellor Ram drr1. But easy to remember, I would suggest
the following legs:
- Chan 7: find 1 foot (with a record of the RAM slots) count to 7 feet.
- Chan 184: find 184 feet (noted on slot RAM)
- Chan No. 143: my own using the legs 143, the position is "from the ground against the plug back into a slot - slot
on the left (standing up slot RAM) - the length is 143. The advantage is that I have to remember that from the little
feet. Just how anti-submarine pearl is a slot OK.
- The foot rest of DDR1 sources:
RAM ISL6225 IC power
IC power RAM: ISL6520
IC power RAM: APW7120
6. Experience repairing power circuit RAM:

- Carry out the form and IC voltage stabilizer circuit for RAM can be easily seen in the voltage stabilizer circuit for
the chipset or AGP voltage stabilizer for ... the difference between it for something and the pressure is much
needed. And circuit design and will need to adjust the memory requirements apply.
- So the repair of power voltage stabilizer circuit almost identical. Measuring MOSFET, instead of testing IC
source, replace the filter capacitors if swelling or suspected dry. Do not high by current source RAM CPU should
be able to get CPU MOSFET instead of RAM, but otherwise not very high because the CPU line.
7. Circuit power for AGP:

- Analysis is similar to RAM, the only other way to pin (VCC) sources only. How is my "always right".
- Denmark is also used as chipset, RAM should have nothing to say. How to determine the source MOSFET as well
as AGP RAM.
8. Conclusions and requirements of the article:

- Must be identified said leg (VCC) of RAM or AGP.
- Most of the main cpu RAM loses power and will still load generated headlines long error free RAM. RAM
plugged in but still error.
- The rest of the power loss will cause loss of RAM Reset pulse. (No light and at, or am Hòai).
- If the error blue screen error as RAM, which brings the RAM machine running well, then check the RAM source
filter capacitor can cause swelling or dry condition similar to RAM errors.
- Analysis of similar sources AGP.
How to check dead motherboards

Many of you question to me is: No change of mainboard, just know how to measure and achieve accurate
determination of the main damage and damage to the brain only. <- That is the reason this article.
Requirements: Voc doctors.
Start:
Losing power to Bus Ram: RAM is not plugged kêu tit tit, RAM plugged in but im re not running (such as error
chip North).
3. Source chipset (with a common source of AGP / PCIx):
S of the MOSFET leg measurement capacity between the two regions have 1V5 chipset.
If you lose power when the source file immediately heat roasting chipset (even fresh always hot to death).
4. Source for CPU Vcore:
Measured in the same leg of the coil mounted around the CPU socket: from 1v1 to 1v8 ~
Lose this source will cool the CPU blades and make sure mainboard not run.
If only the ARCH to this is the end. Wish to successfully build Artists mainboard patients diagnosed with ARCH.
This is a copy of:
Mainboard: Steps to check important when repairing

1. Check circuit source file:
- Most of the main CPU is not needed (except the main Intel CPU is required is a new source file).
- If the source file not try removing jack 12V (4pin) to test if the file is the problem 100% located in VRM circuits
were slow.
- Size pressed if error is MOSFET island or something light, kic forced to run normally. Size is not the pressure that
is severe then it slowly.
- Measure 5V (or 2v5-> 5V) at the pin PS-ON. If lost: Detect Pin PS-ON -> Chip NAM or SiO. Month to beating
him. (If the chip NAM and instead try to check the source of the quartz chip again nhé)
- Detection MOSFET island (or islands IC): legs green -> (through) port island (or direct) -> SiO; dam gates or SiO
island.
Major damage: MOSFET die island, error SiO, chip error NAM.
2. Pulse Clock will run as soon as the source file that is not plug CPU, CLK and fixed immediately check this step
2. Usually only dries, replace quartz clock IC and replace all the items.
3. Check the source:

- Vcore; circuit VRM <- Important and long lines if not more so.
- Source of RAM <- two important things after Vcore.
- Source chipset NAM, BAC, AGP <- 3rd most important chip pan heat the feed to the wrong chip.
4. Reset pulse:
- Often done checking the sources must be reset if not just chip NAM. Steam, stone, or rather leg work.
5. All of which are still not fully boot, test card is not running:
- Only the CPU socket and chip North <- This error manually killed all 10 high 10
- Right before beating socket (remove the toilet lid, steam socket ...)
- Then chip beating North (Steam, rock, foot work, instead) <- Antarctica and most difficult (mainly due to lack of
tool).
6. BIOS:
- Make a pan bios is only the last step, but because only five people will be too sour or step 6 of this before
"hopefully" be taken hat.
Conclusions
- Quite many people caught step 5. Officers subject to all the items and pay only. Lost his other
months also bring out only lost do not worry unless I complete tool room and qualified to do. Said
damage to the step 5 is more sour vinegar. Ế be found as long as they do not, the new .
- Above is "a copy" to treat the disease "normal" of the mainboard only. strange diseases as "touched",
"short-selecting", "confusing" ... is for people to self-study (open it that).
- In principle that is also how the test is to try.
- The "way" is picked as removing the battery, clear cmos (sometimes lose customers as well as the main
Jum CLR CMOS is not running). Remove the bios from the socket clean shaved legs or "bath" with "cell
model", even off the circuit a little bit ... the worker "has economic ngiệm" and so I have not asked to do.
KEYBOARD
PCI CARDS
PASSWORD
HARD DISK
Assemble d assemble
Parts detail
Hard disk
 RAM TYPES:-
FPM = Fast Page Mode
EDO = Extended Data Out
SDRAM = Syncronise Dynamic Random Access Memory
RDRAM = Rambos Dynamic Random Access Memory
DDRAM = Double Data Write I 266 1.25V
II 533 .9
III 1333 .25V
Laptop Ram SO RAM Single Outline RAM
72 Pin EDO SO
144 Pin SDR DIMM
200 Pin DDR DIMM
Micro So
DDR2 = DDR3
DIMM = Duall in Memory Module
SIMM = Single in Memory Module
Statics – No Refresh – No Capacitor

Dynamic – Need Refresh – 512 Million capacitor
1 Capacitor 1 Transistor in Dynamic

512 Million RAMBUS Static
DMA Control = Direct Memory Access ( No Process )
Hard drive - Need to know the subjects in hardware

