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ISA Calibration A Technician S Guide Cable 2005 PDF
ISA Calibration A Technician S Guide Cable 2005 PDF
CALIBRAT'ION
. A TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
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C·ALIBRA TION·,
A TECHNICIAN'S. GUIDE
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MikeCable
ISA TECHNICIANSERIES
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Copyright © 2005 by ISA
67 Alexander Drive
P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
ISBN-10: 1-55617-912-X
ISBN-I3: 978-1-55617-912-9
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Notice
The information presented in this publication is for the general education of the
reader. Because neither the author nor the publisher has "anycontrol over the use of the
information by the reader, both the author and the publisher disclaim any and all liability
of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professional
judgment in using any of the information presented in a particular application.
Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher have investigated or considered the
effect of any patents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular
application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect
any particular use of the information presented.
Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as examples only.
Neither the author nor the publisher endorses any referenced commercial product. Any
trademarks or tradenames referenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name.
Neither the author nor the publisher makes any representation regarding the availability of
any referenced commercial product at any time. The manufacturer's instructions on use of
any commercial product must be followed at all times, even if inconflict with the
information in this publication.
Chapter 2 Documentation . . . , , . . . . . . , , . , . . , , , . . . , ., 17
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2,1 Calibration Procedure'Content, .... , , , , . .. 19
2.2 Calibration Data Sheets
(See Examples in .Appendix A-4) , . , 21
2.3 P&IDs (See Example in Appendix A-1 l ' .. . . . 23
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vi Table of Contents
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ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
, .
I'd like to thank Tom Stevens for running a company where people are
allowed to pursue their interests, but more importantly because of the
support and encouragement he has given me over the years. I'd also like
i to thank those professionals that I have worked with over the years who
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have contributed in so many ways to my development and the
development of those throughout industry. I need to thank those that
helped me early on with performing calibrations in an industrial '
environment: Billand Randy at the Eli Lilly (Greenfield) Instrument Shop.
Also to my last supervisor in the Navy, Master Chief Lane Phillips, who
taught me many things technically; but most importantly, character. I alsO" .
appreciate Chip Lee and the staff at ISAwho have been very patient,
gently nudging me along, as I struggled through this project. .
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xi
INTRODUCTION
xiii
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1
CALIBRATION PRINCIPLES
'1
2 Calibration Principles
upper range values. The limits are defined by the zero and span values.
II
The zero value is the lower end of the range. Span is defined as the
algebraic difference between the upper and lower range values. The
calibration range may differ from the instrument range, which refers to the
capability of the instrument. For example, an electronic pressure
transmitter may have a nameplate instrument range of 0-750 pounds per
square inch, gauge (psig) and output of 4-to-20 milliamps (rnA). However,
the engineer has determined the instrument will be calibrated for 0-to-300
psig = 4-to-20 rnA. Therefore, the calibration range would be specified as
=
O-to-300 psig 4-to-20 rnA. In this example, the zero input value is 0 psig
~nd zero output value is 4 rnA. The input span is 300 psig and the output
span is 16 mAo
Different terms may be used at your facility. Just be careful not to
confuse the range the instrument is capable of with the range for which
the instrument has been calibrated.
Accuracu: The ratio of the error to the full scale output or the ratio of the
error to the output, expressed in percent span or percent reading,
respectively.
As you can see from the definitions, there are subtle differences
between the terms. It is recommended that the tolerance, specified in
measurement units, is used for the calibration requirements performed at
your facility. By specifying an actual value, mistakes caused by calculating
percentages of span or reading are eliminated. Also; tolerances should be
specified in the units measured for the calibration.
I .. :
Calibration 3
2 psig
+ 300 psig
X 16mA
0.1067 rnA-
AccuraCY Ratio: This term was used in the past to describe the relationship i
between the accuracy of the test.standard and the accuracy of the
instrument under test. The term is still used by those that do not
understand uncertainty calculations (uncertainty is described below). A .
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FIGURE 1-1.
Traceability Pyramid
National
Measurement
Standard
(e.g, NIST)
I. Primary Standards
:.J;'
Secondary Standards
Working Standards
("norma'" shop instruments)
Process Instrument
FIGURE 1"2.
Span Error
100%
I-
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a. SPAN ERRORS
5o
<f.
"/0 INPUT
Calibration 7
FIGURE 1-3.
Zero Error
I-
:J
0..
I-
:J
o
% INPUT
FIGURE 1-4.·
::;~
..
Combined Zero and Span Error
100%
J-
::::J
0..
J-
:::>
o
?f.
{~OMBINED ZERO AND
SPAN ERRORS·
o .. % INPUT
8 Calibration Principles
FIGURE 1-5.
Linearization Error
100%
f-
::>
0..
f-
::>
o
% INPUT
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1.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM
TECHNICIAN ..
Honesty and Integrity: A CSTmust possess honesty and integrity above all
else. Most technicians work independently much of the time. Calibrations. __ :,
must be performed in accordance with procedures and must be properly
documented. Additionally, the calibr~tion department may-be : ~;J
understaffed and production schedules.may demand unrealistic ,;(:;.
completion requirements. These factors can have a real impact on proper' ..
performance and documentation of calibrations: Remember: Nobody-can
take away your integrity; only you can give it away. _'.'
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ADVANTAGE;S OF LOOP DISADVANTAGES OF LOOP
CALIBRATION CALIBRATION
1 .8 CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
In some industries or even within individual companies it may be
advantageous to classify your instruments in a way that indicates the
instruments' "importance." There are two schools of thought here. Some
say that no instrument is more important than any other instrument.
However, in some processes, the undetected error in an instrument may
result in product rejections or even product recalls. Additionally, some
instruments have calibration requirements specified by outside agencies.
For these reasons, it is recommended that each instrument is assigned a
classification. ISA-TR91.00.02-2003,Criticality Classification Guideline for
Instrumentation, is an excellent resource to assist with establishing
classification of instrumentation. One example used for classifying
instruments is outlined below.
investigation. , ,
CHAPTER SUMMARY
In this chapter we covered the What, Why, Who, and How as an
introduction to Calibration. We've covered some definitions and concepts
. that calibration technicians need to be familiar with. It should be
emphasized that not all of these concepts are applicable to your facility.
Although it would be convenient if we all ran our calibration programs
exactly the same way, it just isn't so. Most of what will be presented in this
book are examples that do not fit every situation.
14 Calibration Principles
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Match the term on the left with the definition on the right.
Calibration A. permissible deviation from specified
value
_ Instrument Range B. upper and lower values specified for
facility
_ Calibration Range C. algebraic difference between the upper
and lower range value
_ Accuracy D. adjustment used to produce a parallel
shift of the input-output curve
_ Tolerance E. comparison of instrument to a known
value
_ Traceability F. percent error
B. Attention to detail?
D. Understanding of processes?
Calibration 15
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DOCUMENT ATION
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After complet/ng this chapter, you should be able to:
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Identify safety considerations relating to cslibrstion.
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I Because of quality system requirements throughout industry, .
documentation has become as important as the actual performance of a
calibration. This chapter will summarize documentation that all
calibration technicians should be familiar with. Another ISA text,
Instrumentation and Control Systems Documentation, details the
documentation mentioned in this chapter, and more.
i The accuracy and reliability of instrumentation in a facility is .
1I maintained through the development and implementation of a quality
i ..calibration program. Iri addition to inventorying instruments, determining
I calibration parameters and intervals, and purchasing appropriate .test
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standard's, a calibration program includes written procedures for
performing calibrations. The level of detail contained in calibration.
procedures can vary considerably-from a generic procedure used to
calibrate an instrument type to a very specific procedure used to calibrate
one particular instrument. Different types of calibration procedures are
discussed below and examples of each are included in Appendix A-4.
17
18 Documentation
TABLE 2-1.
Using Calibration Procedures from a Technical Manual
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Very little time/resources required to Does not contain all necessary elements
develop procedures of a calibration procedure
Technically accurate and detailed Applies to instrument only, not taking
instructions for the specific instrument into account application/process
TABLE 2-2.
Generic Calibration Procedures
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 2-3.
Specific Calibration Procedures
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES r
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Calibrations are performed the same way
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by all technicians
Increases resources required to develop,
maintain, and track procedures
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May take into account the effect on
process
Technicaliy accurate and detailed
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lnstructions for the specific instrument
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the calibration procedure cannot be performed as specified, the
technician must return the instrument to a 'safe condition and
..notify the supervisor.
• Acceptance Criteria: The pass/fail criteria may be included in the
Test Procedure section or as a separate step at completion,
evaluating the results obtained against the tolerances specified.
• Approvals: The author and approval Signatures or approval
authority should be included on ea0 calibration procedure.
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22 Documentation
. course you checked this when you obtained the standard froru'the- .
shop). The most important reason for documenting the test. '~.
standards is for reverse traceability in.case a 'standard is foundito
II , be out of tolerance. If a test standard is found out of tolerance on its
. I!, next calibration, it is critical that any calibration performed using
that standard since its last calibration is known and evaluated-to
determine a course of action.
• Comments: The technician needs someplace to record any
comments or observations.
• Technician Signature and Date of Calibration
• Supervisor or Reviewer Signature and Date .
;'.
, addition, some example calibration procedures include a data sheet as an
attachment. I
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2.3 P&IDs (See Example in Appendix' A-1)
Process/Piping and Instrument Diagrams/Drawings (p&lDs) are I
drawings that provide a detailed overview of a process system They'
include major components, utilities, flowpaths, supporting equipment,
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and instrumentation. Although P&IDs are' commonly used throughout
industry, there is not yet a "standard'" P&ID. Process Industry Practices
24 Documentation
this can mean the difference between 0.25 psig and 0.05 psig. In addition,
the specified accuracy is usually different at different ranges of the
instrument, varying ambient conditions, and may not even be referred to
as accuracy. The lesson is, if you're not sure, ask a technical resource from
the manufacturer what the specification means.
• Manufacturer recommendation
• National Conference of Standards Laboratories Recommended
Practice RP-l
• Past experience
• Intervals of similar existing instruments
~!
In reality, it is a combination of all the above, but mostly past
experience. As an example, in my experience, electronic transmitters have
a calibration interval of 6 months and analog gauges have an interval of a
year. Many manufacturers' specifications contain a 6-month stability
specification. This stability specification, in effect, only guarantees the
accuracy specification for 6 months. Also, electronic transmitters are
typically installed in applications that are "more important" to the
process. Even though these instruments are more reliable than analog
gauges and fail calibration less often, we check the calibration on a more
frequent basis. This means we set our calibration intervals based on how
much risk we are willing to take. If we wanted an almost 100% assurance
that our instruments were within calibration tolerance, we'd have to check
the calibration almost every day. Obviously, that would be impracticable.
So we assume some risk that every once in a while a calibration is not
going to pass. Of course our managers and quality department don't want
to hear that, but it happens and we need to educate other disciplines that it
does happen.
Don't be alarmed if you calibrate more or less often than described
above. It simply means you're willing to take more or less risk based on
the process and quality standards at your facility or you have more history
Calibration 29
to base your calibration intervals on. Of course not all instruments fit into
the same category. Some instruments, particularly analytical
instrumentation, are calibrated more frequently, even to the point that the
user performs a calibration check prior toeach use. On the other hand,
some instruments may have an interval of two years or more.
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, i Calibration intervals may be adjusted over time. Once several
calibrations have been performed, the calibration history of the device
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may be used to adjust the calibration interval, If the as-found calibration
data of a particular instrument does not meet the calibration tolerance, the ,
calibration interval may be shortened. If several instruments with a
particular manufacturer / model number are always well within the
calibration tolerance, the interval is increased.
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(insulated floor mat, rubber electrical safety gloves, roped off area,
safety man outside the area with a rope tied around you).
• Ensure electrical power cords are properly insulated. Ensure
equipment is properly grounded.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. List the advantages of each procedure development method below.
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C. Procedure developed for a specific manufacturer/model or :~
specific instrument in the plant
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4. What elements of a calibration data sheet reflect that the calibration is I
NIST-traceable?
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5. F~r an established facility, what is the most likely resource for
determining the calibration frequency of a new instrument?
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32 Documentation
13. What criteria must be met for test equipment to be used for
calibration?
3 .:
lEMPERATURE INSTRU'MENT
CALIBRATION
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3.1 WHAT IS TEMPERATURE? /'
Anything that moves.has kinetic energy, the energy of motion. Atoms I
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and molecules have kinetic energy because they are always moving. The
faster a molecule moves, the greater its'kinetic energy. Heat is the measure
of the total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of !
matter. Temperature measures the intensity of heat due to the average
kinetic energy of the molecules. . .
33
34 Temperature Instrument Calibration
Thermocouples
Thermocouples are very common due to the ruggedness, low cost,
response time, and relatively good accuracy, but mostly because of the
versatility. Thermocouples can be used over a wide range of temperatures,
whereas RTDs are useful only over a certain temperature range.
Thermocouples are based on the principle that joining two dissimilar
metals will produce a voltage signal proportional to temperature.
Although very commonly used, thermocouples are least understood due
to the complexity of different metals used, reference junction, and
methods of compensation. The Reference Section of the Omega Temperature
Handbook provides a very good explanation of the details.
There are several types of thermocouples, based on the types of
metals that make up the thermocouple. For example, a Type T
thermocouple is made from copper and constantan wires, whereas
Type K is made from chrome! and alumel. Each type is color coded and,
per U.S. standards, the red lead is always negative. Due to the many
thermocouple types, a technician must verify the thermocouple type used
and ensure the correct reference table and/ or test equipment setup is used
for that thermocouple type. (For examples, see the reference tables in
Appendix A-6.)
Filled Bulb
Filled-bulb sensors are a closed system filled with a liquid that,
expands as the temperature increases and contracts when temperature
decreases, producing a proportional changein temperature indication or a
control valve response.
temperature indication, if provided, since this is not our standard and has
no bearing on the calibration; Obtain the "as-found" readings for the
thermometer and the standard at 50°Cbath setpoint; then 75°C setpoint
and finally 100°Csetpoint.
Now that the "as-found data has been collected, let's evaluate the
data. The table below shows our as-found results.
AS-FOUND DATA
is
. Let's say our calibration tolerance 2°C and we find the thermometer
is adjustable. Some are not adjustable, in which case the thermometer= ..~
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would need to be replaced if the "as-found" data was not within the ,2
II acceptable tolerance. Since this thermometer has one adjustment using'an .
external screw( how much should we adjust the thermometer? If the ;'::
process, monitored by the thermometer, normally operates at a specific
setpoint, it. is recommended to adjust the thermometer to read correctly
.
at . '. ~'I'
' ....
that value. If the process operates over the r!ffigeof the instrument, adjust ,'..1:: ,
the thermometer based on the average error such that all readings are as
.. close as possible, In any case, the thermometer should be adjusted such
that when you've completed the adjustments all r'as-left" data is within
the specified tolerance.
We find the process operates at 50°C.Therefore, adjust the .
temperature bath setpoint to 50°C. Once readings have stabilized, adjust
the thermometer to read the same as the temperature standard. Once the I
adjustment is complete, record the stabilized thermometer and standard I
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reading' at each test point as the "as-left" readings. Verify all values are
within tolerance and the desired results were achieved. Below is a table of ~
our results.
