System Power Laptop Motherboard

Laptop Motherboard has THREE Power distribution system :

1.VALW / Power Always or MAIN DC POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT LINE
Power used is DC ( Direct current ) DC voltage  in use 19V 3.2A generally but there is also  15V - 20V 
adapter RANGE voltage used depend on LAPTOP brands.
It better to use motherboard manufacture by using Motherboard code ,we would know how much adapter
voltage usage.Clavo motherboard manufacture usually use for 18.5V~3.2a Quanta
19V~3.4a   Toshiba(15V-19V) , IBM(16V-19V) Compal-Inventec-Winstron- etc. ) .

VALW also supplying adapter current sensor detector detected by charger IC (see datasheet to know how
system charging/discharging work) ,When the charger ic sensor detects  current adapter present
ACIN~ACDET funcion pin on schema )and confirmed to SIO to manage charging system .

Acin / ACEDET is important as the voltage sensor for ic voltage charger to pass (adp) Adapter fets
current, passed several resistor voltage 19V voltage scaled according to demand charger ic (V.i.R)..
The are standard voltage for sensor each Charger ic .Open datasheet ic charger  concerned for more
detail .

For more details please see the workings again chager ic / ic battery
VALW /Always Voltage The main VALW supply comes from adaptor,Started from DC jack flow to MAIN
VALW Circuit.this is a MAIN POWER INSTALATION  ON CIRCUIT ,some of using FUSE (F) to safety reason
some not.This main power supply circuit using 1 or more P Channel mosfet transistor
to maintain stabilized power and distribute power for Charger IC and DC/DC main power supply IC as
VCC Power supply.This is important power need to activate that component.Main power also contribute N
channel source adapter voltage need  processed by the DC / DC main power supply  IC (see the
datasheet to know how this ic work) produced 3V and 5V_ALW and supply whole 5V and 3V device. if
one of this Power missing ,motherboard will not be able to live or referred to the dead .

Before discussing the Power 5V and 3V_ALW should we understand the pathways 19V_ALW . Starting
from Jack Power Adaptor sure incoming voltage by a voltage adapter . example is work at 19V~3.2a

Make sure the voltage is present 19V_ALW or (according adapter voltage) for ic charger / Battery ic VCC
and for adapter current sensor detector (greater than 2.4V). missing this supply 19V stop by CSIP than
19V blocked by Analog ground coming from charging IC .some other board  blocking 19V by
closing/opening gate P channel mosfet . Than 19V stop and won't supply to +BAT line and deactivated
motherboard 3V and 5V system.

 DC / DC main power supply ic and upper /hi N channel (Source )need 19V  adapter voltage as VCC
power to activated component.
To more clearly see the link how the DC / DC main power supply ic
and how to work the upper and lower N channel 5V and 3V voltage distribution 

and to see distribution channels and 3V 19V_5V overall

2.VS the Power Switch
VS is voltage that appears after switch on than switch button send a signal through EC_ON# (different
board manufacture may have different pin name) to SIO or lately know by EMBEDDED
CONTROLLER(EC) .than EC started to regulated signal by given signal gate to powered any device on
VS state . 
VALW main power suplay standby to get N channel Sources when the signal   ( open / close Gate )
transistor to pass voltage through Mosfet ( Drain ) as much as gate requirement than become Source for 
VS voltage .
The first one that must be understood is how the system works to enable/disable Power on VS

See the System switching system work

Some of the existing system power button on the laptop motherboard , how it
works and the voltage

and how to work the system power button gives signal to the Embedded controller
and bios settings membarikan Chip Microcontroller arrangements to EC through
firmware 

how the N channel change VALW a VS on

VS POWER SUPPLY  for  BOOTSTRAP DEVICE :

There are three BOOTSTRAP device : Processor -Sodim -NB/SB/GPU chip ,each device has a different
names of power :
PROCESSOR  power name by VCCORE-CPUCORE,SODIM  power name by VCCRAM,CHIP power
name by VCCP .With out this power the device won't display or not able to load boot up process .
VS for Strap Boot device :
1.Procesor ( VCCORE ) Standard voltage 0.9 VS - 1.5VS
see VCCORE ic power required and how it works

How to test the voltage spike VCCORE ( processor power surge )

2.SODIM/RAM  ( VCCRAM ) 
Standar Voltage rail  for DDRII is 1.8VS and 0.9VTT
and for DDRIII for 1.5VS and 0.75 VTT  
See how it works VCCRAM ic and power needed

3.CHIP POWER ( VCCP ) 

VS to Device 
( Lcd / led , hdd , optical , usb , wifi , bloutooth , keyboard ,
sound , camera etc. ) For details on each Rail Voltage VS can be seen in the
schema INDEX FOR EACH DEVICE.
Search ic generator can be seen from the Voltage Rail on

and how to apply the schema on the motherboard

 3.Signal
( the wave triger / sensor /2 way confirmation signal / data interface)

Signal function is open / close gate charge of organizing stages enable / disable each component or PCI (
Peripheral commucation interface ) . system signal regulated by Microcontroller where the manufacturer
has made the format settings the form of firmware that is planted into the bios IC to managed embedded
controlling input output system  for each ic interface. .
Differences circuit and component arrangement on the motherboard of course require
different settings Microcontroller , so  each different motherboard brand and series firmaware will
necessarily require different settings .
Before you begin to understand the basic knowledge that the signal system that
must be completed is the Microcontroller board system

Bios Firmware role of the signaling system

EC system and how it work with bios