People do not know the hardware HDD or hard drive is what the bundle manually. After mainboard, the power,
monitor (gas intensive e) the hardware most people have expertise in troubleshooting problems of the hard drive.
1. Construct hard drive:

If you want to talk about the theory in the long line that reads Wikipedia. Link: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/% E1% BB%
94_% C4% 91% C4% A9a_c% E1% BB% A9ng
An article or the other rather "Chapter VI" in the "full hardware documentation set. Link:
http://lqv77.com/2008/10/18/tai-lieu-phan-cung-toan-tap/
Here I want to mention it is composed in terms of function and ability to impact (repair or damage) to your hard
drive. Looking from the outside, including a prominent electronic circuit also known control circuits (logic) located
below.
All the rest is referred to as HDA includes the reader, in disc ...
The outer part of the logic interface includes three hard drive slots: slot source (from ATX power supply from the
source), jumper slot, slot signal wire (to connect to the mainboard), including ATA interface and SATA (SCSI also
for servers).
Is often the logic of the IC 4 IC control, buffer ICs, motor driver IC, IC switch ATA or SATA.
Reading motor speed is 7200 or 5400 to 10,000 rpm. Of course speed is fast shot speed data rates as fast. Addition,
the memory buffer (Buffer) the greater the speed the greater access. Besides the four main IC is the IC voltage
stabilizer, the fuse resistance ...
2. Overview of Partition, FAT, FAT32, NTFS:

Before you go further repair hardware (logic) I will mention the following article. The issue is of concern is a new
drive should be purchased on the partition (Chia hard drive) and format (Format) is the new user. Why I Left to
"Share your hard drive?
Remember the past, around 1993 when I know what the computer is at the high schools in the city. City schools do
not seem to be equipped with a computer room. My own school (upper secondary school Le Hong Phong) is
equipped with a machine room "data form" of the computer screen 8086 XT mono (one color only) and 2 no
1.2MB floppy disk drive. Should be able to say at this time do not know what hard drive.
Later also around 1994 - 1995 in some places to rent computer practice appeared 80,286 machines,
80,386 color screen with VGA and SVGA Forum Emperor is also appearing on the hard drive storage
40MB and 20MB and 120MB , 170MB, 210MB ... tui do not trust the wrong type hard drive space at that
precise in megabytes (MB), not gigabyte (GB) as now. To the hard disk up to 1.2GB, 2.1GB and 3.2GB
or 4.3GB, the problem arises OS not understand hard drives larger than 2.1GB ? when it is used as the
normal FAT (ie FAT16). So at least from a 2.1GB hard drive on a life means to divide your hard drive
into multiple partitions. At each maximum partition size is 2.1GB that's ridiculous when hard drive
capacities larger than 8.4GB on, 10GB, 15GB, 20GB ... that is to appear at FAT32. At the first start
FAT32 Partition management is up to 32GB. Later FAT32 does not meet the demand so security should
NTFS born. Currently two types of this Partion (FAT32 and NTFS) is also used quite popular on computer
use the Windows operating system.
Oscilloscope cro check
Isa slot detail
B3 5v
B5 -5
B7 -12
B9 +12
B2 reset signal goes to 5v and come back to level as
B20 clock as waves
B30 oscilloscope waves but small

Direct crystal also check
A16 to a31 address line
Any signal changes should be done on address line if ok go to bios only
HDD DISK
some have protection on direct
with RTC near ic HDD IC plate unremovable
RT.C
HDD
DATE
TIME
BIOS
---370=No password remove then battery
OTHER
w/o battery may be not start=ic default voltage to get=
dos =1024 cylinder limitation for support so 1024
LBA Y-Default
NORMAL – LBA
CYL H SECT
2007 16 63 LBA Mode to toke
130 mode=normal =not LBA
½4 * 4
cycle-hdd=LBA
POST CODE
Memory test card
Memory checked in pci
3beep=3beep ram
7beep=display
BIOS
Bxcd= BIOS (INTERNET BIOS UPDATE)

_____________________________________________
Written on m/b
if same ic then compatible bios can take i/o ic should same

Award = download *bin
Rom= *rom
Phoenix *bin over avord
______________________________________________
Downloading bios net
mb to lpt + serial connected
computer meetaer
1st erase file error mean ic dead
2nd erase ok but loading
39
29
49l 5.3v
on ic written (If L is there then 3.3v Without then 5v)
499v00ffp=sst496 = 5v
_____________________________
UP = 5V
Intel n32802ab 3.3v
FDD
FLOPPY SAFETY CAPACITOR I/O
BIOS UPDATE
CRYSTAL
MOTHERBOAR REPAIRING STEPS
MOTHERBOARD NOT BOOT

a. check whether the short circuit CPU voltage
b. MOS tube 5V and 3V voltage is normal
c. check motherboard VID0-VID5 signal
d. 12V Power Management Chip 0 ohm affect, MOS capacitor for the wrong side of the tube will affect
the voltage
e. VID_GOOD signal
2. No clock
a first check the clock chip 2.5V and 3.3V power supply is normal
b 14.318MHZ whether the starting crystal oscillator, capacitor bad or adverse affect body vibration can
not afford to
c check the clock chip VTT_PWRGD (intel chipset)
d bad body clock chip
3. CPU reset signal

a. check whether the normal voltage and frequency. (DIMM easily under a bad transistor)
b. clock chip resistance, exclusion is normal
c. North Bridge to the DIMM frequency output is normal. (INTEL. VIA. SIS chipset, the aforesaid signal
line is working
d. North Bridge to the CPU signal lines AD Block
e. SIS PCI board investigation of FRAME # and DEVSEL # signal, if the normal two signals can be ruled
out BIOS and
W83697 possible, the network will also affect the North Bridge chip and
f. NVIDIA's board BIOS and W83697 will affect not reset
g. North Bridge Ontology bad (NVIDIA and the SIS board, BIOS will not affect the CPU reset)
4. The whole board without reset

a check whether basic supply voltage and frequency of normal
b check whether the output reset signal to the Southbridge MS_5T 2 feet (3V reset voltage)
c check MS-5 3.4.5-pin voltage is normal, with or without short-circuit
d South Bridge is poor body
e check switch on the FP-RST signal is connected to a 3V voltage general MS-5, clock, network chips,
MS-3
f check MS-5 in the POWER GOOD 42 feet and PWR-OK 46-pin signal is normal
g check MS-7 in the first 4 feet and 7 feet POWERGOOD signals whether the output signal 4 into
POWERGOOD 7
Out
h check VCC2.5V and whether the short-circuit short-circuit the Northbridge 1.25V bad
5 reset does not boot