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38 Temperature Instrument Calibration
Por this example,let's say we need to check the RTD at five points,
from soap to 250 P. Just like the thermometer in example #1, we'll need a
0
50 50.0 103.88
100 100.0 114.70
150 150.0 125.40 f
200 200.0 136.00 I'!
,. 250 250.0 '146.50·
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First of all, we base our expected resistance yalues on the actual
temperature standard reading obtained, not-the test point. We made this
easier by using nice even temperature standard readings, which will not
be the case in reality. However, since the RID tablesreference
temperature in degrees Celsius, we did add a degree of difficulty
specifying the test points in degrees Fahrenheit. For the.first data point of
50.0°Fwe must first convert to °C using the conversion °C = (OP - 32) X 5/9,
40 Temperature Instrument Calibration
.
. adjustment were necessary. Either method, individual instrument
.
calibration or loop.calibration, is acceptable depending on your industry
practices and procedures. The advantages and disadvantages of each
method are discussed in Chapter 1.
FIGURE 3-1.
Temperature Transmitter Calibration Setup (Courtesy Rosemount, Inc.) .
DMM
TRANSMITTER
POWER
SUPPLY
READOUT RESISTOR
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CALTERNATE READOUT)
.
-,.::
TABLE3-1.
Preliminary Operating Point Check .
TEST . TEMPERATURE ACTUAL CONVERTED ERROR
POINT STANDARD lRANSMITTER TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT
FIGURE3~2.
Control Loop on P&I Drawings
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STEAM J
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FROM REACTOR
FEED PREp·
. II E -107 CONDENSATE,.· ',i
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~-:.
Once the system is in a safe condition and the controller is placed' in
manual,.we can disconnect the controller input leads and connect a . ...? »<
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..••.•, I
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milliamp simulator to the input. To perform the calibration, adjust the
milliamp simulator to the desired setpoints and record the controller
display. Ifthe display requires calibration, follow the manufacturer's
procedures for calibration. For rnicropro~essor based instruments, the
calibration is usually not performed by turning a potentioineter, but rather I
adjusting the input to a pre-determined value and pushing buttons so the
microprocessor can make the adjustments.
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Once the display is properly calibrated, it's a good idea to verify
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. alarm setpoints and control output action. This is not required and many
calibration procedures would not include it. To perform the alarm checks,
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the milliamp simulator is adjusted as necessary to determine the
temperature at which the low and high alarms trip and reset. To check the
controller output for proper operation; adjust the milliamp simulator
. above and below the setpoint safely to verify the proper output action is
occurring.
44 Temperature Instrument Calibration
REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Select the correct procedure(s) that could be used for this calibration
of TT-300?(Appendix A-4)
5. what are the correct resistance values to input for 10%,50%, and
90%? (refer to the correct RTD table in Appendix A-6)
6. What are the expected transmitter output values for the resistance
inputs from step 5? '
Resistance
Simulator
6"J~ .'1:.
IT-300
'
Temperalure--Transmitter
+
-
.j~'
,
'iI
ill -
. I
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
12. What are the expected transmitter outputs for the following
simulated inputs?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Calibration 47
13. Indicate the correct test equipment hookup for calibration of TI-200.
Meter (mA) .
Thermocouple
Simullltof
Temperature Transmitter
moo
24VDC .
Power
Supply
!.
14. Assume a calibration tolerance' ofe l.oop10.08 mAo ·Withthe results
indicated, what must be done to bring the instrument to within
tolerance?
0% 4.00
25%' 7.98 I
.... JI
50% c 11.96 ..
75% 15.94
100% 19.92
I
15. Following adjustment(all"as-Ieft" data is within tolerance. What
steps remain to complete the bench calibration?
I
Situation for questions 16 - 20:The operator suspects that TI-302is not
. reading the correct temperature of Reactor 300. You will be performing a
calibration of TI-302.Use the references in Appendix A to answer the
following questions .'
16. What test equipment will be used for calibration of TI-302?
48 Temperature Instrument Calibration
19. The thermometer has one external adjustment. With the results
indicated, what must be done to bring the instrument to within
tolerance?
0% 2
25% 34
50% 66
75% 99
100% >130
:1
20. What would you do if the thermometer was out of tolerance and the
thermometer does not have an adjustment available?
Trip Reset _
• Gauges
• 'Transmitters
• Switches
Select proper calibration procedure and calibration d_atasheet.
4. 1 WHAT IS PRESSURE?
Air pressure is the force exerted on you by the weight of tiny particles
of air (air molecules). Although air molecules are invisible, they still have
r
weight and. take up space. Atmospheric presstITeis approximately 14.7 l
pounds per square inch (psi) at sea leveL This means that if we could put . 'I
one square inch of air from the ground to the 1.1pperatmosphere on a scale,
it would weigh 14.7pounds. We do not feel this pressure because it also
I
acts internally and is thus balanc~d. Since there's a lot of "empty" space
between air molecules, air can be compressed to fit in a smaller volume.
When it's compressed, air is said to be "under high pressure."
There are two ways to look at pressure: (1) the small-scale action of .
Individualair molecules, or (2)the large-scale action of a large number of
50 Pressure Instrument Calibration
provide the gauge with a reference to absolute zero pressure. So, if you
calibrate a gauge and it reads about 15psi with no pressure applied, take it
from me, the gauge reading is probably in psia, not psig. Know the unit of
measure for the device you are calibrating!
Another challenge with pressure calibrations is having the correct
fittings to connect the pressure source, pressure standard, and the unit
under test. Even with a few drawers full of fittings in the shop and access
to more adapters in the mechanical shop and spare parts stock, we never
seem to have the right fittings. To minimize this problem, enter the fittings
needed in the calibration notes that print out with the calibration data
sheet or work order. The important thing is to minimize the number of
connections in the test setup in order to minimize the potential for
leakage.
Leakage is another problem we have to deal with.when performing
pressure calibrations. This problem is amplified when Weuse a hand
pump as our pressure/vacuum source. Small leaks in the test setup can be
compensated for by using a constant pressure source such as a N2 bottle, a
spare plan~air connection, or vacuum pump. However, leakage should be
eliminated or minimized for allpressure calibrations even when using a
constant pressure source. Even the smallest leak is frustrating when using
II a hand pump, so those connections have to be minimized and tight.
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Hysteresis is the measure of the difference in response of a device as I
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the input signal increases from minimum value to a maximum value, and, I
subsequently decreases from maximum to minimum over the same range.
Hysteresis is expressed in percent of full scale (% FS).)nstruments with
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mechanical movements such as pressure gauges and current-to- II
pneumatic (l/P) transducers develop hysteresis error. Often this is caused
by friction and wear of the mechanical components.There is no way to ·1
. I
adjust for hysteresis error during calibration. Hysteresis can be evaluated
. by-obtaining calibration data with the input applied in both the increasing l
and decreasing direction as illustrated below. '
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. APPLIED INPUT AS-FOUND ·AS-FO·UNQ· HYSTERESIS·
[PSIG)
10
VALUES (1)
9
VALUES
10
(il (%FS)
1%
I
25
50
24
49
25
51
1%
2%
I
75
90
74
90·
76
91
2%
1%
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52 Pressure Instrument Calibration
FIGURE 4-1.
Typical Pressure Calibration Test Setup
Power
Input Supply
Standard (if needed)
FIGURE 4-2.
Bourdon Pressure Gauge
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tester.
Use a tee to connect the input test standard to the pressure source and
the gauge und~r test. Besure the gauge under test is mounted in the same
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orientation as in the process. Positioning a gauge vertically for calibration
and then reinstalling the gauge in its horizontal configuration in the
pr~cess will introduce error. I
Determine the five test points used for the upscale and downscale
checks of the gauge under test. As discussed earlier in this chapter, with I
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54 Pressure Instrument Calibration
AS-FOUND DATA
The test results are then checked against the allowable tolerance. If
the results are outside the allowable tolerance, determine the type of
errors present (linearity, zero, span, and hysteresis), and adjust per the
manufacturer's instructions or use the general instructions, as applicable,
that follow.
On most motion balance instruments, adjust linearity first. The
movement of the elastic element in a pressure gauge causes a proportional
movement in the linkage. On a properly calibrated gauge, the linkage
angle will be exactly 90° when the input to the gauge is at 50% of total
range. Therefore, apply 50%input and use a template to check the 90 0,
angle.
With linearity adjusted, position the pointer so the gauge reads mid-
scale. You may need to remove the pointer and reposition it on the shaft. If
removing the pointer is necessary, be sure to use the proper tool. Now
lower the input to 10%and adjust the zero so the gauge reading equals the
applied input.
Calibration 55
Now correct the span error. Increase the-input pressure to 90% and
adjust the gauge to read the input value. For span adjustments, loosen the
screws and rotate the entire adjustment mechanism.
Repeat the zero and span adjustment until the readings at 10% and
90% are accurate. Zero and span interact in the mechanical device, so
rechecking them is necessary. When zero and span require no further
adjustments, rech~ck the linearity to make sure it is still properly adjusted.
There are no adjustments for hysteresis. After adjusting linearity, zero and
span, perform another full scale check and record.as-Ieft calibration data.
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interface., Because some zero and span adjustments interact, it is important
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to recheck the zero and span until no further adjustment is required.
Once no further adjustments are required, repeat the five point check I
t
(SPOT)pressure switch has one set of normally open (NO) and one set of
normally dosed (NC) contacts. A double pole double throw pressure
switch is furnished with two SPDT switches. NO and NC refer to the state
of that contact with the switch de-energized. The tricky part of calibrating
a pressure switch is to know whether the switch should "trip" with
increasing or decreasing pressure and which contact is used for the circuit.
Typically a high pressure switch would "trip" with increasing pressure,
and would use the NO contact. This means at normal pressure the switch
would be dosed and would open when the high pressure setpoint is
reached. Using the NO contact provides a fail-safe condition if the circuit
failed (power failure or broken wire). However the requirements of the
alarm circuit must be considered.
The calibration setup of a pressure switch is similar to a pressure
gauge and pressure transmitter, except a multimeter set to measure
voltage or resistance, as applicable, is connected to the applicable set of
contacts (such as the common and NO terminals). The applied input
pressure is increased to the setpoint. The multimeter will read the change
of voltage or resistance when the switch changes state. In other words, the
multimeter will read 0 volts with the switch closed and supply voltage
with the switch open. If the contact is a "dry" contact (no voltage), the
multimeter will read close to 0 ohms with the contact closed and infinite
ohms with the switch open. (Hint: You may want to disconnect and
electrically insulate the leads to check the switch by itself. This removes
any parallel resistances and external circuits from interfering. As an
alternative, use the remote indication as confirmation of proper switch
operation. Be cautious of circuit and display time delays.)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Use the information in Chapter 4 and the references in Appendix A to
answer the following questions.
1. Arrange the following in order from lowest to highest pressure:
---' _, ---'-I _,_
A. 14.7psia
B. 14,7psig
C. 500 millitorr
D. 30 "Hg
E. 500 "H20
F. 500mmHG
Calibration 57
3. Select the correct procedure to be used for this calibration of PIT -303.
i
4. What local! remote indications should be recorded during calibration
ofPIT-303? I
i
I
5. What must be done prior to removing pressure sensor for calib~~tion , I
ofPIT-303? .·~1~
,
.;l~
~i
:[" ~
:;.:
6. What pressure values will be applied to perform calibration of PIT- .,~
~~~,
'-::J
~~.~~
OO~ ~ '.~.,~
.1
.~.,
'-1
7. ,What are the expected transmitter output values for the pressures I
applied in the previous step?
58 PressureInstrument Calibration
Unit
Under
Test
~ ~
Calibration 59
17. What are the specified trip points of PDIS-405? Is the output of the
switch connected to the normally open or-normally closed contacts?
I
.1
I
I
5
LEVEL INSTRUMENT
CALIBRATION.
• Differential pressure
• Capacitanceprobe
• Ultrasonic
. Select the proper calibration procedure and calibration.dets .
sheet.
Select appropriatecertified test equipment.
.
Return equipment to service following calibration.
.
Complete and properly maintain calibration documentation.
Differential Pressure
Differential pressure sensors have a high pressure side and a low
pressure side with a sensing element, such as a bellows, separating the
two sides. The high pressure side of the sensor is usually connected to the
61
62 Level Instrument Calibration
FIGURE 5-1.
Differential Pressure Sensor
II
bottom portion of the vessel and, therefore, senses the pressure exerted by
the weight of the process fluid in the vessel plus the tank pressure (if
pressurized). The low pressure side is usually connected to the vapor
space at the top of a pressurized vessel or is open to atmosphere if the
vessel is vented or open to atmosphere. The low pressure side only senses
the vessel pressure (or atmospheric pressure) and not the weight of the
process fluid. Differential pressure (dip) measurement is based on the
principle that the difference between the two pressures is equal to the
height of liquid, multiplied by the specific gravity of the fluid.
other plate. If the tank wall is not metallic, a reference electrode is used.
Referring to Figure 5-2,you can see that, as the liquid level rises; the air or
gas around the electrode is displaced by the process material, which has a
different dielectric constant. Therefore, there is a corresponding change in
capacitance between the probe and the vessel wall. The measured
capacitance is proportional to liquid level. The unit of capacitance is the .
farad. Capacitance level probes typically measure in the pico-farad range
(10-12farads).
FIGURE 5-2.
Capacitance Probe
r----
PROBE:
ONE PLATE
OF CAPACITOR
I
I
METAl.: WALL: I
r OTHER PLATE
OF CAPACITOR·
II 'I
Ultrasonic
Level is measured using the ultrasonic method by transmitting a
sound pulse from the instrument to the surface of a material. The sound ..
pulse is reflected off the surface, and the echo returns to the instrument
where it is detected. A shorter time for the transmitted signal to return
means the level is closer to the Sensor and, therefore, the level is higher in
.the tank. The amount of time for the return signal is inversely proportional
to the level.
64 Level Instrument Calibration
FIGURE 5~3.
Ultrasonic Measurement
GENERATOR AND
TRANSMITIER ~---I
TIMING
GENERATOR 1-----.1 lOGIC AND
DISPLAY
n
\.U
'------.----'
I I I 10
WAVE
SHAPING
-
5.2 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH LEVEL
CALIBRATION
Suppressed/Elevated Zero
If the dip cell is not located at an elevation that corresponds to 0%
level in the tank, it must be calibrated to account for the difference in
elevation. This calibration adjustment is called zero elevation when the
cell is located above the lower tap; it is called zero suppression when the
cell is located below the lower tap.
To calculate the amount of elevation or suppression, the distance
between the zero reference level and the high pressure port of the dip
cell must be accurately measured. Taking into account that 27.72:' H20 =
1 psig, calibrate the transmitter for the distance measured in direction
necessary to result in an accurate output.
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is ratio of density of a process material to the density
of water or air. It is particularly important to consider the specific gravity
of the process material when performing calibrations of differential
pressure level devices. If specific gravity is assumed to be 1.0, or not
Calibration 65
FIGURE 5-4.
Liquid Head Measurement
WEIGHS.62.4 LBS.
PRESSUREAT BOTTOM
'.
=m
AREA
= 62.4tes.·
144SQ. INCH
= 0433
.
PSI PER 12' WATERCOLUMN ;-'
.:
OR 0433 PSI = 0.03609 PSI PER INCHWATER COLUMN
,-
12'
,H
~.
'..
-,
FIGURE 5-5.
