DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS

a.) Illustration

b.) Derivation of formula

The volume of cylindrical element is...
𝒅𝑽 = 𝝅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚

The sum of the cylindrical elements from 0 to r is a hemisphere, twice the

hemisphere will give the volume of the sphere. Thus,
𝒓
𝐕 = 𝟐𝛑 ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚

From the equation of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 ; 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 .

𝒓
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 ∫𝟎 (𝒓𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚
𝒚𝟑
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 [𝒓𝟐 𝒚 − ]
𝟑
𝒓𝟑 𝟎𝟑
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 [(𝒓𝟑 − 𝟑 ) − (𝟎 − )]
𝟑
𝟐𝒓𝟑
𝑽 = 𝟐𝝅 [ ]
𝟑
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟑
𝑽= .
𝟑

c.) Sample Problem for Differential Area

 Problem:

Calculate the surface area of a sphere with radius 3.2 cm

Solution:

Surface area of sphere

= 4π r2
= 4π (3.2)2
= 4 × 3.14 × 3.2 × 3.2
= 128.6 cm2

d.) Sample Problem for Differential Volume

Problem:

Calculate the volume of sphere with radius 4 cm.

Solution:

Volume of sphere