a. clock. reset. Southbridge voltage is normal
b. Charles PW-OK, and PWR-GOOD signal is normal
c. TTL circuits and related components, check whether the abnormal
d. check the AD PCI signal and control signal to the South Bridge
e. South Bridge poor body
f. South Bridge side of the frequency of the crystal 32.768K less will affect the reset does not open, will
also affect the COM port test, but
g. MS-3 is normal
h. NVIDIA chipset, BIOS is bad
7 Delay start
a. clock frequency, voltage is normal
b. clock chip side of the resistance, exclusion, with or without frequency output
c. TTL circuits and MS-5, MS-7 is related to the normal line
d. network chip voltage is normal or poor body
e. BIOS to the South Bridge, the signal is normal
8 Reset Boot
a. check whether the bad BIOS information
b. check reset, whether the low frequency
c. check FP-RST signal and related components are normal
d. PCI lines are normal to the South Bridge
e. South Bridge Ontology bad run DD
other
a. check CMOS settings are consistent with the CPU itself, the frequency
b. check CPU multiplier signal (4 signals directly to the South Bridge)
c. check the voltage settings are normal
d. check CPU's control signals]
e. check clock chip power supply. output frequency is normal
f. check MS-3 (next to the power transistor, the voltage down)
Short-circuit board
1. Observation
2. Touch method
3. Exclusion
4. From small range to large-scale
5. A signal line North Bridge voltage 5V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, DDR-VTT, VCORE, VCC-AGP, VTT-VID
South Bridge Voltage 3.3V, 25V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 3VSB
I / O 5V, 3.3V, 5VSB
BIOS 3.3V, 5V
Audio chip 3.3V, 5V 8738 is 5V
Network chip 3.3V, 3VSB
Power management chip 12V, 5V, VCORE
Clock 3.3V, 2.5V
75,232 plus or minus 12V, 5V
South Bridge PCI on 14PIN have 3VSB
For the short-circuit boards to repair

a search of all AD board signal lines, including (CPU Block, PCI, DIMM, ISA)
b. other control signals and clock chip, the clock chip output pin, all the I / O interface signals and diodes
are normal (resistance)
CPU voltage anomalies to maintenance

a. first check CPU voltage, power management ICs and MOS tube a short circuit and burn out
phenomenon
b. check the signal is normal VID0-VID5
THREE MAIN POINT OF MOTHERBOARD REPAIRING
1, non-maintenance of electricity
1, Southbridge (electricity) 1, Southbridge (electricity)
2, I / O (power supply) 2, I / O (Power)
3, the door circuit (VCC) 3, the door circuit (VCC)
4, XY (both ends voltage) 4, XY (both ends voltage)
5, COMS battery 5, COMS battery
6, Jump (jumper cap) 2.5V-3.3V 6, Jump (jumper cap) 2.5V-3.3V
7, Power-on is not level transistor 5V 7, Power-on is not level transistor 5V
8, 5VSB 8, 5VSB
9, power-on 9, power-on
2 No reset of maintenance Second, no reset of maintenance