Effect of Specific Gravity on Liquid Head Measurement
• As specific gravity changes (& density changes) "h", or
head must be multiplied by the specific gravity of the
.liquid to convert to inches H20
This gives the pressure at the bottom of the tank-in inches Hp
" -.--
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY =?
-_
.--r
"h" (INCHES)
_l
66 Level Instrument Calibration
10 8.8 5.60
25 22.0 8.00
50 44.0 12.00
75 66.0 16.00
100 88.0 20.00
I!
Dry and Wet Legs
For differential pressure measurements, the pressure of the vapor
space in pressurized vessels is connected to the low pressure side of the
dip cell. When process vapors are non-condensing, non-corrosive, and
non-plugging, the leg external to the vessel that is connected to the dip
cell is a dry leg. If any condensate accumulates in this leg, significant error
would result in the level indication. Can you see why? If there is
condensate in the dry leg, the weight of the condensate adds pressure to
the low pressure side of the dip cell. This would reduce the dip sensed
and result in a level indication or output that is lower than the actual level.
On the other hand, if the process vapors condense, the reference leg
can be filled to form a wet leg. The specific gravity and height of the
reference column must be accurately determined and accounted for in any
calibration of the dip cell.
Interface
For purposes of level instrumentation, "interface" typically refers to
the point at which two non-mixable fluids meet, such as oil and water.
Special considerations must be made to accurately measure the level of
each fluid and/or the level of the interface.
.!
Calibration 67
AUXILIARY Ct:JRRENT
READOUT
:1:0.1%
DIFFERENTIAL mAREADOUT
B. PRESSURE
TRANSMllTER
:I: 0.1% ACCURACY
OR BElTER SERIES RESISTANCE
REQUIREDWITH
SOME TRANSMITTERS
PROCESS.
SIMULATOR
INCHESH20 O'.250" Hp H
>0.1% ACCURACY r----l~..:.:.....J......::_j 24VDC
OR BElTER
POWERSUPPLY
VENT TO
ATMOSPHERE
>20 PSIG
AIRS!JPPLY 120VAC
TABLE 5-1.
Calibration Data Table for 0-250 in. H20 DIP Transmitter
% SPAN ACTUAL IDEAL AS· % AS-LEFT %
INPUT OUTPUT FOUND DEVIATION OUTPUT DEVIATION
("H2O) (rnA) OUTPUT (ERROR) (rnA) (ERROR)
(rnA)
0% 0.0 4.00
25% 62.5 8.00
50% 125.0 12.00
75% 187.5 16.00
100% 250.0 20.00
Once the test setup is established, adjust the input values to the
required test points and record lias-found values for the milliamp output.
II
TABLE 5-3.
Calibration Data Table for 0-250 in. H20 DIP Transmitter wi As-Left
Data
% SPAN ACTUAL IDEAL AS- % AS~LEFT %
INPUT OUTPUT FOUND DEVIATION OUTPUT DEVIATION
("H2O) (rnA) OUTPUT (ERROR) (rnA) (ERROR)
(rnA)
.:
How would this calibration change if the process material has a ... j
I
I
70 Level Instrument Calibration
TABLE 5-4.
Calibration Data Table for 0-250 in. DIP Transmitter @ Specific
Gravity = 1. 1
% SPAN ACTUAL IDEAL AS- % AS· LEFT %
INPUT OUTPUT FOUND DEVIATION OUTPUT DEVIATION
("H2O) (rnA) OUTPUT (ERROR) (rnA) (ERROR)
(rnA)
0% 0.0 4.00
25% 68.75 8.00
50% 137.5 12.00
75% 206.25 16.00
100% 275.0 20.00
How would this calibration change if it were done in the field? There
is no change in the calibration principles. However, some of the
considerations that must be made are listed below:
• Before doing anything, the process conditions must be evaluated.
This is also true if the instrument is removed from service for a
bench calibration. Is the system shutdown with the tank drained?
Is the process operating in automatic level control? If so, the
system must be placed in manual control and an alternate means
II
of manual level control employed.
• Can the dip cell be isolated from the system? If not, the system
must be shutdown and drained. If so, isolate the dip cell properly
before making test connections. If equipped, the bypass valve is
always opened first and closed last to prevent damage to the dip
cell.
• Is the process material hazardous? If so, take appropriate
precautions.
• The test pressure input is connected to the high pressure side, and
the low pressure side is disconnected, if necessary, and vented to
atmosphere.
• Most likely, the rnA output will only need to be measured, without
the need for providing a power source. The output signal circuit
usually provides the power source.
• Record the remote display(s) if required by procedure for a loop
calibration. If the remote indication(s) does not go below the 0"
Calibration 71
value or above the 100% value, check the instrument at 10% and
. 90% instead of 0% and 100%. All other test points remain the same.
/1
• Installing a temporary sight glass by connecting some tubing t9 a:
tank ,bottom connection and running up the side of the tank :'.:;, '~~:I
r,'
(externally);
-c-'
. ,~,
• Measuring the actual level using a measuring stick;
• Using a calibrated flowmeter to meter the amountof fluid added
to the tank; or
, .
Method 1:
1. Determine the distance from the face of the ultrasonic transducer to
the 100%level. This should already be documented as part of the
instrument setup. For this example, we are going to assume the
distance is 12~'
2. Determine the test point distances. Realize the distance from the test
surface is simulating the distance from the top of the liquid level and
take into account the distance determined in step 1 above. For
example, if the distance from the transducer face to the 100%level is
12 inches and the tank level indication is 0-100inches, the following
test points would be used.
0% 0" 112"
25% 25" 87"
50% 50" 62"
75% 75" 37"
100% 100" 12"
REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Select the correct procedure(s) that could be used for this calibration
ofLIT-202.
4. What are the expected transmitter output values for the pressure
1i
inputs of step 3?
Pressure
HP Meier (mA)
Level Indienting Transmitter
Standard LIT-202
LP
~
HP
LP 24VDC
pressure Power
Source Supply
7. If-a tank located on the roof has a DIP level transmitter installed
100feet below the zero reference level, what would the applied
pressures be in step S? (s.g. = 1.0)
I
9. What is the principle of operation for the level instrument type in
step 8? I
10. Describe the basic method fpr initial calibration of LT-305.
I
I
11. How is the capacitance probe checked for proper calibration?
I
i
:"t'
.,.I
II 12. What two basic methods can be used to perform a calibration ohm
ultrasonic type level sensor?
f
I
I
6
FLOW INSTRUMENT
CALIBRA TION
• Differentia! pressJire
• Magnetic
• Vortex-shedding
• Turbine"
• Coriolis !
.Calibrate the following flow instrument types (to·ISA
I
standards, where eppticeblel and determine acceptability:
.. v
77
78 Flow Instrument Calibration
Differential Pressure
FIGURE 6-1.
Differential Pressure Flowmeters
'-------'~ ------l~-----.J
8 pipe diameters
upstream
5 pipe diameters
downstream
(The dip cell was described in Chapter 5.) The square root is accounted
Jar in the transmitter signal processing or by the use of square root
'extractor springs of the dip cell. However, some older models utilize a
.separate square root extractor installed in the output signal loop. In this
case the installed square root extractor must also be calibrated for the loop
to perform within specification.
Magnetic Flowmeter
FIGURE 6-2.
Magnetic Flowmeter I
f
EI£CTRIC FIELD. E I
FIELD
.[
COILS
_. j
I
r
MAGNETIC FIELD
.'
80 Flow Instrument Calibration
Vortex-shedding Flowmeter
FIGURE 6-3.
Vortex Shedding Phenomenon
.. Meter
Bore
Shear
Alternate ~
Vortices J
Layer
Turbine Flowmeter
FIGURE 6-4.
Turbine Flowmeter
PICK-UP COIL
I
" I
j
,I
ROTOR
I
FIGURE 6-5.
Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
FLUID
FORCE
,
FLOW
FLUID
FORCE
VIBRATING FLOW TUBE FLUID FORCES REACTING TO
VIBRATION OF FLOW TUBE
TWIST \
ANGLE ~
~l...,-0~~i~
6.2 CALIBRATION OF FlOWMETERS
All meters with moving parts require periodic testing because wear
over time will reduce the flowmeter performance. Calibration can be
performed either in the lab or in situ (in its original place) using a prover,
also called a master meter, or by weighing the flow output. There are
several methodologies for flowmeter calibration. Anyone of them, and
.others, may be acceptable depending on the process system configuration,
compatibility, availability of test standards, and accuracy requirements.
It is sometimes difficult or impossible to remove a flowmeter from
service for calibration. Therefore, field-mounted and inline provers have
been developed. Depending on the application and system configuration,
other methods can also be developed to check the accuracy of flowmeters.
Weighing the flowmeter output collected over a specified time is a
common alternative .
. The calibration of the signal-processing portion for most flowmeter
instruments can be checked by simulating the Signal from the flowmeter.
These me~hods do not check the sensor itself. No one generic method
works for all flowmeters. Tests must be performed in accordance with the
specific manufacturer's instructions. However a few of these methods are
discussed below.
Calibration 83
I
.i
manufacturer, or a 3rd party flow
calibration lab).
necessary to install a calibrated spare. to
keep the process downtime to a
minimum..
sensor in situ .
.'
84 Flow Instrument Calibration
Magnetic Callbralor
Percent-Output
Swllch
Input Powor
Indloa\ol1
Input Power
80leolor 8'W11oh
7. Set the calibrator range knob to select the maximum output signal.
For example, with a calculated maximum input signal of 8.32mV, the
range knob would be set to 10mV.
8. Set the maximum input signai value on the dial. For this example, the
dial would be set to 8.32(outer dial set at 8, inner dial set at 0.32).
.,I 9. Use the percent output switch to perform a 5-point check at 0,25,50,
75,and 100%.At each position, record the transmitter rnA output on
, the calibration data sheet.
10. At this.point youneed to evaluate whether to adjust the flowmeter. If
,you are going to check the flowmeter sensor, it JIlaybe prudent to ,cljJ
that prior to making any adjustments. Adjustments may have been, ,
made during the.last calibration to compensate for slight flow sen~or
inaccuracy. If you make adjustments prior to checking the flow"
sensor, you may be "undoing" the correction. If a check of the :
flowmeter will be performed, use one of the methods describedslateri
inthis chapter and then proceed with step 11,below. ,';,' ' ,i :~j
( .~~
I
I'
I 11. If necessary, calibrate the transmitter by adjusting zero' at the 0%,.
input for a 4.00 rnA output. Then adjust span at ~e 100%input for a
20.00 rnA output, Since zero and span often interact, recheck and-
adjust the zero and span until no further adjustment is necessary'.:
12. If adjustments were made, repeat step 9 above to obtain as-left ':'"
readings.
. . . . . '.
Note that this does not check'the actual flow sensor. It may be desired
or required to check the flow sensor for wear or damage, The next section
of this chapter will discuss methods for calibrating the flow sensor in situ.
The calibration of a vortex-shedding or turbine flowmeter would use
the same principles as the magnetic flowmeter above. However, the input '
standard would be a frequency generator. Again, you must use the
specific dllibration instructions provided by the manufacturer. '
Once the calibration of the signal-processing portion of the flowmeter
has been checked, a check of the flowmeter in situ is performed. Note that
some industries require that all as-found readings be obtained prior to any
adjustments. Therefore you may need to evaluate whether you would
adjust the electronics prior to checking the actual flowmeter in situ. So far
we have only mentioned flow rate meters. Some flowmeters are used as
i
I flow totalizers. Some flowmeters are used to obtain both flow rate and
flow total. We will have to consider how the flowmeter is used when
86 Flow Instrument Calibration
empty container on the scale and TARE (zero) the scale reading. It is. _oS'
I
important to TAREthe scale with anything that will be on the scale when
I'
weighing the contents of the container. Next, flow the process materic¥.(or
.~
water) throughthe flowmeter to a waste container or drain and closafhe
discharge valve in order to fill the piping completely. If zero is a desit;~d
test point, read and record the flowmeter reading. Then open the
discharge valve and flow to the diain or waste container to establish the
desired flow rate. Once the desired flow rate is stabilized, simultaneously
start the stopwatch and switch the discharge to the weighing container.
Ensure there is no spillage out of the container and verify that the
flowmeter reading is maintained at the desired test point. Recordthe I
flowmeter reading. Continue discharging the entire output of-the
flowmeter into the container for the specified time period, such as one I
minute. It may be desirable to use more time to obtain a measurable II
amount of fluid (at least % of the container). Once the specified time
period has elapsed, Simultaneously stop the stopwatch and switch the I
discharge to the drain or the waste container. Close the discharge valve.
Record the stopwatch reading and the weight. Convert the weight to the
desired units and divide by the time to obtain-the actual flow rate.
Compare the flow rate obtained with the flowmeter reading recorded.
I.,
Empty the weighing container, if necessary, and TARE the scale. Repeat
I
the procedure above for additional test points. If adjustment is required,
88 Flow Instrument Calibration
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Use the information from this chapter and the references in Appendix
A to answer the following questions:
1. How is a flowmeter calibration performed when accuracy to
manufacturer specifications is required and the process system is
incompatible with performing an in-situ calibration?
3. What are the two basic calibration methods for checking flowmeters?
4. What methods are used for incorporating the square root of the dip
for venturi-type flow devices?
; j :..,1£, ~
, •• 1
, J ::::
: ' Properly set up and connect test equipment 'to DU;r:for '.~
, , . calibration.
89 ,
90 Final Control Devices Calibration
FIGURE 7-1.
Current Practice - Field Devices
TRANSMIITER
LOOP
4-20 rnA
PROCESS INPUT
INSTRUMENT
AIR 20 PSI
(137.9 kPa)
SET POINT
FIGURE 7-2.
Final Control Element
Disturbances
Controller
I
1
I
i
""'___ I Process
Measurement
..
-~.~;;., .'~
I
The final control element can be proportional control; as descrlbJd ....
above, or ON-OFF control. For ON~OFF control, a controller outputrelay
changes the state of the relay contact which completes the circuit for a ..;--,
:'..!
solenoid valve to energize. The solenoid valve opens to allow air to open·
"d!I (or dose) a control valve. .
The first component in the final control subsystem is the signal ':
. .:~
FIGURE 7-3.
IfP Transducer
Oulpul- ..
Input
GAS "~~I~~~~
Rebalanclnp _ ..
Bellows
Nozzle Beam
FIGURE 7-4.
Typical Motion-Balance Positioner
LINKAGE
I.I nozzle. The nozzle pressure increases and causes the relay assembly.to
a
increase output pressure to the actuator. With direct-acting actuator, the
increased pressure moves the actuator stem downward. The positioner is :-;'1
mechanically connected to the stern of the valve. Stem movement is,fed [
-~--;;~.,
back to the beam by means ot"a f~edback lever and range spring, which
causes the flapper to pivot slightly away from the nozzle to prevent
further increase in relay output pressure. Note that some positioners
accept a milliamp input and include' an integral liP transducer.
~I
The last component in the final control subsystem is the final control
element. We are only going to discuss control valves. (Other final control,
elements include servo valves, heaters, conveyors, auger feeds, and
hopper gates.) There are many different types, sizes, and applications for I
control valves. Selecting the correct control valve for a specific application
is crucial to 'proper system performance. Und-ersizingand oversizing are
common problems. Valve selection is not within the scope of this book,
but many valuable resources are available to assist with proper selection,
for example,
-
a good control valve sales engineer.