1, check the clock chip's power supply 3.3-2.5V, inductor or greater than the amount of around 0 Ohm
resistor. 1, check the clock chip's power supply 3.3-2.5V, inductor or greater than the amount of around 0
Ohm resistor.
2, the amount of 14.318 crystal work is normal, in turn, the amount of two feet, voltage 1.5-1.6V.
3, Power-ok there is no 5V voltage, if not, check the circuit along the line. 3, Power-ok there is no 5V
voltage, if not, check the circuit along the line.
4, the amount of South Bridge, the clock signal is normal, the amount of 330,220,110 next to the voltage
1.6V.
5, Southbridge power supply to normal, the amount of MOS, 1117 have 3.3 or 5V supply. 5, Southbridge
power supply to normal, the amount of MOS, 1117 have 3.3 or 5V supply.
6, the amount of 32.768 crystal is normal intel 0.5V VIA 1.5V. 6, the amount of 32.768 crystal is normal
intel 0.5V VIA 1.5V.
7, the amount of reset switch on the voltage is 3.3V or 5V, if there is no voltage, check along the
switching line, generally leads to two gates, or gate leading to a foot, another foot leading to gate.
8, detection gate voltage of 3.3V-5V. 8, detection gate voltage of 3.3V-5V.
9, the amount of PCI, AGB, IDE, I / O reset pin to ground are not shorted.
10, the amount of Vcore are normal.
11, the amount of ATX Power Supply 3.3V, 12V, 5V are normal.
3, FF maintenance 3, FF maintenance
1, in the voltage of each group under normal circumstances, the amount of each bus-to-ground
resistance.
2, CPU to the North bridge 32 address lines, 64 data lines to-ground resistance 350-750.
3, South Bridge to the North Bridge-to-ground resistance 350-750
4, South Bridge to the AD line of PCI-to-ground resistance should be the same.
5, the amount of BIOS, clock, reset, AD line.
6, brush BIOS. 6, brush BIOS.
7, the clock IC power supply.
8, memory, power supply.
HOW COMPUTER MOTHERBORD POWER SUPPLY USED
ATX12V EPS12V power supply circuits from the module to be + 12v voltage, converted to the (central
processing unit, memory, chipset, etc.). Power supply module circuit from the ATX12V EPS12V get +
12v voltage, converted to the (central processing unit, memory , chipsets, etc.). This conversion is a DC-
DC converter, also known as switching power supplies, as like the PC-power supply. This conversion is a
DC-DC converter, also known as switching power supplies, as like the PC-power supply.
PWM-pulse width modulation controller is the heart of this process. PWM-pulse width modulation
controller is the heart of this process. PWM square wave signal generated by phase, from the signal
determined by the load voltage, that is, its duty cycle is proportional to the output target (for example,
50% duty cycle: half the time the output is low potential - usually a zero potential, the other 50% of the
time the output of high potential - this time for the power supply module + 12v. PWM square wave signal
generated by the phase from the signal determined by the load voltage, that is, its duty cycle is
proportional to the output target value (for example, 50% duty cycle: half the time the output is low
potential - usually a zero potential, and 50% of the time the output of high potential - this time for the
power supply module + 12v.
Power supply module output voltage value must be read from the processor's "voltage ID" (VID) pins
(called hard to change the voltage),, which must provide a binary code and a precise voltage value.
Power supply module output voltage must be read obtained from the processor's "voltage ID" (VID) pins
(called hard to change the voltage),, which must provide a binary code and a precise voltage value.
Some of the motherboard in the BIOS allowed you to manually change the CPU voltage. Some of the
motherboard in the BIOS allowed you to manually change the CPU voltage. PWM is set to change the
code, followed PWM has been configured will change according to your CPU voltage. Is to change the
PWM settings for the code, followed PWM has been configured will change according to your CPU
voltage. We are talking about the CPU voltage regulation also applies to memory and chipset. We are
talking about the CPU voltage regulation also applies to memory and chipset.
DC-DC converter is a closed-loop system. DC-DC converter is a closed-loop system. This means that
ongoing monitoring of the output PWM controller, power supply module output voltage. This means that
ongoing monitoring of the output PWM controller, power supply module output voltage. If the voltage
increase or decrease the output circuit will adjust itself (change the frequency of pulse-width modulated
signal) in order to output the correct voltage. If the voltage increase or decrease the output circuit will
adjust itself (change the frequency of pulse-width modulated signal ) in order to output the correct
voltage. As well as the successful completion of the same and vice versa. As well as the successful
completion of the same and vice versa.
Figure 15's circuit often appeared CPU module power supply PWM controller (NCP5392). Figure 15 of
the circuit often appeared in CPU power module's PWM Controller (NCP5392). You can easily identify
the definition of voltage pin (VID0 to VID7), loop pin (CS, in the left of the current sensor pin) and the
phase output driver (located in the right G needle,). You can easily identifiable voltage is defined pin
(VID0 to VID7), loop pin (CS, in the left of the current sensor pin) and the phase output driver (located on
the right G needle,). As you can see, the IC can control the four phases. As you can see, the IC can
control the four phases
Figure 15: PWM controller.
Each phase uses two MOSFET and an inductor. Each phase uses two MOSFET and an inductor. PWM
does not provide enough current switching of these MOSFET, so each phase requires a MOSFET driver.
PWM does not provide enough current switching of these MOSFET, so each phase requires a MOSFET
driver. Usually MOSFET driver is a small integrated circuit. Usually MOSFET driver is a small integrated
circuit. Some manufacturers low-end motherboard in order to reduce the cost of using a discrete
MOSFET do for driving. Some manufacturers low-end motherboard in order to reduce the cost of using a
discrete MOSFET is done for driving.
In Figure 16 you can see the basic diagram of a phase plate (loop omitted) from a NCP5359 MOSFET
driver. In Figure 16 you can see the basic diagram of a phase plate (loop omitted) from a NCP5359
MOSFET driver. EPS12V ATX12V supply MOSFET and the MOSFET driver (his mark on the "10 V to
13.2 V" and "4v to 15 V). In this diagram you can see two MOSFET capacitance and inductance. This
feedback signal and the inductor and the CS + (CSP) and CS-(CSN) pin in parallel. The provision of
these pin and a PWM enable terminal EN to activate the circuit. EPS12V ATX12V supply MOSFET and
the MOSFET driver (his mark on the "10 V to 13.2 V" and " 4v to 15 V). In this diagram you can see two
MOSFET capacitance and inductance. This feedback signal and the inductor and the CS + (CSP) and
CS-(CSN) pin parallel. The PWM to provide these pin and an enable terminal EN to activate the circuit.
Figure 16: Single-phase schematic diagram of
As you can see in Figure 15, each phase has a PWM signal output. As you can see in Figure 15, each
phase has a PWM signal output. Need to explain that the pulse width modulation signal is a pulse-width
(duty cycle) change depending on the load voltage, square wave (which is why this technique is called
pulse-width modulation). Need to explain that the pulse-width modulated signal is a pulse-width (duty
cycle) change depending on the load voltage, square wave (which is why this technique is called pulse-
width modulation). Assuming that this output voltage stability, all the pulse-width modulated signal will
have the same width, that is, each square wave "signal" are the same. Assume that the output voltage
stability, all the pulse-width modulated signal will have the same pulse width, that is, each square wave
"signal" are the same. However, there is a delay between them. However, there is a delay between
them. Depends on the phase alternation. Depends on the phase alternation.
For example, in a circuit, only two-phase, the two PWM signals will be run separately. For example, in a
circuit, only two-phase, the two PWM signals will be run separately. So when the first phase is opened,
the second phase will be turned off, and vice versa. So when the first phase is opened, the second
phase will be turned off, and vice versa. This will ensure that each phase will be 50% of the time. This
will ensure that each phase will be 50% of the time. Of a circuit of four-phase pulse-width modulated
signal will be in the same way will start: the first phase appears first, and then the second phase is
activated, then the third phase, and then four-phase. On a circuit The four-phase pulse-width modulated
signal will be in the same way will start: the first phase appears first, and then the second phase is
activated, then the third phase, and then four-phase. When a phase is open to all the other people are
turned off. When a phase is open to all the other people are turned off. In this case, each phase will
account for 25%. In this case, each phase will account for 25%.
Additional phase, each phase to open less time. More phases, each phase to open less time. As
previously explained, which makes each MOSFET to reduce heat release, components last longer. As
previously explained, which makes each MOSFET to reduce heat release, components last longer.
MOTHERBOARD POWER CONTROLL FOULT

The general power output controller for higher current, heat large, if the control chip, or poor quality or
cooling Manifold poor
A high failure rate. As well as its surrounding long-term power supply filter capacitor for high-temperature
environment, will be made because the electrolyte dry
Into a failure, which led to increased power output of the ripple caused by the motherboard job instability.
The fault does not arise in a board, of which 60% of the failures will lead to the motherboard could not
start work; 35%
Failure will make the motherboard not working correctly; another 5% of the special random failure, the
performance of the state of instability for the motherboard.
11. Check the motherboard failures common method of
Motherboard failure is often manifested in the system failed to start, the screen no display and intuitive
judgments are difficult to fault phenomena. Here are
Maintenance methods have advantages and limitations, are often used in combination.
1. Cleaning Method
Can be used to brush gently brush the dust on the motherboard In addition, a number of add-in cards on
the motherboard, chip pin form, often
Because of poor contact pin oxidation. Eraser can be used to the surface oxide layer, re-plug.
2. Observation
Repeated view of the board and needed repairs to see if the plugs and sockets is skew, resistance,
capacitance pin is touching the surface,
Is burned, the chip surface is cracking, copper on the motherboard is blown. Would also like to see if
there is foreign matter falling into the motherboard
Between components. Encountered in areas of doubt, you can look at the amount of help multimeter.
Touch the surface of some chips, such as the
Abnormal hot fruit can try for a chip.
3. Resistance, voltage measurement method

To prevent accidents, what should be measured before the power-board +5 V power supply and ground
(GND) between the electrical

Resistance. The most simple way is to measure the power chip resistor between the pin and the ground.
The power plug is not inserted, the resistance
In general should be 300Ω, the minimum should not be less than 100Ω. Test-retest about reverse
resistance values, slightly different, but not phase
Difference is too large. If the positive and negative or close to the resistance of a small turn-on, it shows
a short circuit occurs, you should check the reasons for short. Rise to this
The reasons for such phenomena as the following:
(1) system has been the breakdown of the chip board.

In general more difficult to rule out such a failure. For example, TTL chips (LS Series)
The +5 V connected together, can absorb +5 V pin on the solder, so that suspension, one by one
measurement, in order to identify fault-chip
Sub. If we adopt the secant method will certainly affect the life of the motherboard.
(2) The board on any damage to the resistance and capacitance.
(3) Conductive debris on the board there. When excluding short-circuit fault, the plug in all the I / O
cards, measuring +5 V, +12 V and the
To whether the short-circuit. +12 V in particular, whether it collide with the surrounding signal. When
there is a good hand the same type of motherboard
When measurement of resistance can also be measured on-board method of doubt, by contrast, you can
quickly find chip failures
When these steps were not bear fruit, you can plug in the power supply power-measurement. Generally
measured power supply +5 V and +12 V.
When they find out too much of a voltage deviation from the standard, you can cut through the
separation or some wire or unplug some chips and then
Measuring voltage. When cut a certain wire or unplug a piece of silicon, if the voltage becomes normal,
then this leads to a meta-lead devices
Documents or pull down the chip is the failures.
4. Swap exchange
The host system to produce failure for various reasons, such as the motherboard's own fault or I / O bus
on a variety of card failure would
Can cause the system not functioning correctly. Using plug repair method is to determine the fault in the
motherboard or I / O devices fast-track approach. The
Way is to shut down the plug-in board-by-block pull out, pull out a board on the start of each observation
of the machine running, once pulled out of a
Block after the board is running normally, then the cause of the malfunction is that the plug-in board
failure or the corresponding I / O bus slots and the load circuit so
Barrier. If the pull all the plug-in board to start after the system is still not normal, then the fault is likely on
the motherboard. Exchange method using real
Terms of quality is to the same type plug-in board, consistent with the way the bus, feature the same
plug-in board or the same model chip-chip phase with each other
Mutual exchange, according to the changes in the phenomenon of failure to determine failures. This
method is used for easy plug maintenance environment, such as
Memory self-test error, the same interchangeable memory chips or memory to determine the cause of
troubles.
5. Static and dynamic measurement and analysis method

(1) The static measurement: Let the board be suspended in a close-up state, by the principles of logic or
chip output and
Enter the logical relationship between the use multimeter or logic level pen measuring the relevant points
to analyze and judge the cause of troubles.
(2) Dynamic Measurement and Analysis of Law: the preparation of specific procedures or artificial
assertion normal conditions, the machine is running
Using oscilloscope to observe the waveform components, and compared with the normal waveform to
determine fault location.
6. Simplest to most sophisticated and integrated method to determine the composition of Principle
With the extensive application of large scale integrated circuit, the control logic on the motherboard
integrated more and more, its logic right
Is increasingly difficult to determine by measuring. The logic can be used to determine the relationship
between the first chip and a simple resistance-capacitance components, will be so
Barrier concentrated in the logical relationship is hard to determine the large-scale integrated circuit
chips.
7. Software diagnostics
Through random diagnostic procedures, special maintenance diagnostics card and based on various
technical parameters (such as interface address), self-compiled specifically
With diagnostic procedures to aid in hardware maintenance can achieve a multiplier effect. Principle of
program testing method is to use the software to send the number of
It is, order, by reading the line status, and a chip (such as the register) state to identify the fault position.
This method is often used
For inspections in a variety of interface circuit faults and the various circuit parameters with the address.
However, this method applied on the premise that CPU and base
Bus operating normally, be able to run the diagnostic software that can run the installation on the I / O
bus slots on the diagnosis of cards.
Prepared by the diagnostic procedures to be strict, comprehensive and focused, enabling emergence of
certain key parts of a regular signal, can be
Occasional failure of repeated testing, and can show an error of record.
First, boot no display type fault
1: motherboard does not start, boot-free shows that the memory alarm sound ( "Didi" to call a non-stop)
Cause of the malfunction: Memory alarm failure is more common, is mainly caused by poor contact of memory.
For example, non-standard memory, the memory of a bit thin, when the memory into the memory slot, leaving
some gaps; memory of the finger technique is poor, the surface of gold-plated cheat poor over time, Finger surface
oxide layer gradually thickened, leading to poor contact memory; memory slot of poor quality, reed contact with
the memory of the finger is not really so.
Approach: Open box, with rubber carefully wipe the memory clean of the finger to get down and re-insert memory
look, with hot melt adhesive to the memory slots on both sides of the gap filled to prevent oxidation of the use of
the process to continue. Note: In-swappable memory be sure to unplug the power cord off the host, to prevent
accidental burning of the memory.
2: motherboard does not start, boot no display, there are graphics alarm sound (a long two short tweet)
Cause of the malfunction: Normally, graphics card loose or damaged. Approach: Open box, put a good graphics
card can be re-inserted. To check the AGP slot if there were a small foreign body, otherwise it would be graphics
card will not plug in place; the board for the use of voice alarm should be careful to distinguish the contents of the
voice prompts, and then solve the corresponding failure based on content.
If the above approach even after the police, it could be bad graphics chips, and replace or repair card. If the boot
after the hear "tick," gave the self-test passed, but that did not display the normal image, put the card inserted in the
other motherboard, use the normal, that is, graphics are not compatible with the motherboard, graphics card should
be replaced.
3: motherboard does not start, boot no display, no alarm sound