-
Let's look at a typical
control valve.
94 Final Control Devices Calibration
FIGURE7-S.
Control Valve with Actllato1'
SIGNAL FROM
CONTROLLER
DIAPHRAGM
ACTUATOR _..
,
.... ....
-,
" -,
The pneumatic signal from the positioner (or liP if a positioner is not
used) is applied directly to the actuator. For this control valve, the air is
supplied above the diaphragm and pushes against spring pressure to
close the valve. The valve is fully closed when the plug is foullyseated
against the seat ring. Notice that as air pressure is-decreased, the spring
pressure causes the diaphragm, stem, and plug to move upward, opening
the valve. This means that a loss of pressure would cause the valve to
open. Therefore this is known as a fail-open valve, Different
configurations of air inlet, spring location, and valve seat arrangement
result in different fail positions and determine whether the valve is direct-
or reverse-acting. For example, the same valve pictured above, with the
plug below the seat ring (reverse-seated), would open with increased air
pressure and would fail closed on loss of air pressure ..
As can be seen from the discussion above, all components in the final
control subsystem must be configured correctly for the system to work
properly. The fail-safe positions must be correct for the application and
the action must produce the desired results. These configurations must be
properly documented and utilized during calibration, loop checks, or
troubleshooting,
Calibration 95
i The figure above illustrates the setup for a bench calibration of an IIP
-,I
I transducer. The air supply connected to the input must be in accordance
with manufacturer's specification (typically 20-100psig). The pressure
standard is connected to the air outlet, and a rnA simulator is connected to
the current input: It is important for the L/P transducer to be oriented the
same way as the installed position in the field.A change inorientation will
introduce error in most liP transducers,
If the calibration is performedin the field, the existing supply air
would be used. It is convenient to tee into the air outlet so the control,
valve position can be checked at the same time. Of course, you need to
ensure the system is in a safe condition before you open and close the
valve.
Once the setup is established, apply the rnA inputs for each desired
test point, such as 4.0, 8.0, 12.0,16.0, and 20.0 mAo Record the
corresponding outlet pressure at each test point. For a 4-20rnA input »
3-15psig.output L/P, the corresponding outputs would be 3.0, 6.0,9.0, 12.0
and 15.0psig. Some facilities adjust the 0% test point so a slightly higher
rnA input results in the 0% output For example,4.10 mA may result in a
3.0 psig output. This ensures that the valve is closed with a controller
output of 4.0mAo
Once the as-found readings are obtained, evaluate the results against
the required specification. If required, perform zero and span adjustments
96 Final Control Devices Calibration
.
(:
Use the information from this chapter and the references in Appendix Aas
necessary to answer the following questions:
1. From the list below, what is the likely calibration range for TY-300? " .'
.,_
,, A. 0-20 psig 4"0_
.. :~~
5.. What are the expected output values for the inputs applied from
question 3?
.'
98' Final Control Devices Calibration
Pressure
Stnndartl HI'
lIP Transducer
iY·JOO
3.00 LP
rnA
Output simulator
30 psig Supply
~
Pressure
Source
0 3.2 2%
50 9.5 54%
100 15.8 100%
j',
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1f. j
·1
i
j
j
I
j
i
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I'
f
,.
8
PROCESS A.NAl YTICAL
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
101
I
·1
102 Process Analytical Instrument Calibration
FIGURE 8-1.
pH Eloclrodo Output
mV
600,--------------------------,
600
300·- - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2S·C (59.16 mV/pH)
200
100
pH
1 2 J 4 567
-100
--------------------------------
-200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 'I
I:
-<400·
·500· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~ooL---------------------------~
4. Repeat step 2, except use a 4.01pH buffer solution and adjust the
slope/ span contr~l for a pH reading of 4.01. . . .
:.1
Note: As mentioned above, a 10.0pH buffer solution may be '~ . ::1
substituted for the 4.01buffer solution in step 4. However, pH buffer
solutions above 7.0 are less stable. Therefore it is preferable to use the ",'
"'r
.. ~
',j
,
I
4.0~buffer solution.
5. Repeat steps l-to-4 to maximize the precision of the calibration.
6. If desired, check the pH meter indication using a 10.0pH (or 4.01pH) .
buffer.solution. Typically, there is not. an adjustment for this third
buffer solution.
;: Note: Newer, microprocessor-based pH meters allow the use of any
two standard pH buffers that bracket the pH of the samples. Some
also allow more than two buffers to determine the slope. Refer to the
manufacturer's technical manual for procedures specific to the pH
instrument.
106 ProcessAnalytical Instrument Calibration
2. Connect a shorting plug to the input on the pH meter and adjust the
standardize/zero control on the pH meter for a reading of 0.0 mY.
3. Disconnect the shorting plug and connect the pH electrode that will
be tested. .
4. Rinse the electrode thoroughly with deionized water and gently blot
the electrode on a soft tissue
6. Remove the pH electrode from the buffer solution and repeat step 4.
7. Repeat step 5, except use a 4.01 pH buffer solution and record the mV
reading.
3. Place the probe ill a standard conductivity solution within the range
of the instrument or a sample with a calibrated analytical
conductivity meter. Record the lias-found" conductivity reading.
(This is to record the "as found" condition of the conductivity
system, probe and meter, prior to any adjustments. It is difficult to
find standard conductivity solutions in this very low conductivity
range. Therefore, it may be necessary to use purified water and ::.
I
compare the indication of.the. instrument under. test to. another. : ',i,\
i
calibrated conductivity instrument.) .
8. Set the decade box to 1 Mohm to .simulate 1.0 j.lS/ em. Record the
conductivity reading and rnA output. (i .;-1.0. x 1O-~:::;:
1,00.0,00.0.The
110 Process Analytical Instrument Calibration
9. Set the decade box to 100 Kohm to simulate 10 J.1S1 cm. Record the
conductivity reading and rr0
output. (1 -i- 10.0 x 10-6 ;; 100,000. The
expected rnA output would be 20.0 mA.)
12. Repeat step 3 and record the "as-left" conductivity reading. (TI1isis
to record the lias left" condition of the conductivity system, probe
and meter, following any adjustments and to verify instrument is
connected properly.)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
.u,
113
114 Bibliography
Type 1000 lIP and EIP Transducers (LT 06653m). Marsh Bellofram, 2003.
(Brochure).Retrieved 11/09/2004 from:
http://www.marshbellofram.com/pdfs/type1000.pdf
I
"I
I
...:.:.
Appendix A-1 . i
i
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117 .
118 Piping & Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs)
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- LOOP DIAGRAMS
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Appendix A-3
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS
;
I
! '.
:'j The following Instrument Specification Forms are examples only
,
using ISA-TR20.Use the information provided in these specification forms
to answer the chapter review questions.
The ABC Company Instrument SpecificationData Form.at the end of
this section is provided as an example for reference only. This form, ."0 .
. modified for your use, can be used to document calibration information
for each instrument and obtain approval from the user, calibration
supervisor, and quality department.
,.
.~.
123
I
I
124 Instrument Specifications
®.
21-
31- Device Soaciticatlon B La'osl reviston Dale
9 Issue stalus
~I-
u.
10
11 FLOWMETER BODY AND HOUSING 58 TOTAlIZER INDICATOR
12 leN !",. In·!!no 59 Totail. tvoe
RoII!!<!L 6D 1:ndosure twa naldaS5
I.
13~ ~Irl<llll!lP_ 01 SIonaJ oower SC\n'C8
10 ·tv
10 atlsn IT\."Ilnrlnl 63
17 End rOt nlla mnlorl31 6l SST M
10 05 il~'Vf)n
10 DO Ioc:lUonlt
20 07 mnlQrlai
21 FlOWTlJj ASSEMBLY DO
parnIcl_ctlNnd luhn!l DO PERFORMANce CHARACTERISTICS
22~
23 dlnrMl(W 1121nd1 70 'ADX:JJr.os." at dotdQl'llflmP AI
24 ~ltlr~ 311JLSST I"""
26 72 Ff.Dwrille neta-t:t . rnr.n
26
27
28 CONNECTION EhD
"~
73
74
75
M•• ka/mIn
UAt 2a1cm3
20
30 ....
10u,10
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ne ondoSUfft
P 6:'1umd n nowUR
milo
fa!!!
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31 IlUon~o 78 .. nmblnn' _ "'olomo "In.
32
sa lModnl
A
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70
80
Contnclll ne rARqq_
Contncftl de ~IWL
"'AtrJ'm.1.X
ft)(
34 61 ~,(_f9_1)SO( to rncolY1l(jg_
82
30 83 ceSSORlES
31 TRANS ERORCOMP ER
30 ....Dusln I NEMA., oRdosuro 85
84~
~gr- onsMfnmont mOOMo11oo
Iyo.
don5lty
nnal curt "I & ((QQuoncv
88
81
41 88
42 e 89 SPECIAl REOUIREMENTS
.3 90 CUstom tao sst oerinanellt attachod
44 sid
45 6n<I115VAC 60Hz 92
46 [8iisafe set aOie 93
47
48 "~
94
95 con uralion r
49 96 dis 18 lanauace
50 97 PHYS TA
61
52 molcOOI
~oooX~coal8dafuminum 98
99
estimated weio.ht
Face·lo·tace dimension
53 100 OYe""'''''ioIrt
t;.I 101 R&moval clearance
55 102 SIanoI conn rtorM'lcl alze 51 0
sa 103 ~r mkl1onl:o dwa
51 104
110 CAlIllRATIONSANO TEST INPUT OR TEST OUTPUT OR SCAlE
III TAG NO/FUNCTIONAL IDENT EIIS/SIGNAllTEST LRV URV ACTlON LRV unv
112 H·30t Mall" ftow·Annlo cutout Okolm 2Dok m dltod a rnn 20mn
113 Mnns-Annfo cut lit"
114 McnlJ.-Mol otlluul3
z
II
115 Ok()/rnln 200kolmln dltoet Ot-b. 0000
116
117
118
110
120
121 to
122 COMPONENT IDENTIFICATIONS
123 COMPONENT TYPE MhNUFACTURER M LNUMDER
R_eo_
124
125
126
127
Roy Dot<l By IAo.. t IAoov2 IAooY3 REMARl<S
r
8 l;Mest revision Dala
9
re "sue"""'"
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14
15
16
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lerrnn Iv'De
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to
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lenan
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70
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26
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AI
SENSINGREI.ENT
oiezwesistivesensor
100inH20
~ SST
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mal rial
RMANCECHARACTERlSncs
Ierno
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r~~I>k~'"~~~'~~~~E~~
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30 ~ ~ ACCESSORIES
39 as AK set rdler sMe
-
41 anatoa meter Uf1Iform iv 90 HeainQ kf1sMe ,:,!~
40
42 mternallemlnbfock
NA - 91 Remole ""oeaw_
99E~
43 NA 9:
~ ~ _'-:":C"
.,,_
126 Instrument Specifications
Calibration 127
1 I RESPONSIBLE
ORGANIZATION
U DIFFERENTIAlPRESSURESWITCH
E3i~I;:I~~ii~~~~~D:a:t'~
SPECIFICATION
lDENTIACATlONS
2 "'...... _I wiM>TRANSMInER 7~
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~--"T'~~~5""-rMax-~oress,""",b."'~::,~ ~mD
13 Processconn nominalsize 61 Min wotkina lemoefalure . Max
14 Precess
conn lermn woe SMe JIIPTfM) 62.~--fl;c%~so ...
n=- ~---1
~: =;~;~::ri!cerfaf :e ~ limIt ~~~;6~n
URL 20inH20
17 65
~ ~ ~
19 67 (\vorkina lemo Max
20 SENSINGELEMEKT 68 ac rarinQ AI max
21 Sensor etemenl lvne oressure Itansducer 69 de ra . IA AI max 30V
22 AdfuslableLRL 0 fnH20 URt 20lnHZO 10
23 Oia hraQmMrettedmaLerial 316 SST 71
~71~~~~~~~
~ n
:- =
~
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25 -
SWITCHMECHANISMwlwaTRANSMlnER
N
75
8O;~I~~~~~~~I~~~~~~~
30 tvoe rerev & analoQ' 76
31 - Enclosuretvoe noIclass 4X 7S
.!
32 ReselslvJe manualincreasina
34 SiQnalnewer seuree 62~
35. 83 ACCESSORIES
~ -
~ !!tvlDl.~~;iS;!;~~!;s:!rmja;;,,~,,~~Q~U~'~"':i(v:~ ~
~!>;-l':BticSe::'i~i.:~~:i:;~~:da:;:stv;D,,:';::.:rc;";,~o;o!,!e!e!o~e~C~C~C~_~_~_~_:_~_;_~:~_;C~-11
:~ ~ narrow ad'ustabledeadband:~ S?ECrALREQI1!REMENTS~- ,0. ~~~.' , .';,.
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43 r-- . aluminum 91~aa sst o8ananent
44 terial 92
. ~
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96
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TAGNDlFUIIC
CA~L '.. 'N!~ORS~POINT •. :·· ';', "",;.
.. LRV ,•. '.>. URV' , .. ":ACTION .
'.. OUTPUTOR
LRV '''''URV
SCAl;;:.
112 POtS405selo S.OinH20 5.5inH20 NC OV 24V
113
114 OlnH20 20inH20 dired .4 ma 20me
115 eeessoe-sese
116
117
116
U9 »., "";.:., ..
COMPQNENTIDENTIFICAnONS'·' .. t="; '.'" ,; .•.••. :.' .•.:. • j.;.. ..
120 ~COMPONENTTYPE:· ,",: ~-MANUFACTURER'··· ':.' ...:_~":! .~.'::" ····~··MOOElNUMeER~.;:2:··· ....::j:.'-I "c'
121
122
123
124
125
126
Rev" Dale'.; .. Revlslon Oescriptlon . REMARKS: .:...
t "...':·
128 Instrument Specifications
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Rov 0.,.. ROYt""n Dos<rII>Ilon Bv ~ REMARI\S
Calibration 129
!~® 7 Document no
646~1m
Device SpecifJCallon 8 Latest reyisi<:ln Oate
1------1 9 Issue status
10
11 TRANSMITTERBODY 60 PERFORMANCECHARACTERtSllCS
~~EI·n flat
12 BodvJFlanaetvoe ~leh8ild SO·C MoxA1250·C
13 Process conn norrili1af sfze 112 inch RCltlnq
14 Process conn termn type threCided SMe NPT CF) 0.1 %soan
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carllon "0.' 181ed
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Max 100Dsia
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29 materia' T 78
30 NA' 79
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34 TRANSMITTER 83
35 OutDulslonaflvoa analoa currant AcceSSORIES
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46 NA 95_ ._
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112
113
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114
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50 osiQ direp;t 4mA 20mA
115
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118 ,'. ..•.... . COMPONENT1000TIFICATIONS'" .. ., ..
119 '. COMPONENTTYPE' " MANUFACTURER· ..•••• ". . ~. , . MODEL NUMBER .
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121
122
123
124
125
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Calibration 131
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" OPERAnNG PARAMETERS 60 THERMOWElL OR PROTECTING TUBE
12 Proiect number Sub oroiect no 61 Construction twe bar siod< lhermowelf
13 ProJeCt 62 Shank si\W sliadlt
14 EAllerprise 63 Proc:eIs eonn nominal size Ralill.
16 15
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Col unn 65.