Failure reason: There are many reasons, mainly the following.
Approach: For the following reasons, one by one to exclude. Ask you are familiar with digital circuit analog circuit,
will use the multimeter, and sometimes also need to check with DEBUG card failure.
(1) CPU issues
CPU no electricity: multimeter test CPU can be used around the three (or a) field pipe and three (or a) rectifier
diode, check the CPU for damage.
CPU socket pins are missing or loose: the performance of such failures as the point does not light or non-crash.
Need to open the surface of the superstructure of the CPU socket, carefully observe with your eyes whether the
deformation of the pin.
CPU fan socket fixed clamp fracture: You can consider the use of other fixation methods, generally do not replace
the CPU socket, because the left hand soldering easier to hidden failures. SOCKET370 of the CPU, its fixed the
radiator through the CPU sockets, if the fixed leaf spring too tight, demolition must be careful when, otherwise it
will cause a plastic clamp fracture, there is no way a fixed CPU fan.
CPU frequency CMOS settings wrong inside: as long as you can clear the CMOS to solve. Clear CMOS jumper on
the motherboard in general vicinity of the lithium batteries, its default location is generally 1,2 short, as long as its
changed for the 2,3-short jump a few seconds you can solve the problem, for the previous old motherboard, such as
the finding does not to the jumper, as long as the battery removed, to be displayed into the CMOS settings and then
boot off the battery to install up will also allow CMOS discharge.
(2) motherboard expansion slot or an expansion card problem
Because the motherboard or expansion card expansion slot problems, leading to plug in graphics cards, sound cards
and other expansion cards, the motherboard does not respond, thus creating a boot no display. For example, brute-
force disassembly AGP graphics card, resulting in cracking AGP slot, you can cause such failures.
(3) memory problems
Motherboard does not recognize the memory, memory corruption or memory does not match: Some older
motherboards more selective memory, once the plug in the motherboard does not recognize the memory,
motherboards, will not start, and even some motherboards do not fault tips (tweet). In addition, if the plug in
different brands, types of memory, and sometimes lead to such failures.
Memory slots Broken Needle or burning: sometimes because of excessive force or improper installation method
will cause deformation of the memory slot of the spring break, so that the memory slot scrapped. Note: Plug
memory should be the vertical force, do not shake around. In the swap memory before the host must unplug the
power to prevent the use of STR function, memory, live, burning memory. In addition, do not install anti-memory,
and to avoid power-up and burned in memory. But now the motherboard, generally foolproof will be designed to
insert anti-.
(4) The motherboard BIOS is damaged
The motherboard BIOS the hardware store important data, while the motherboard BIOS is the more vulnerable
parts susceptible to damage, once damaged it will cause the system to not run.
Such failures usually occur because the motherboard BIOS has been caused by CIH virus attack. In general after
the virus destroyed BIOS, hard disk where data will be all lost, you can detect the hard disk data is intact, in order
to determine whether the BIOS has been damaged; in a time when DEBUG card can also be through the BIOS on
the card indicator light to determine whether the . When the BIOS, BOOT block has not been destroyed, start after
the display does not shine, PC speakers have "toot" sound the alarm; if BOOT is damaged, then, after power on,
power supply and hard disk lights, CPU fan turn, but it does not start at this time only through the programmer to
rewrite the BIOS.
You can also plug in ISA card, see if there is displayed (if prompted, can prompt steps below.), If there is no boot
screen, you can even act as an automatic update BIOS, floppy disk, re-update BIOS, but there are The motherboard
BIOS is damaged, the floppy drive simply does not work, at this time recommend to service providers, device will
be used to write code to write BIOS in the BIOS update file.
(5) CMOS battery problem using the
Press the power switch, hard drive and power lights, CPU fan turn, but the host does not start. When, after
removing the battery, you can start normally.
(6) The board automatically protect lock
Some motherboard with automatic detection protection function, when the power supply voltage is abnormal, or
CPU overclocking, adjusting the voltage is too high occurs, will automatically lock to stop working. Performance is
what the board does not start, then the CMOS after discharge may be combined with electric start, and some
motherboards need to board the power to open, hold down the RESET key to unlock it.
(7) capacitors on the motherboard is damaged
Check the capacitors on the motherboard, or whether the bubble burst. When the capacitor voltage is too high or
because of long high temperature BBQ will bubble or drip fluid, when the capacity of capacitance decrease or loss
of capacity, capacitance will lose filtering function, the provision of load current to increase the exchange of
components , resulting in CPU, memory, and the relevant board job insecurity, manifested as easy to hang or
system instability, often a blue screen.
4: motherboard temperature control disorders, leading to boot no display
ASUS P3B-F motherboard can monitor the CPU temperature, using a temperature monitoring 2Pin lines, inserted
in the CPU slot beside the pins on the JTP. Later, in the course of time playing the game, the machine suddenly a
blue screen, reboot, wait until the CD-ROM, hard disk self-test does not actually exhausted display bright.
Failure reason: connected to the motherboard's temperature-controlled off-line, off the motherboard, causing the
motherboard automatically protect the state, refused to increase power. As the CPU heat is very large, many
motherboards offer a strict temperature control and protection devices. General CPU temperature is too high, or on
the motherboard temperature monitoring system fails, the motherboard will automatically enter the protection.
Refuse to power-start, or alarm.
Approach: Re-connecting the temperature control cable, and then you can boot. Note that if your motherboard does
not start properly or alarm, you should first check the motherboard temperature monitoring devices are normal.
5: Computer frequently crashes, conducting crash CMOS settings will appear the phenomenon of
Cause of the malfunction: is generally bad or motherboard motherboard design thermal problem caused by Cache.
Approach: If the heat is not good enough because of the motherboard caused the failure, you can touch the CPU
after the crash around the motherboard components, you will find that the temperature is very hot, in the
replacement of high-power fans, the crash failure can be resolved.
If it is a problem caused by Cache, you can enter the CMOS settings, immediately after the Cache prohibited. Of
course, Cache ban, the machine speed would certainly be affected. If the fault can not be resolved according to the
law, it is motherboard or CPU have problems, only to replace the motherboard or CPU.
6: CMOS parameters of the loss, after the boot prompt "CMOS Battery State Low", and sometimes you can start to
use some time after the crash.
Cause of the malfunction: This phenomenon mostly due to power shortages in CMOS.
Approach: If it is welded battery, you can re-power soldering iron can be welded on a new battery; if it is button-
type battery can be replaced; if it is chip-type battery, you can replace the chip, preferably in the same type chip
replacement.
If you replace the battery, the time is not long, suffers from a similar phenomenon, it is likely to be board leakage,
you can check the diodes, or capacitors on the motherboard is damaged, you can also use an external battery
jumper.
7: CMOS settings can not be saved
Cause of the malfunction: is generally caused due to lack of motherboard battery approach: replacement of the
battery can. If you have the battery replaced the motherboard, but also solve the problem, you should check the
motherboard CMOS jumper have any questions, sometimes because it would be wrong on the motherboard CMOS
jumper set to clear the option, or set to an external battery, will be made CMOS data can not be saved. If not the
above reasons, you can determine that the circuit board there are problems, I suggest you look for professional
repair.
8: Board anti-virus does not shut down, resulting in the system can not be installed
Install Win98 initial stage, the screen suddenly appeared on a black rectangular area, such as what prompt, and then
stop installed. Adjust the display brightness and contrast switches are also invalid, killing the virus with anti-virus
software and did not find any viruses.
Failure Cause: This behavior is easier to buy in the new motherboard, because by default, the new motherboard
BIOS in the anti-virus is set mostly Enabled, it will appear similar to the failure.
Approaches: carefully read the motherboard manual. Into the CMOS setup program, the "BIOS Features Setup"
(BIOS feature set) in the "Virus Warning" (Virus Warning) option from the "Enabled" (allow) set to "Disabled"
(Prohibition), you can solve the problem .
9: Installing Windows, or start Windows when the mouse is not available
A old 586 computer, install Windows, or when you start Windows the mouse is not available to replace a good