:
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68
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~
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PERFORMANC CHARACTERISTICS
Max Dl8SSalde.sian temo At
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I"!
II I
In
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Rov Dolo Rovl,lon De,;cripUon 8v REMARKS
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION RTDlTHERMOCOUPLETEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTER OR SWITCH
Davies specmcaUon
~~ 10
PERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICS
~~~~HO-U-SI~na~~~.~~T~RAN~S~M~I~TTTER~O~R~SW1~T~C~H~'~
~ ~
Accuracv faUna 0.2% soan
13 fnolit sensOf' t'lDe ~ 54 Measurement LRL 32"F URL 212"F
-r--- __
14 OulDuls1onallvoe 55 M'1I1 ambient workloo femo 10·C Max 50·C
15 Min measUlementsoan F 56 ContaCls ac ratlna At max
16 Terro coaf!ToIerancec( rd 57 Conlacls de raUno At max
17 Isolallon tvoe 58
18 Enctosure tvoe no/class' 59
190
2
-l'~'linear
Pro",n!.Jt
DU"""sh",b""utto=n~~~~_"
10 measurement
S601
"21 ~ std Hart ereteeer 62
22r- 1000 12-2hdc 63
~r- ~
~r- 5 ~
25 '- NA auonlllv 65
~~r-- Transien1 Dcotection failsafe : ACCESSORIES
28 'nleore.'ndlcaklr sMa LCD meter 4 diQil 69 IR.mote TndlcalOlsMa
29 Sianallennlnation tvue Irani screw terminals 70 /Indicator enclosure
30
~ CerVAoDoovaj tvoe
~~_ 71
n IfJJt sat tilter style
lAir set eauaee
32 FallurelOiaanoslicBeUon drive output high 73
33 Dead band tvce 74
35 Tamil-
Q)lJlDeosatiolllvoef:oldiunction:inlernal 76_ sst oermanent aUachad
36 E!nclosuramaterial 17
====~~s~aoI;;in;t::::::========::::::::::::j
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41 82
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43 PI-/YSICALOATA '..,.
44 85 weiQhl
45 86 -_.
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47 Sa sue Sf Ie
48 - aQ reference dWQ
~40 81111!ii!!ii!i!iI~"lIl''iil''-I1i1l1'1II
00
~ ~
~ ~
110 CALIBRATIONSANDTESr-: '. ·INPUTORSETPOINT.·· . -.' -.,' OUTPUT OR SCALE
111 TAG NO/FUNCTIONALIDENT MEASISIGNAUTEST·' LRV"·· .. URV .' AcnON lRV -, ... -, ,.• URV.
112 Tr-200 Temp-AnaklQ output 1 32.o-F 212.0·F dired 4:00 mA 20.00rnA
113
IE
11~
115
116
117
118
119 Tempsetoolnl 1-0utpUt
120 Temp 2-Outaul
121 Temp 3-QuIa:wt
122 Temo 4-Oulpltt
123
124
125
128 ".""J"','" -'Ce" ",)/".". ,"'·"·'COMPONENfiDENTIACATIONS .....•.". ',n ;c':. "c.'~"'''''' .":.'.- ..".;-"
127 r . COMPONENTlYPE·' '. MANUFACTURER" " .", MODEL NUMBER ." •.. , ,., ,:. "- -;',
128
129
130
131
132
133
. Rev Date ..: RevisIol1DeSCriDtiot,-·.' Bv .. Appvf Appv2 Ap,oVJ '.~"~; ,:,,':~' '!" ;,",',:"REMARKS:- ",
*':
ABC Company
Instrument Specification Data Form
ired:
INSTRUMENT DATA
Manufacturer: Model Number:
Equipment/System: Serial Number:
Tag Number: *Instrument Range:
Description: Calibration Standard: DYES DNa
• Per manufacturer's specification
PROCESS DATA
..* Calibration tolerance cannot be more stringent than the manufacturer's tolerance. If
tighter tolerance is necessary, the instrument must be re-evaluated for the application .
Date:
Date:
Date:
I
I
Appendix A-4
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
Temperature
SOP TITLE
NUMBER
SOP-CAL~06 Calibration/Calibration Check of Temperature Indicator/Recorder
SOP-CAL-O?· Calibration/Calibration Check of Dial Thermometers -
SOP-CAL-OB
SOP-CAL-09
Calibration/Caiibration
Transmitters
Check of RTD Input Electronic Temperature
.>
146 Calibration Procedures
! Calibration Data
1 % Input Standard As-Found Deviation As-Left
I
i
I
.!
Service: Status Change.' ( ) NI A Attachments: ( ) N/A
( ) In tolerance ' ( )New ( ) Data
( ) Out of Tolerance ( ) Active ( ) Chart
( ) Adj. to within tolerance ( ) Out of service ( ) Test Report
( ) Cal by vendor, ( ) Tolerance ( ) Certificate
( ) Repaired ( ) Classification ( ) Mfg specifications
( ) Work Order ( ) Interval ( ) Other:
, I
I
I Calibration Date: I Next Calibration Due Date: I
Comments:
I
!
Performed By: Date:
Reviewed By: Date:
148 Calibration Procedures
Calibration Data
Measured Data (DUT / Standard)
Target (Std./ OUT) {circle one)
(circle one)
As-Found Deviation As-Left Deviation
Technician's comments:
Calibration 149
.~"
Initial Perform the following prior to testing:
conditions • Ensure associated system is shut down. Ifthis is not possible, the contioi
functions from the instrument loop under test must be placed in mamjJOr
disabled to prevent rel!ponseto test signal simulations.
~-1 J
• Isolate the pressure sensor, if practical, and bleed off pressure in
accordance with the site Lockout/Tagoutprocedure.
I!
150 Calibration Procedures
Step Action
I Make connections between the pressure source, pressure standard,
and the transmitter input.
3 Ex.ercise the transmitter from zero to full scale and back to zero.
4# Adjust the pressure (vacuum) source to 10, 50, and 90% of the
calibration range and record tbe following at each data point:
• Digital pressure standard reading
• Current output
• Remote indication (if applicable)
5# Verify proper operation of all control outputs and alarms at the
proper setpoints. Record all outputs checked and actual values
obtained.
Step Action
6#
If... Then ...
If transmitter output is not Calibrate the transmitter in -
-within 112the specified accordance with the applicable
tolerance manufacturers technical
manual and repeat step 4.
I
.;.if
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
• Final readings obtained arc within thc tolerance specified on the
calibration work order fonn.
References
Manunl No. Manual TiUe
N/A Applicable manufacturer's technical manual
As-Found As-Left
Step#' , Parameter Reguired Data Data
Continued on nextpage
Standards Used:
Remarks:
Calibration 155
Calibration/Calibration Check
of Electronic Diffential Pressure SOP-CAL-02 Rev 0
ABC Company Transmitter Effective Date: DRAFT
Work Instruction Page 1 of3 Attach.: 1
Prerequisites Prior to performing this maintenance item, perform the following .... -.
I
activities:
• Record required information on the calibration form.
II
:t:
.~
Procedural Follow the procedural steps shown in the table below: -'i
steps • Do not perform any adjustmentsuntil all "as found" calibration data ..
Ii
;.
has been recorded. .
• Note any deviation from this procedure in the remarks section of the jf
calibration form.
...
<'
Procedural steps marked with a pound sign (#) either require ,·d
information found on the calibration form used for recording data :"',
(Attachment A) or req~ire data to be recorded on the calibration form.
'."-:;:
511
If ... Then .•.
If transmitter output is not Calibrate the transmitter in accord-
within 112 the specified ance with the applicable manufac-
tolerance turers technical manual and repeat
step 4.
6 Disconnect the test equipment from the unit under test and
reinstall, if necessary.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
• Final readings obtained are within the tolerance specified on the
calibration work order form.
References
.Manual No. Manual Title
N/A. Applicable manufacturer's technical manual -......
.,.
I
I
I
I
158 Calibration Procedures
As-Found As-Left
Step II Parameter Required Data Datll
Standards Used:
2 Milliammeter
Remarks:
Table of Contents
1.0 PURPOSE 1
2.0 SCOPE : ~ 2
3.0 DEFINITIONS : 2
4.0 REFERENCES/ATTACHMENTS 2
5.0 MATERIALSIREAGENTS/EQUIPMENT : ; :.2
6.0 SAFETY : 2
7.0 PROCEDURE : 3
8.0 DOCUMENT REVISION ...: : 4,
. fl
-,
~.
1.0 PURPOSE
2.0 SCOPE
3.0 DEFINlTIONS
4.0 REFERENCES/ATTACHMENTS
5.0 MATERIALSfREAGENTS/EQUIPMENT
6.0 SAFETY
6.1 All procedures will be performed in accordance with and under the constraints of
ABC Company safety procedures and applicable Federal, State, and Local safety
rules and regulations.
7.0 PROCEDURE
7.1 Visually inspect the UUT for damage. Notify the user group and repair or replace as
directed. .
Note: Always attempt to obtain "As Found" data prior to repair, replacement, or
adjustments. .
7.4.1 Differential pressure transmitters will be tested at 10"10, 50%, and 90% of span
.•! unless otherwise specified by instrument owner. Test Standards must. _ ,I
maintain a 4: 1 accuracy ratio unless otherwise specified on the applicable'
Instrument Specification. Data Form.
7.4.2 Disconnect one of the transmitter output leads and connect.the millianun~ter .
i
ro. in series with the transmitter output.
7.4.3 Connect the pressure source and NIST traceable pressure calibrator to the high
t! pressure port of the UUT. ':;",
7.4.4 Apply pressute to the high pressure side of the transmitter. Approach thetest
point as indicated by the pressure standard. Record the transmitter output'
current reading and the remote indication, if applicable, on Calibration Data
Sbeet#2.
Note: Test points must be reached within +1- 5% of targeted test point.
7.5.1 Compare the "As Found" data to the tolerance specified on the Calibration
Data Sheet.
7.5.2 Iran "As Found" value is "Out of Tolerance", a Calibration Out of Tolerance
Form must be generated per Calibration System Description SOP. Proceed to
Adjustments, section 7.6.
7.5.4 If all of the "As Found" data is within the specified tolerance, proceed to
section 7.7.
7.6 Adjustments
7.6.1 Adjust and repair transmitter according to manu facturcrs suggested repair
guidelines. If guidelines are unavailable, replace the transmitter.
7.6.2 If'the UUT can not be adjusted to specification, remove the device from
service
7,8.1 Complete and process the Calibration Data Sheet per the Calibration System
Description SOP.
7.8.2 Complete and affix the appropriate calibration labels per the Calibration
System Description SOP.
Prerequisites
I The following prerequisites shail be completed prior to performance of the
maintenance item:
• Record the required information on the calibration form.
Conlinlledon nextpage
Step Action
2 Make connections between the pressure source, pressure standard,
and thc gauge under test.
511 Record the pressure (vacuum) standard reading and gauge under
test rending at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the calibration range as
pressure (vacuum) is increased.
711 • lfthe gauge under test indicates values greater than 1/2 the
specified tolerance and the gauge is calibratablc, adjust the
gauge until indications are less than 1/2 the specified
tolerance,
• If adjustments are made, repeat steps 5 - 6 and record final
values.
8 Disconnect the test equipment from the gauge under test and
reinstall, if necessary.
Continuedon nextpage
Step Action
10 If all checks are within tolerance, restore the gauge to operational
condition and notify appropriate personnel of work performed.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria to
'~riteria determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by supervision.
• Final pressure.(vacuum) measurements obtained are within the tolerance
specified on the calibration work order form.
References
Manual No. Manual Title
N/A App'licable manufacturer's technical manual
)
Calibration 167
As-Found As-Left
Step # Parameter Reguired Data Data
Standurds Used:
Digital pressure/vacuum
gauge
Remarks:
PcrfurmcdBy: _ Date: _
11
. Procedural Follow the procedural steps shown in the table below:
steps • Do not perform any adjustments until all "as found" calibration data has,
. been recorded.
• Note any deviation from this procedure in the remarks section of the
calibration form. . .
• Procedural steps marked with a pound sign (#) either require information
.found on the calibration form used for recording data (Attachment A) or
require data to be recorded on the calibration form.
Step Action
I Caution: Keep powcr leads separated to prevent circuit
shorting and possible equipment damage.
lfrequired, disconnect power leads from pressure switch.
Step Action
8# For low pressure switch:
• Slowly increase the pressure until the switch changes state, as
indicated by a change in voltage or resistance reading.
• Record the pressure switch reset value as indicated on the
digital pressure gauge.
11# Complete the calibration form and affix the applicable calibra.t!p!i. '.
j
label.' . ."".'
...
....i
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
:. I,
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
..•.
supervision. ,
'. Final trip (and reset) values obtained are within the tolerance
specified on the calibration work order form.
"
For Reference Only
172 Calibration Procedures
References
Manual No. Manual Title
N/A Applicable manufacturer's technicul manual
Calibration 173
As-Found As-Left
Step # Parameter Reguired' Data Data
Standards Used:
2 Multimeter
. Remarks;
calibration check
Continued on nextpage.
..
r
r
I
I
. For Reference' Only
I
176 Calibration Procedures
311 • If the indicator under test indicates values greater than 1/2 the
specified tolerance, perform steps I and 2 at 10% and 90% of
full range.
• Adjust the indicator until the correct reading is obtained and
repeat steps 1 - 3.
• Go to step 7.
PERFO~NGTEMPERATUREINDICATOR1JRECORDER
CALIBRATION CHECK
Step Action
4 • Verify temperature sensor is in a well and remove from
system.
• If not in a well, coordinate with the user area and isolate the
system to allow removal.
Preceduralsteps (cont.)
COMPLETION
Step Action
7# Complete the calibration form and apply the applicable calibration
label.
-e-.
For Reference Only
178 Calibration Procedures
References
Manual No. Manual Title
N/A Applicable manufacturer's technical manual
As-Found As-Left
Parameter Reauired
Normal Operating ±
1,2,3
Temperature
-- --
3 10% Range ±
-- --
(if required) orNA
90% Range -- ± --
(if required) orNA
5,6 Temperature ±
(ice point)
5,6 Temperature -- ± --
(process)
5,6 Temperature ±
(additional point if desired)
L
Standards Used: I
I
I
Description Serial number or other I.D. Cal Due Date
I
J
J--
Reference thermometer
i
2 Bath/block I
3
I
j
Remarks:
I
I
.;.-
PerrormedBy:
Reviewed By:
_ Date:
Date:
_
_
I
I ,'<;
For Reference Only
Calibration : 181
.: !,
calibration form.
• Procedural steps marked·with a pound sign (#) either require information A~~.
found on the calibration formused for recording data (Attachment A) or
require data to be recorded on the-calibration form. ;fl
5#
· Place the thermometer and digital RTD reference thermometer
in the temperature bathlblock.
COMPLETION
Step Action
7# Complete the calibration form and apply the applicable calibration
label. :~ ..
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
crlterla to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision. .
• Final thermometer indications obtained are within the tolerance
specified on the calibration work order form.
.'
References
Manual No. Manunl Title
N/A Applicable manufacturer's technical manuul
"-:
For Reference Only
Calibration 185
CALIBRATION/CALmRATlON CHECK OF
DIAL THERMOMETER DATA SHEET .
As-Found As-Left
. r
Step # Parameter Reguired Data Data
5,6
Dial thermo-
meter (ice point)
Reference thermo-
Reference thermometer
reading ±__
NA ._--
I
meter (process)
I
5,6 Dial thermo- Reference thermometer
meter (process) reading ±__
. :,,
5,9 Reference thermo- NA
meter (additional
point if desired)
.-:";
5,6 Dial thermo- Reference thermometer
'. meter (additional reading, ±_.__
point if desired)
Standards Used:
Reference thermometer
2 Bath/block
3 Thermocouple reference
(if required)
Remarks:
Equipment! These items will be needed for performance of this procedure: ..,
materials • RTD simulator (or decade box) accurate to +1- 0.1 5 ohms (method
i needed B only) .
• Digital RID reference thermometer accurate to +/- 0.1 C
.1
• Multimeter accurate to 0.1% of reading ':e..
Prerequisites
• Temperature reference bathlblock
:.:.',,,,.,~
The following prerequisites shall be completed prior to performance of the
.- I
j
maintenance item: .J
Determine the method to be used from the work order:
• .Loop check (Method A) or
• Electronic check (Method B)
• Record the required setpoint on the Calibration form.
• Determine the. components of the loop to be checked and record ,"'.
ideritification (P&ID tag number, bar code number, serial number, or
description) in the remarks column.
Confirm the' correct RID alpha is being used.
• Determine the required transmitter output current (required for performing'
step 4) using the following equation: .
{(Required Reference Temperature - Instrument Zero Temperature) 1
Instrument Temperature Range} * 16 rnA + 4 rnA
Example: Required reference thermometer temperature is 60 degrees C.
Temperature transmitter range is 40 - 90 degrees C.
Continued on nextpage
'j.
.<;"
r
I
I
I
I
I
I
188 Calibration Procedures
Initial Ensure temperature and humidity conditions in the area being recorded are
condltlens stable
If... Then ...
The temperature control loop • plnce controller in manual
performs control function which OR
could produce undesirable operating
• disable controller output
results while simulating test signals
(for example, temperature signal OR
provides input for control steam to • shutdown the system being
heat exchanger) controlled (coordinate with
user area).
RTD is in a well Remove the RTD from the well
RTD is not in a well Shutdown and drain the system
Continued on nextpage
Calibration 189
Page 3 of7
Continued on nextpage
:oJ
!.
I
:; .
190 Calibration Procedures
7#
If ... Theil ...
If transmitter output is not Adjust beth/block temperature to
within 112the speci fled 0% and 100% of transmitter span.
tolerance Adjust zero and span at each
point, respectively, until no
further adjustments are required.
Repeat step 5.
10# Verify proper actuation of all control outputs and alarms at the
proper setpoints. Record all outputs checked and actual values
obtained.
11#
If... Then ...
I
If transmitter output is not Calibrate the transmitter in accord-
within U2 the specified ance with the applicable manufac-.:
I
.:..!
tolerance turers technical manual and repeat
step 9.
..
Ifremote display is not Calibrate the display in accordance
within 112the specified, with the manufacturers technical
tolerance manual and repeat step 9.
COMPLETION
Step Action
1411 Complete the calibration form and affix the applicable calibration
label.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
• Final rendings obtained are within the tolerance specified on the
calibration work order form.
I
I' Attachments The following are attachments to this work instruction:
!~
No. Title Pages
: : A Calibration/Calibration Check ofRTD Input Electronic 2
,
Temperature Controller Data Sheet
.I
References
Manual No. Manual Title
N!A Applicable manufacturer's technical manual
.,
I
• f
;1
'.'
For Reference Only
I
'1
I
Calibration .i95
j
!
196 Calibration Procedures
As-Found As-Found
SteD # Parameter Required
6, 7 Alarm or control output +/-
(10, II)
6, 7 Alarm or control output +/-
(10, II)
6, 7 Alarm or control output +/-
(10,11 )
Standards Used:
RTD simulator
2 Referencethermometer
; ,
3 Milliammeter 'f
I"
4 BathIBlock
Remarks:
:
Document No.: I ~~viSion No.: I Effective Date: I
Page 1 of4
SOP-CAL-09
Tille:
Calibration of Glass Thermometers
I Supersedes Document No.: .
None .
Author (print Name): Author Signature: Date:
Table of Contents
1.0 PURPOSE : , ~ ~ .. : 2
2.0 SCOPE , "".2
3.0 DEFINITIONS : 2
4.0 REFERENCESIATTACHMENTS , 2.
5.0' MATERIALSIREAGENTSIEQUIPMENT ,;.~:;.; 2
6.0 SAFETY : : 3
7.0 PROCEDURE ~ ; , 3
8.0 DOCUMENT REVISION ; 4
-~
: I
1.0 PURPOSE
1.1 The purpose of this procedure is to provide standardized instruction for the
calibration of digital thermometers and glass thermometers.
2.0 SCOPE
2.1 This procedure applies to personnel required to calibrate and maintain glass
thermometers and digital thermometers located at ABC Company.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
4.0 REFERENCES/ATTACHMENTS
5.0 MATERIALSIREAGENTSIEQUIPMENT
5.3 Ice
6.0 SAFETY
6.1 All procedures will be performed In accordance with and under the constraints of
ABC Company safety procedures and applicable Federal, State, and Local safety
rules and regulations.
7.0 PROCEDURE
,
i
7.1 Visually inspect the UUT for damage. If damage is found, notify the user group and
repair or replace as directed.
.j
Note: Always attempt to obtain "As Found" data prior to repair, replacement, or
adjustment.
1
7.2 Warm up/Stabilization Requirement None. s-
I
7.3 . UUT Accuracy/Specification: Manufacturer's specification .orapproved user-assigned.
tolerance. ~i
•.
:.•.
Note: Glass thermometers will be tested at 3 points across the operating range of.;he
UUT in the lower, middle and upper third of the range, unless otherwise '.'
specified by instrument owner. (JOe will be used as a test point in the '. .-
appropriate third of the thermometer.
7.4.1 Place a NIST traceable temperature indicator in appropriate bath. Run the
bath to the test point as indicated on the test standard. Both the standard'and J
the UUT must be placed at the same depth in the bath. If the UUT is a partial
immersion thermometer insert the thermometer in the bath at a depth equal to
the immersion line.
704.2 After test point is achieved, record the "as found" readings from the test
standard and UUT on the Calibration Data Sheet.
7.43 . Repeat steps 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 for the remaining test points:
I.j
I
I
I
J
200 Calibration Procedures
7.5.1 Compare the "As Found" data to the tolerance specified on the Calibration
Data Sheet.
7.5.3 Ifall of the "As Found" data is within the specified tolerance, proceed to
section 7.7.
7.6 Adjustments
7.6.2 If the UlIT can not be adjusted to specification, remove the device from
service.
7.8.1 Complete and process the calibration data sheet per the Calibration System
Description SOP.
7.8.2 Complete and affix the appropriate calibration labels per the Calibration
System Description SOP.
'1 Equipment! These items will be needed for performance of this procedure:
,! materials
needed
• Multirneter accurate to O.~% of reading
• Capacitance meter (if desired to check probe capacitance) .
• Frequency counter (ifdesired to check probe frequency)
• Capacitance Decade Box (for Method B using capacitance)
./
• Function Generator (for Method B using frequency) , J
i
Prerequisites The following prerequisites shall be completed prior to performance of t~: ,f
maintenance item: . 'jd:.
J
• Determine the method to be used from the work order: .
* Actual Tank Volume (Method A) or
,* CapacitancelFrequency Simulation (Method B).
• Record the required information on the calibration form.
~.
I·~
6#
IF_. THEN...
. The instrument under test Then calibrate in accordance
indicates values greater than with the manufacturers
112 the specified tolerance. technical manual until
indications are less than )/2
the specified tolerance and
repeat steps I - 4.
.~,
level for tbe probe that was disconnected. Record the current
output from the transmitter and remote indication. . , :.:
-i-
.,.
12# Verify proper operation of all alarm outputs and control functions.
13#
Record results,
7
,
~._'
':r
IF.... THEN ...
The instrument under test Then calibrate in accordance
indicates values greaterthan with the manufacturers
1/2 the specified tolerance. technical manual until
...
indications are less than 1/2
the specified tolerance and
repeat steps 9 - 11.
.~
For Reference Only
204 Calibration Procedures
COMPLETION
Step I Action
15# Complete the calibration form and affix the applicable calibration
label.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
• Final readings obtained are within the tolerance specified on the
calibration work order form,
References
Manual No. Manual Title
N/A Applicable manufacturer's technical manual
.,
!
-,J-
I
-j
I
-I
I
For Reference Only
Calibration 207
As-Found As-Left
Step # Parameter Required Data Data
2,6 10% Output Current 5.60 +/- rnA rnA rnA
(9, 13)
2,6 1Q%Remote Display +/-
(9, 13)
2,6 10% Frequency 1
'"
,~. 4,6 90% Output Current i8.40 +/- rnA rnA rnA
(11, 13)
:!
4,6 90% Remote Display +/-
i
---" ',1
(11, 13)
4,6 90% Frequency
(11, 13)
As-Found As-Found
Step # Parameter Required Data Data
5 Alarm or control ouiput +/-
(12)
f!
5 Alarm or control output +/- I
(12)
I
;;;-
5
(12)
Alarm or control output +/-
I
Continued On next page
¢
For Reference Only
.1
208 Calibration Procedures
Standards Used:
Milliammeter
2 Capacitance Meter
3 Frequency Counter
5 Function Generator
Remarks:
PerfunnedBy: __ Date: _
calibration form, i
.)
• Procedural steps marked with a pound sign (#) either require information "
procedure is checking, mark the step N/A on the calibration data form. '1
,'.,
Step Action
j
1 • Place the container on the scale and zero (tare) the scale.
• If a large amount of fluid will be weighed, it may be desirable
I
, to place the container on a cart. In this case, ensure the cart is
on the scale when tared. '. I
2 • If possible, reset the totalizer indication to zero.
• If not possible, note the initial indication.
Stcp Action
3 • Direct all output from the flow totalizer into the container.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
criteria to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
• Final volumes agree within the tolerance specified on the
calibration work order form.
I
Approvals! This work instruction must be approved by: I
Author I
I
Manager, ABC Company Date I
1
·Calibration . 213
II As-Found As-Left
i Step# Parameter Required Data Data
I
I 4,6 Weight of amount NA·
"
I 4, 6
dispensed
Standards Used:
Digital SC,aIe
Rosemount 268 Interface'
2 (if applicable)
Remarks:
PerfurmedBy: _ Date: _
Table of Contents
1.0 PURPOSE 1:.
2.0 SCOPE ;.: 2
i
3.0 DEFINITIONS : :.2
J 4.0 REFERENCES/ATTACHMENTS ;.2
.!
I 5.0 MATERlALSJREAGENTSIEQUIPMENT :2
6.0 SAFETY 2
7.0
8.0 ~~~~~REViSioN·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::j::::.:.
.. ·;ti-
-c:
.~~
J.~
"!,,~l
,~';!
I.
.: i
,-'I
I
~.
1.0 PURPOSE
1.1 The purpose of this procedure is to provide standardized instruction for the
calibration of Current to Pressure Transducers.
2.0 SCOPE
2.1 This procedure applies to personnel required to calibrate and maintain current to
pressure transducers located at AUC Company.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
5.0 MATERIALSIREAGENTSIEQUIPMENT
6.0 SAFETY
6.1 All procedures will be performed in accordance with and under the constraints of
ABC Company safety procedures and applicable Federal, State, and Local safety
rules and regulations.
Calibration .217
7.0 PROCEDURE
7.1 Visually inspect the UUT for damage. Notify the user group and repair or replace as
directed.
Note: Always attempt to obtain "As Found" data prior to repair, replacement, or
adjustments.
7.4.2
the supply pressure in the comment section of the calibration Data Sheet: s~l'
.
Connect the milliamp simulator to the input of the UUT.
~'.
'ff, I
I
.' .....1
7.4.3 Connect the pressure measuring device to the output ofthe UUT. ;~--
7.4.4 Set,the milliamp simulator for 4 rnA (or the 0010
'signal) to the input and rec3Id ::~
.~
~,.i 7.4.5
the output pressure on the Calibration Data Sheet. .
Repeat step 7,4.4 for input values of 12.0 rnA and 20.0·mA.
j
't
,-!-i
$
.i..':
7.4.6 Proceed to section 7.5, "As Found" Data Interpretation
y.
. .
.For Reference Only
218 Calibration Procedures
7.5.4 If nil of the "As Found" data is within the specified tolerance, proceed to
section 7.7.
7.6 Adjustments
7.6.2 If thc UUT can not be adjusted to specification, remove the device from
service
7.7.1 RetumUUTtoservice.
7.8.1 Complete and process the Calibration Data Sheet per the Calibration System
Description SOP.
7.8.2 Complete and affix the appropriate calibration labels per the Calibration
System Description SOP.
Calibration/Calibration Check of
Leads & Northrup 7082 SOP-CAL-13 Rev 0
. ABC Company Conductivity Analyzers Effective Date: Draft
Work Instruetlon Page 1 of5 Attach.: 1
Purpose ·To perform a calibration check and, if necessary, calibration of Leeds &
Northrup 7082 conductivity analyzers.
Step Action
I Remove the conductivity cell from the system.
8 Note: This step will remove all stored alarm setpoints and cell
constant will default.
Usc the up and down arrows to change the cell calibration factor
to 1.000 and·~NTER.
Step Action
10#
If... Then ...
If the indicator under test Calibratethe indicator in
indicates values greater accordance with the manufacturer's
than 112the specified technical manual until indications
tolerance are less than 112the specified
·tolerance.
-.-.
If adjustments are made Repeat step 9 and record final
values.
15# • Use the up and down arrows to change the cell calibration
factor to the value recorded on step 7.
• Press ENTER.
~.
Continued 011 nextpage
Step Action
1711 • At the analyzer, press CELL CONST.
• Usc the up anddown arrows to change the cell constant to the
value recorded on step 6.
Step Action
1911 Complete the calibration form and affix the applicable calibration
label.
20 If all checks are within tolerance, restore the conductivity
indicator to operational condition and notify appropriate
personnel of work performed.
Acceptance Personnel performing this maintenance shall use the following criteria
crlterln to determine satisfactory completion, subject to review of data by
supervision.
Final conductivity indications obtained are within the tolerance
specified on the calibration work order form.
References
Manual No. ' Manual Title
N/A Applicable manufacturers. technical manual
;1"
I
Approvalsl This work instruction must be approved by:
I
.1
author
,
.: Quality. ABC Company Date
",J
------------------------------------------~-- "
:: I
t-..·· '\., ..
;:;;-
Calibration 225
3, 10 Conductivity in DI water
5, 16 Alarm I Setpoint NA NA
5, 16 Alarm 2 Setpoint NA NA
Standards Used:
Remarks:
Note: This list is for example purpose~ only and is not recommending a
particular manufacturer/model number.
Precision RTD
Hart 9103
Hart 1521
-25C to 140C
± 0.25C
±0.025C
.