mouse, the fault is still not be excluded. Suspected to be board PS / 2 mouse interface failure, to get the professional
board test points, check the PS / 2 mouse port to normal.
Cause of the malfunction: CMOS parameter errors caused by IRQ settings. Such failure is common in the old 586
computer, new motherboard generally will not have this problem.
Approach: In the CMOS settings, power management field, there is a Modem use IRQ project, options were 3,4,5
......, NA, in general it is the default option for three, set it to 3 other than the interruption of items, you can
troubleshoot.
In addition, a number of old 586 computers, COM port and LPT port is connected through a signal cable connected
to the chassis outside of the signal line of the access method, with the board differ, if the access method does not
also lead to the mouse is not available, their access laws generally have the following two:
(1) signal line in accordance with the order of 1 to 9, in turn connected with the connector;
(2) signal line and the connection point cross-linked above a row of connectors are connected to the signal lines
1,3,5,7,9, following a row as 2,4,6,8.
10: Cache on the motherboard is damaged
Cache on the motherboard is damaged, the performance to run the software crashes, or simply can not install the
software.
Approach: in the CMOS settings, "External Cache" entry set to "Disable" after troubleshooting.
3, I / O device is not functioning properly fault
11: board COM port or parallel port, IDE port failure
Cause of the malfunction: General is due to hot plug hardware caused by the user.
Approach: You can use multi-function card instead. But instead, you must first ban on the motherboard that comes
with COM port and parallel port, pay attention to some motherboards with IDE port to be banned, before being
used normally.
12: can not use the keyboard interface on the motherboard
Good to connect a keyboard, power on self test when prompted "Keyboard Interface Error" after the crash, unplug
the keyboard, re-inserted to pursue a normal start the system, using the keyboard no response after a period of time.
Failure reason: plug the keyboard several times, causing loose keyboard interface board.
Approach: remove the motherboard can be a good electric soldering iron to re-. If it is charged plug the keyboard,
causing a form of insurance on the motherboard of the power block (on the motherboard marked as Fn things), put
on a 1 ohm / 0.5 watt resistor.
13: integrated on the motherboard display adapter failure
The Great Wall has a computer, the boot sound 8 sound, determine display adapter failure. Open the case found that
the display adapter integrated on the motherboard, nor the motherboard manual.
Cause of the malfunction: After boot ring several more, most of them do not insert a good memory, motherboard or
display adapter failure.
Approach: a close look at the jumpers on the motherboard marked, shielding out the motherboard on the integrated
display device, some motherboard CMOS settings need to prohibit the integrated graphics on the motherboard; and
then plug in the expansion slot on the card can be good.
14: the printer parallel port on the motherboard is damaged
Of more than 486 computers, printers, parallel port integrated on the motherboard most prone to such failures,
resulting in not print.
Cause of the malfunction: Charged plug the printer cable signals, most likely to cause damage to the parallel port
on the motherboard.
Approach: Check whether the printer supports DOS printing, in pure DOS mode, use the DIR> PRN (only for
needle and some laser printers, inkjet printers and effective), see Printing is normal; see motherboard manual,
through "to prohibit or allow on the motherboard parallel port function "related to jumper, set the" mask "function
on the motherboard parallel port (or through the CMOS settings to shield), and then in the ISA expansion slot you
can add a multi-function card.
15: the motherboard of soft / hard disk controller is damaged
Cause of the malfunction: from 486 started, most motherboards have integrated soft / hard disk controller, the
controller damage mostly caused by electrically charged pluggable.
Approach: For the following conditions are dealt with separately.
(1) floppy disk controller on the motherboard is damaged you can change the jumper, or CMOS settings, plus a
multi-function card, Gaoding.
(2) hard disk controller, a bad hard drive, if the access is less than 528MB, you can add a multi-function card,; if by
then the hard disk is larger than 528MB, need to update the motherboard BIOS, or the use of relevant software.
16: IDE connection error, can not find hard drive
A 40GB console, in a dual-drive Duikao, re-connecting to the main hard drive and boot the machine prompts can
not find any IDE device, can not find the hard disk can not access WinXP. After the restart enter the CMOS setup
program and found not detect any IDE devices are not detected from another hard drive.
Fault reasons: frequent occurrence of such failures. If it is not the hard disk itself is damaged, then the wrong
motherboard IDE cable or IDE port is damaged, can lead to such failures. In addition, hang the hard disk, if the
failure to make timely change the jumper, there will be a similar situation. The investigation in this case is caused
by the errors IDE cable, ATA/100 hard drive line Slave port connected to the hard disk.
Approach: Master port can be replaced.
4, power failures category
17: power switch or RESET key to damage boot after a few seconds automatically shut down.
Cause of the malfunction: Now a lot of switches and lights on the chassis, headphone jack, USB socket poor
quality. If the RESET key is pressed after the bombs are not up, after power on because the host is always reset, so
press the power switch, the host will be no response, and processing power are not the same, so the power light and
hard disk light does not shine, CPU the fan not to switch.
Approach: Open chassis, repair power switch or the RESET button. Mostly on the motherboard power switching
power supply, the power tubes used for the separation of the device and, if damaged, as long as the replacement
power tubes, capacitors can be.
18: power supply socket with virtual access, loose
This situation is rare, may from time to time to restart the emergence of the phenomenon.
Approach: inspection can be turned on, the hand-shaking every part of the power line interface to see if there is
failure phenomenon.
19: insurance resistor fuse on the motherboard
There can not find the keyboard and mouse, USB mobile devices can not be used and so on.
Fault reasons: the insurance resistor fuse on the motherboard.
Approach: determine the methods of simple, use the multimeter to measure the resistance of files off of. If that is
indeed the insurance resistor fuse, you can use 0.5OHM about resistance replace.
20: Power not the machine is configured to nForce2 motherboard, Athlon XP 1700 + (overclocked to 2400 +) CPU,
each boot to be repeated by several times the total "Power" button to light up the computer, and sometimes still in
testing standstill when the hard disk, and restart one can usually solve the problem.
Cause of the malfunction: Athlon XP 2400 +'s power has reached 70W, while the nForce2 motherboard circuit
design of the power supply stability requirements are very high.
Approach: replacement of brand-name power supply, you can troubleshoot. Chassis poor power supply, the
computer will cause great harm to the various parts. Proposed nForce2 motherboard players in preparation for a 300
~ 350W brand names (such as the Great Wall, buffalo, HuntKey, etc.) power supply. 5, hardware compatibility
failures
21: the motherboard is not compatible with the display
PC configurations for the elite P6ISA-II motherboard (i815E chipset), Samsung 750S monitor, install the driver
later, when the boot display appears stripes and actually does not restart after the display of the imaging. Use
substitution to replace all the parts in turn, found that when using P6ISA-II motherboard with Samsung 750S
equipped with machines, fault occurs, and if the block with this motherboard compatible with the other displays,
fault does not appear.
Cause of the malfunction: the motherboard is not compatible with the monitor approach: replace the motherboard
or the display can solve the problem.
22: the motherboard and memory are not compatible machines are nForce2 motherboard, added a 256MB Kingmax
DDR400 (TinyBGA package) memory, and the composition of the original memory, dual-channel mode, but the
added memory, the system becomes very unstable, play games from time to time when the automatic restart or
crash.
Cause of the malfunction: nForce2 motherboard memory more selective about the other, Kingmax memory, and a
lot of motherboards are not compatible with the existence of the problem.
Approach: nForce2 motherboard with Kingston's DDR333 (Infenion particles), DDR400 (Winbond particles), and
Samsung original memory, with very good, we recommend installation of this type of memory.
23: the driver is not compatible with the motherboard in a number of brand-name motherboard, sometimes there
such a phenomenon: the motherboard driver Asus after the restart the computer in normal mode does not enter the
Win98 desktop, or a crash occurs, CD-ROM drive access slow phenomenon, and that the driver can not be
uninstalled under Win98.
Cause of the malfunction: the motherboard and the driver is not compatible.
Approach: find the latest motherboard driver re-install, issues are generally able to resolve. If not, you can re-install
the system.