I
HART communicator
Floor scale
Rosemount 275
Mettler-Toledo
NA
0.1% reading + 1 digit
I
Hand pressure/vacuum Heise TP-l N/A /'
pump
Dead weight tester Ashcroft 1305D. ± 0.1 % of reading
12" analog test gCluge Heise CC ± 0.1 % FS
- 6 digit calibrated. Heise 910B
41J.z ± 0.035% span
meter
,.
227
Appendix A-6
RTD AND THERMOCOUPLE
-TABLES-
-,
.1
229
230 RTD and Thermocouple Tables
RTD Temperature
vs. Resistan'ce Table
For European Curve, Alpha::: .00385,ITS-90 1° Celsius Increments
·c Oh'III DU~ 'C Ohm. 0111. -c Ol&ml PUI. ·c Ohms PIff. ·C Ohms Dill. 'C Ohms 0111.
·200 rasa ·1~0 03'u 0.~2 -00 !l8.33 0.• ' ·20 02.16 0.39 00 100.00 0.39 -so 123.2~ 0.38
100 10.00 0 .• 4 139 4420 0.41 70 GO.73 O,otO 10 02.55 0.39 +1 100.39 0.39 61 12:1.62 0.38
190 19.39 0.43 138 ".71 0.42 70 00.13 0.40 19 02.05 0.40 2 100.78 0.39 62 124.01 0.39
197 19.82 0.43 137 4512 0.41 77 69.63 0.40 17 03.34 0.39 3 101.17 0.39 63 124.39 0.38
100 20.2$ 0.43 138 45.5:1 0.~1 70 69.03 0.40 10 03.73 0.39 4 101.so 0.39 a.I 124.77 0.38
ms 20.GO 6.43 135 45.05 0.42 75 70.33 0.40 15 94.12 0.39 5 101.95 0.39 65 125.17 0.40
194 21.11 0.43 134 40.3~ OAO 74 70.73 0.40 14 04.62 0040 8 102.34 0.30 66 125.55 038
103 21.64 0.43 133 40.70 0.41 73 71.13 0.40 13 04.01 0.30 7 102.73 0.39 fIT 125.93 0.38
102 21.D7 0.43 132 ~7.18 0.42 72 71.53 0.40 12 95.00 0.39 8 103.12 0.30 sa 1:tfl.32 0.39
OS.OO
101
100
lao
22.40
22.53
0043
0.43
2320 0.43
131
100
129
47.69
48.00
40.41
0.~1
0,41
0.41
71
70
ro
71.03
72.33
72.73
0.40
0.40
0.40
II
10
9
00.09
00.40
0.39
0.40
0.39
°
10
11
103.61
103.00
104.20
0.39
0.30
0.39
60
70
71
12!l.70
127.00
127.40
0.38
038
0.38
180 23.G9 0.43 120 46.02 041 80 73.13 0.40 a 06.67 0.39 12 104.80 0.39 72 127.85 0.39
107 24.12 9.43 127 40.23 0.41 fIT 73.63 0.40 7 97.20 0.30 13 105.07 0.30 73 121l.23 0.38
100 24,55 0.43 120 40.o-r 0.41 00 73.03 0.40 0 07.05 0.30 14 105.40 0.39 74 128.01 030
IDS 2~.97 0.42 125 50.00 0.42 55 7•. 33 0.40 5 08.Q4 0.30 15 105.05 O.:JD 76 12D.OD 0~6
164 25_39 OA2 124 60.47 0.4' 64 74.73 0.40 4 00.44 0.40 16 10024 0.39 78 121l.30 0.39
103 26.62 0.43 123 60.88 0.41 03 75.13 0.40 3 08.03 0.39 17 100.03 0.39 77 129.76 0.36
182 20.:tfl 0.03 122 5129 0,41 02 75.63 0.40 2 60.22 0.30 18 107.02 0.39 70 '38.14 0.38
161 20.07 0.42 121 5'.70 0.41 6' 75.03 0.40 1 99.61 0.39 19 107.~0 0.36 79 1:n52 0.36
160 27.10 0."3 120 52.11 0.41 60 76.33 0.40 20 lfIT.7e 0.39 80 130.90 0.38
170 27.62 0,42 110 52.62 0.41 59 76.73 0.40 21 108.18 0.39 81 131.26 0.36
170 27.55 0.03 110 52.92 0.40 58 77.13 OAO 22 108.57 0.39 82 131.67 0.39
177 28.37 0..2 117 53.33 0.41 57 77.52 0.39 23 100.00 0.39 83 1:!2.05 0.33
170 20.80 0.43 116· 53.74 0.41 58 77.02 0.40 24 109.35 0.39 84 132.43 0.36
178 20.22 0.42 liS 54.15 0.41 55 7B.32 0.40 25 109.73 0.38 65 132.81 0.36
17. 20.65 0.43 114 54.56 0.41 54 7B.72 0.40 21l 110.12 Q.39 88 133.19 0.36
173 30.07 0.42 113 54.97 0.41 53 79.11 0.39 27 110.51 0.39 87 1:1357 0.36
172 30.49 0.42 112 55.36 0.41 52 79.51 0.40 28 110.90 0.39 88 1:13.95 0.38
171 30.92 0.03 111 55.78 0.40 51 79.91 0.40 29 111.26 0.38 89 134.33 0.38
170 31.~ 0.42 110 56.'9 0.41 50 80.31 0.40 30 111.67 0.39 90 134.71 0.36
169 31.10 0.42 109 55.60 0.41 49 00.70 0.39 31 112J)6 0.39 91 135.09 0.38
108 32.16 0.42 108 57.00 0.40 48 81.10 D.40 32 112.45 0.39 92 135.47 0.39
1fIT 32.61 0.43 lfIT 57.41 0.41 47 61.50 0.40 as 112.83 0.38 93 135.65 0.38
IGO 33.03 0.42 106 57.82 0.41 48 61.89 0.39 34 113.22 0.39 04 13623 0.36
165 33.45 0.42 105 58.22 0,40 45 82.29 0.40 35 113.61 0.39 05 136.61 0.38
1114 33.00 0.41 104 58.63 0.41 0\4 62.60 040 36 113.99 0.38 06 138.09 0.38
103 ~.28 0.42 103 6O.o-r 0.41 43 03.!l8 0.39 37 114.38 0.39 97 137.37 0.36
162 34.70 0.42 102 59.44 0.40 42 83.48 0.'0 38 114.77 0.39 99 137.75 0.38
161 35.12 0.42 101 59.85 0.41 41 83.60 OAO 39 115.16 0.38 00 130.13 0.36
lGO 35.64 0.42 100 0020 0.41 40 84.27 0.39 40 116.64 0.39 100 138.51 0.38
159 35.99 0.~2 00 00.67 0.41 30 64.07 0.40 41 116.03 0.30 101 138.89 0.36
160 30.38 0.42 00 01.07 0.40 38 1lS.00 0.30 42 118.31 0.36 102 130.27 0,38
157 30.60 0.42 07 OUO 0.41 37 05.46 0.40 43 110.70 0.39 103 139.05 0.30
158 37.22 O.4~ 99 OUl7 0.41 30 05.05 0.39 0\4 117.06 0.30 104 140.03 0.36
155 37.63 0.41 os 62.20 0.42 35 00,25 0.40 45 117.47 0.39 109 140.30 0.38
164 36.05 0.42 901 02.69 0.40 34 00.04 0.30 40 117.05 0.38 100 140.77 0,39
163 3B.• 7 0.42 93 63.10 0.41 33 87.o-r 0,40 47 116.24 0.30 107 141.15 0.38
152 36.89 0.42 02 03.50 0.40 32 87.43 0.39 48 110.02 0.38 100 141.63 0.38
151 39.31 0,42 91 6391 0.41 3' 87.03 0.40 49 110.01 0.39 100 141.91 0.38
160 39.72 0.41 90 04.30 0.39 30 00.22 0.39 50 110.40 0.30 11,0 1422B 0.36
140 40.14 0.42 00 04.70 0.40 29 00.02 0.40 61 110.78 0.38 111 142.66 0.37
140 40.56 0.42 B8 GS.II 0,41 20 B9.01 0.39 52 120.16 0.30 112 '43.04 0.38
1~7 40.97 0.41 07 65.51 0.'0 27 69.40 0.39 53 120.55 0.39 113 143.42 Q,JB
140 41.39 0.42 86 05.91 0.40 20 60.80 0.40 54 120.03 0.36 II, ".3.00 0.38
145 41.110 0.41 05 66.3' 0.40 25 00.19 0.30 SS 121.32 0.39 116 IM.16 0.36
144 42.22 0.42 64 66.72 0.41 2' 90.59 0.40 56 121.70 0.36 110 144.so 0.38
143 42.(14 0,42 03 67.12 0.40 23 90.96 0.39 57 122.09 0.39 117 1"".94 0.36
142 43.05 0041 62 67.52 0.40 22 9'.37 0.39 58 122.47 0.36 118 145.32 0.36
141 43.411 0.41 61 67.02 0.40 21 91.77 0.40 59 122.86 0.39 119 \45.69 0.37
Nolo: At IOO·C.rosls'anco b 138.50 oruns. lOIN 4:1760)
Z·252
231
Calibration
RTD Temperature
vs. Resistance Table
1 Celsius Increments
For European Curve, Alpha = .00385,ITS-go
0
-
125 147.95 0.37 185 170.33 0.37 245 256.01 0.34
aOO 214.19 0.36 .366 235.30 0.35. 426
148.33 0.38 170.69 0.36 246 192.66 0.38
126 .1~ ·307 214.55 0.35 ·367 235.65 0.35 427 256.35 0.34
187 171.06 0.37 247. 193.02 0.36
127 146.71 0.38 236.00 0.35 ·428· 256.70 0.35
246 193.38 0.36 ,306. 214.90 0.35 .·.368
128· 149.08 0.37 .1118 171.43 0.37 429 257.04 0.34
193.74 0.36 .. 215.26 0.36 .)69 236.35 0.35
0129 149.46 0.38 189 171.80 0.37 249
310 215.61 0.35 370 236.70 0.35 4sq 257.38 0.34
130 149.83 0.37 190 172.17 0.37 250 194.10 0.36
0.35 . 431 257.72 0.34
194.47 0.S7 311 215.97 0.36 371 237.05
150.21 0.36 191 172.54 0.37 '.251
131
0.37 '192 172.91 0.37 252 194.83 0.36 ·312 216.32 0.35 -ii2 237.40 0.35 ·432 258.06 0.34
132 150.58
150.96 0.38 193 173.27 0.36 253 195.19 0.36 313 216.68 0.36 373 237.75 0.35 "433 258.40 0.34
133 0.35 '314' 238.09 0.34 434 258.74 0.34
.194 173.64 0.37 254 195.55 0.36 314 217.03
134 151.34 0.38 238.44 0.35 435 259.08 0.34
2S5 195.90 0.35 315 217.39 0.36 375
135 151.71 0.37 195 174.01 0.37 259.42 0.34
255 196.28 0.36 316 217.73 0.34 :~6 238.79 0.35 435.
136 152.09 0.38 195 174.39 0.38 0.34
0.36 .257 196.62 0.36 .317 218.OS 0.35 ·377 239.14 0.35 ·437 259.76
137 152.46 0.37 197 174.75 260.10 0.34' .
·258 196.98 0.36 '318 218.44 0.38 . 37S· 239.48 0.34 436
·136 152.84 0.38 '.199 175.12 0.37 ;439·
319 218.79 0.35 1:379" 239.83 0.35 260.44 0.34
139 153.21 0.37 ,199 175.49
.·200
0.37
0.37
;~~.. 197.35
197.71
0.37
0.S8 ;320 219.15 0.36 ,390 240.18 0.35 "440 260.78 0.34
140 153.58 0.37 175.85 261.12 0.34
'201 176.23 0.37 261·: ·198.07 0.36 ·'321' 219.50 0.35 381 240.52 0.34 ·441
O&l
141 153.95
154.32'
0.37
0.37 202 176.59 0.36 .262· 198.43 0.36 '322 219.85 0.35 :.382 240.87 0.35 ~ 261.46
142
0.37 '.263: 198.79 0.36 '.323· 220.21 0.38 ·'383 241.22 0.35 ,"443 261.80 o~
·i43 154.71 0.39 203 176.96
·324. 220.56 0.35 :'384·. 241.56 0.34 444' 262.14 0.34
144. 155.08 0.37 204 177.33 0.37 '·:264 199.15 0.36
'325 220.91 0.35 0·385 241.91 0.35 '.445 262.48 0.34
155.46· 0.36 '·205 In.70 0.37 '"285 199.51 0.36
'446
145
206 178.06 0.36 ::266: 199.87 0.36 ;326 221.27 0.36 '386 242.25 0.34 262.63 0.:J5..
146
147
155.63 0.37
0.38 ir:n 178.43 0.37 .,.257.; 200.23 0.36 .:3'4. 221.62 0.35 '387 242.60 0.35 .0441. 263.17 0·31:
156.21
'206 176.80 0.37 '.268. 200.59 0.36 :.328,. 221.97 0.35 ·'-308'· 242.95 0.35 ·.!I48. 283.50 0.33
148 156.58 0.37 0'389 243.29 0.34 "+19 263.64 0.34
179.16 0.36 ·,:269 200.95 0.36 ·329.- 222.32 0.35
;49
..150
151
156.96
157.33
157.71
0.38
0.37
0.36
'209
210 179.53
211 179.90
0.37
0.37
·:·:270
~~271
201.31
201.67
0.36
0.36
::;: azasa
.-,'332:
223.03
223.38
0.38
0.35
0.35
':390'
~.391:'
::392
243064
243.98
244.33
0.35
0.34
0.35
.~50'
·45·"
452
2&1.18
264.52
264.80
0.34
0.34
0.34
212 18!J.26 0.36 "272' 202.03 0.36
152 15a.oS 0.37 . ':;33.: 223.73 0.35 ·:·300 244.67 0.34 453 265.20 0.34 .i·
--i53 158.45 0.37 ·'213 180.63 0.37 '·i!73· 202.36 0.35
0.36 ·.·334 224.09 0.36 ,~. 245.02 0.35 :~iS;f; 465.54 . 0.34
.~:'
180.99 0.36 '0274· 202.74
'154 '214
155
,l·M
158.83
159.20
159.56
0.36
0.37
0.36
·"215 181.36
;i16 181.73
0.37
0.37
·'275
:"216,
.'.
20310
203.46
0.36 ·'335'
0.36
224.45
224.60
225.15
0.36
0.35
0.35
···385-
f386
\311!'
245.36
245.71
246.05
0.34
0.35
0.34
,~
':455 265.67
266.21
: 457. 266.55
0.33
0.34
0:34
·'·2i"7 182.09 0.36 ·:277':· 203.62 0.36
·151
.i58
159.94
160.31
0.38
0.37 ·0218 182.46 0.37 ;.~: 204.18 0.36 225.50 0.35 ;j9( 246.40 0.35 ;·458' 266.89
~:4s9', 267.22
ri.34
0.33
i59
160
180.68
161.05
0.37
0.37
219 182.62
2~O 183.19
0.36
0.37 ;2800.
204.54
204.90
0.36 .:3:39'
0.36 '340'
22S.SS
226.21
0.35
0.36
"399
''#
246.74
247.09
0.34
0.35 .~:; 267.!i6 0.34
0.35 :34F 226.56 0.35 ·40F 247.43 0.34 :'~61,. 267.90 0.34
0.38 ··221 183.55 0.36 ;jJij: 205.25
i61
'162
161.43
161.80 0.37 7~ 183.92 0.37 ,·282
····283.