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INTERSOFT MOBILE, LAPTOP REPAIRING INSTITUTE 9824144698 (0261) 2424396

DESKTOP MOTHERBORD SHORT NOTES

DETAIL OF CPU SOCKET AND USE WITH PROCESSOR)

Socket 2: 486 SX, DX, & DX2 238

Socket 4: Pentium 60 & 66 273

Socket 6: 486 DX4 (75, 100, 133) 235

Socket 370: Intel Celeron, Pentium III 370

Slot A: AMD K7, Athlon 242

Socket A: AMD Athlon, AMD Duron 462

Socket 423: Early Pentium 4 423

Socket 478: Newer Pentium 4 478

CPU TYPES BUS WIDTH

CPU TYPES BUS SPEEDS in MHz

Pentium 50, 60, 66

S.M.P.S (SWTTCH MODE POWER SUPPLY)

Atx connection pin out detail

Power good when not

EXTRA ATX CONNECTOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MOTHERBOARD

1 RESET = POWER GOOD

for sound and lan different crystal

There are normally three types of bus in any processor system:

Processor Schematic Architecture

SERIAL PORT CONNECTOR

RESISTER SOME WITH GROUND IF CHANGE THEN IC PROBLEM

PRINTER PRINTER PORT IC

Remove all capacitor if problem

Plug & Receptacle Pin outs

Standard USB Pinout & Cable Color Code

Mini-USB Type-A Pinout & Cable Color Code

Mini-USB Type-B Pinout & Cable Color Code

RTC REAL TIME CLOCK

BEFORE START IC GOTS VOLTAGE

USB CONTROLLER (HDD USB)

pinout of hard disk connector

*No Light on keyboard

I/O (INPUT/OUTPUT) IC :---

POWER ICS DETAIL AND USED

Mainboard: How to check Mosfet

Composed of light Mofet

 Pole base (Drain) - D

 Pole source (Source) - S

Characteristics of Mosfet reverse (using the Mainboard)

Light damage cases

Comparisons with the lights Mosfet

Measurements to check the lights Mosfet Mainboard

Measuring light Mosfet not be short?

Explain the results of measurements as follows:

=> If the two-dimensional measure that:

=> If the two-dimensional measurement of 0 Ω to see metal as being short Mosfet D - S

As illustrated above we see that

4.2 -- Measuring the quality control of light Mosfet

The following cases are broken lights Mosfet

Application on the Mainboard of the Mosfet

Break open Mosfet operating in lower voltage circuits

Mosfet circuit voltage stabilizer in power for CPU (VRM circuit)

May 3 - Mosfet is used instead of the port island

Characteristics of the Mosfet on the Mainboard

- Characteristics of the Mainboard is to use low voltage but large current

 12V current consumption is about 2 to 3A

Example 1 : A light on the Mainboard Mosfet parameters are as follows:

 Withstand voltage between D - S only 30V

 Withstand voltage is 200V but the DS