205.61 0.36 342
,,34:1'"
226.91 0.35 J~'-
,403'·
247.78
248.12
0.35
0.34
:462, 268.24
·'463 268.57
0.34
0.33
'm,
0:36 205.97 0.36 227.26 0.35
'223 184.2Il
'163
164
162.17
162.54
0.37
0.37 22.( 184.65 0.37 '2&\ 206.33 0.36 34<l. 227.61 0.35 246.46 0.34 ':1~, 268.91
··465· 269.25
0.34
0.34
0.35
.1.65 162.91 0.37 ' 225 185.01 0.36 ·'285. 206.70 0.37 345.: 227.96 0.35 248.81
0.34 ·.-'406· 269.58 0.33
166 163.28 0.37 '226· 185.38 0.37 . '2eii' 207.05 0.35 ·S'is 226.31 0.35 ;;106: 249.15
·;~si; 269.92 0.34
249.50 0.35
IIi! 163.66 0.38 ;2;;? .185.74 0.36 207.41 0.36 <'34.r;; 228.66 0.35 ,'407
':'~~,207.71 '·408 0·:468'- 270.26 Q.34
.~~:
0.36 :'348 229.01 0.35 249.84 0.34
·228 186.fl 0.37
:46"9
;~:
'166 164.03 0.37 ".jO!{ 0.34 270.59 0.33
169 164.40 0.37 ·229 166.47 0.38 208.13 0.36
~'.~' 229.36 0.35
~;'tl0
250.18
250.53 0.35 ·470' 27Q.93 0.34
:~~:
229.72 0.34
170· 164.77 0.37 ';2:lO: 186.84 0.37 '208.48 0.35
0.35 ··411 250.69 0.34 271.27 0.34
:o:~
;295; 210.27 0.36 ' 365· 231.47 0.35 .·415 252.24 0.34
fii; 165.62 0.37 235 188.55 0.36
···416 252.59 0.35 272.95 0.34
··236 189.02 0.37 296 210.62 0.35 '356. 231.81 0.36
176 167.00 .0.38 ·351 41·7 252.94 0.35 273.28 0.33
·'29j· 210.98 0.36 232.16 0.35
rTf 167.37 0.37 237 189.38 0.36
.·.298·· 211.34 0.36
0358 232.51 0.35 ::418 253.28 0.34 ·476 273.62 0.34
0.37 236 189.74 0.36
479
178
'ii9
167.74
168.11 0.37 239 190.11 0.37 0299. 211.69 0.35 .3?9 232.66 0.36 ::41~ 253.62 0.34 273.95 0.33·
lOIN 43 760)
Nota. Ar 100°C, reslsteree Is 138.50 ohms.
Z-2S3
RTD Temperature
vs. Resistance Table
.
For European Curve, Alpha = .00385,ITS-gO 1· Celsius Increments
·c 01.... ow. ·c Oh .... Dill. -c orun. Dill. ·c Ohms 0111. 'C Ohm> DIll. "C Ohms DIIt.
1-400 274.29 0.34 +542 294.87 0,33 .004 315.00 0.32 +61;8 331,68 0.32 +728 353.91 0.30 +790 372.710.30
401 274,t;:!
0,33 543 295.20 0.33 005 316.32 0,32 667 334.09 0.31 729 354.22 0.31 791 373.G10.30
402 27~,OO 0.34 044 295,63 0,33 000 316.64 0.32 668 335,31 0,32 730 354.53 0.31 792 373.310.30
403 275.20 0.33 04~ 205,65 0,32 007 315.06 0,32 GQ9 335,62 0.31 731 354.63 0.30 793 373.610.30
484 276.63 0.34 G40 200.18 0.33 000 316.28 0.32 070 335.93 0.31 732 355.14 0.31 794 373.910.3D
485 275.00 0.33 641 200.51 0.33 GOO 310.00 0.32 671 33025 0.32 733 355.44 0.30 195 374.21 0.30
4SO 270.31 0,34 640 290.84 0.33 010 31M2 0,32 072 33O,G(l 0.31 ?34 355.75 0.31 796 374.51 o.aa
407 276.0.10,33 649 201.18 0.32 011 317.24 0.32 073 330.07 0,31 735 356.06 0,31 797 374.80 0.29·
400 270.07 0.33 ~50 267.40 0,33 012 317,6(1 0.32 074 337,18 0,31 738 356.37 0.31 7!lO 374.10 0.30
400 2n,31 0.34 551 207.82 0,33 013 317,00 0.32 676 337.60 0.32 737 356.68 0.31 799 375.40 0.30
400 ~n.64 0,33 Ci52 200,14 0,32 014 310,20 0.32 670 337.01 0.31 738 350,98 0.30 eoo 375.70 030
491 2n.OO 0.34 653 208.47 0.33 016 3'8.52 0.32 on 330.12 0,31 739 357,29 0.31 801 376.00 0.30
492 276.31 0,33 634 208.eo 0.33 DID 31M!; 0,33 G7a 330.43 0.31 740 357,59 0.30 802 376.29 0.29
493 278,64 0.33 65!i 290.12 0.32 817 310.17 0.32 070 330,76 0.32 741 357,00 0.31 603 378,59 0.30
404 271I.SO 0.34 650 200.4~ 0.33 010 319.49 0.32 Gao 339.00 0,31 742 358.20 0.30 804 376.09 O.W
409 270.31 0,33 657 =.70 0.33 OlD 319.61 0.32 DOl 339.37 0.31 743 358.61 0.31 1!05 3n.IO 0.30
~OO 270.1>1 0,33 056 300.10 0.32 o:!O 320.12 0,31 0D2 339,GO 0.31 7014 350.01 0.30 BOO 3n.49 0,30
407 270,00 0,3" 6$0 300,43 0.33 621 320,~4 0.32 D03 330,90 0.31 748 359,12 0.31 B07 m.70 0.30
400 200.31 0,33 fiOO 300.75 0.32 022 320.70 0.32 0D4 340,30 0,31 740 350,42 0.30 IlOO 370.09 0,30
400 2BO.64 0,33 501 301M 0.33 023 321.00 0.32 00!i 340,G2 0.32 747 359.72 0.30 8C9 378.39 0.30
000 280.80 0.34 662 301.41 0.33 G2iI 321.~O 0.32 DOD 340.94 0.32 740 300,03 0.31 610 370,08 0.29
501 281,31 0.33 G03 301.73 0.32 625 321.72 0.32 Ba7 341.25 0.31 749 3GO.33 0.30 811 378,98 0,30
002 261.04 0.33 664 302.06 0.33 626 322.03 0.31 6118 341.55 0,30 760 300.04 0.31 812 379.28 0.30
503 201.07 0.33 565 302.38 0.32 627 322.34 0.31 609 341.87 0,32 751 360,04 0.30 613 370,57 0.20
0D4 202.31 0,34 GOD 302.71 0.33 628 322.68 0.32 699 342.18 0,31 752 301.24 0.30 814 379.87 0.30
OO~ 202,64 0,33 507 393.03 0,32 829 322,98 0.32 691 342.49 0.31 753 361,55 0.31 815 380.17 0.30
GOO 262.07 0.33 6GQ 303.36 0.33 830 323.30 0.32 692 342.00 0.31 754 361,85 0.30 816 :180.48 0.29
607 203.30 0.33 6G9 303.68 0.32 631 323.61 0.31 893 343.11 0.31 755 362.15 0.30 817 380,76 0.30
600 203.83 0.33 570 304.01 0.33 632 323.93 0.32 694 343.42 0.31 756 362.48 0.31 618 331.05 0.29
609 2D3.97 0,34 671 304.33 0.32 633 324.25 Q.32 695 343.73 0.31 1ST 362.76 0.30 819 381.35 0.30
610 21l4.30 0,33 572 304.66 0.33 G34 324.57 0.32 696· 344.04 0.31 758 363.flIi 0.30 1l2o 381.65 0.30
611 21101.630,33 573 304.98 0.32 ..835 324.88 0.31 ~ 344.35 0.31 7SS 363.36 0.30 621 381.94 0.29
512 204.00 0,33 574 305.30 0.32 . 636 325.21 0.33 698 344,66 0.31 7t1l 363.67 0.31 822 382.24 0.30
013 205.29 0.33 575 305.63 0.33 037 325.53 0.32 699 344.97 0.31 761' 363.97 0.30 823 382,53 0.29
514 2OS.li2 0.33 578 305.95 0.32 '836 325.85 0.32 700 345.28 0.31 782 364.27 0.30 824 332.63 0.30
616 20$.05 0.33 srr, 3J6.29 0.33 839 326.18 0.31 701 345.59 0.31 763 364.57 0.30 B25 363.12 0.29
610 290,30 0.35 578 :D6.60 0.32 '640 326.48 0.32 702 3-15.90 0.31 784 364.88 0.31 e2s 383.42 0.30
517 286.63 0.33 1;79 300.92 0.32 841. 326.79 0,31 703 346.21 0.31 765 365,18 uso B27 383.71 ().29
518 200.00 0,33 580. 307.25 0.33' 842 327,11 0.32 704 346.S2 0,31 766 365,49 0.31 e2e 384.01 0.""
519 207.20 0,33 5~1 307.57 0,32 843 327,43 0.32 705 346,03 0.31 767 365,79 0.30 829 384.30 0.29
520 207.62 0,33 582 307.89 0.32 844 327.74 0.31 708 340,16 0.32 700 300.09 0,30 830 :184.60 0.30
521 207.05 0.33 ~ 308.22 0.33 645 328.00 0.32 707 347.~0 0,31 789 368.40 0.31 031 384.89 0.29
822 206.28 0.33 584 308.54 0.32 840 329.30 0.32 700 347.70 0.30 no 3GO.70 0.30 832 :185.18 0.29
523 208.61 0.33 5B5 3OB.BB 0.32 847 329.89 0.31 700 340,07 0.31 n1 307,00 0.30 833 385.46 0.30
624 208.94 0,33 588 309.10 0.33 &18 329.01 0.32 710 348.38 0.31 rn 307.30 0.30 B34 385.n 0.29
625 209.27 0.33 567 309.61 0.32 849 320.32 0.31 711 3'.8.69 0,31 173 307.60 0,30 835 380.07 0.30
626 269.00 0,33 588 309.63 0.32 GOO 320,04 0.32 712 340,00 0,31 n4 387.00 0.30 D30 306,37 0.30
627 2lI!l,03 0,33 589 310,16 0,32 651 320.06 0,31 713 349.31 0,31 n5 300.20 0.30 037 300,00 0,29
626 290.26 0.33 500 310,48 0.33 652 330,27 0.32 714 g,fg,OI 0.30 no 300.60 0,30 D3D 306.08 0,30
620 200.59 0,33 591 310.00 0.32 853 330.£8 0,31 715 340,02 0.31 m 308.01 0.31 838 387.25 0.29
530 200,92 0,33 692 311.12 0.32 654 330.00 0.32 716 350.23 0.31 no 389,11 0.30 S40 307.55 0.""
631 291.25 0.33 593 311.45 0.33 655 331.21 0.31 717 350.54 0.31 n9 369,41 0.30 641 387.64 Q.29
532 291.56 0,33 ~04 311.78 0.33 656 331.53 0.32 718 $0,85 0,31 780 369.71 0,30 042 388.13 0.29
533 201.00 0,32 595 312.10 0.32 657 331.84 0.31 719 351.15 0.30 781 370.01 0,30 843 338.42 0.29
534 202.23 0,33 500 312,43 0,33 658 332,18 0,32 720 351.40 0,31 782 370.31 0.30 044 360.72 0.30
535 202."56 0.33 697 312,75 0.32 659 332.47 0,31 721 351.n 0.31 783 370,61 0.30 045 38Ml 0.29
536 202.00 0.34 698 313.07 0.32 660 332.79 0.32 722 352.07 0,30 784 370.91 0.30 648 380.31 0,30
537 203ZJ 0.33 599 313.39 0.32 681 333.10 0,31 723 352.38 0,31 785 371.21 0."" 847 38o.el 0,30
630 293.56 0,33 eoo 313.71 0.32 6B2 333.41 0.31 724 352.69 0.31 766 311.52 0.31 B4D 389.90 0.29
639 293.09 0,33 601 314.D4 0,33 B63 333.73 0.32 725 352.99 0.30 787 311.92 0.30 849 390.19 0.29
840 294.21 0.32 602 314.30 0.32 664 334,84 0.31 126 353.30 0.31 78B 372.12 0.30 Ii50 390.46 0.29
841 294.64 0,33 eo:! 314.68 0.32 66S 334.36 0.32 727 353.6\ 0.31 789 372.41 0.29
Nolo: At tOOC./oSlslance Is 138.50 ohms. Z-254 (DIN43 760)
RTD Temperature
vs. Resistance Table
1° Celsius Increments
For American Curve, Alpha = .00392
-c 0hntS ·c ·Ohms ·c ot'wH 'c Ohms ·c Ohms ·C Ohms -c Ohms 'C Ohms 'C Ohms
-100 .59.57 -38 BUD 24 109.51 sa 133.75 1018 157.53' 210 180.86 212. 203.14 334 226.17 396
248.16
'-99
59.S8 $ 85.20 25 109.90 81 134.14 149 157.91 211 181.23 273 204.11 '335 226.53 397
24851
60.39 "36 85.80 ':!6 110.30 '88 134.52 150 158.29 212 181.111 274" 226.89 39B' 248.86
21)4.47 .. 3:36
.-96
60.80 -35 86.01 27 110.69 89 134.91 151 158.61 '213 181.98 215 204.84 331 227.25·398 249.21
·97
61.21 -34 86.41 2B 111.09 :90 135.30· 152 159.OS 21~ 182.35 276· 205.20 338 227.61 400 24956
-96
.-95 61.63 -. :!!, 85J!1 ,29 111.48 91· 136.68 . 153 159.43 .215 182.72 277: 21l5.57 339 227,96 401 249.91
.g.j
62.04 ~ 87.21 30 111.88 '92 136.07' 154 159.81 216 198.09 278 2<lS.93 340 22!1.32 402 2SO.26
62.45'-31 87.61 31 112.27' 93 136.46 155 160.19' 217 198.47 279 206.30' 341 228.68 403 250.61
·93 62.86 -30 saOI 32 112.66 94 136.84 156 180.57 218 198.84 280 2lI6.66 342' 229.04 404 250.96
-92
63.27 ~ 88.42 '33 113.06 95 137.23 157' 160.95 i!19 184.21 281 2<17.02' 343' 229.39 405 251.31
-91
63.65 .28 88.82 34 113AS 96' 137.62 ;SS' 161.33 220 184.58 282 2<17.39 344 229.75 406 251.66
-so 64.09 -'B 89.22 35 113.84 97 138.00 159 161.70' 221 184.95 283 207.75' 34S 230.11 4Q7 252.01
,-89
185.32 :i84
-sa 64.SO
64.91 .25
:26 89.62 36
90.02 '37
114.24
114.63
98 138.39 .,160 152.06
. 99" 138.71 '161 .162.48
222
'223 186.70 285
2lJ8.12 346 230.46 408 252.36
208.48 347 ZlO.82 409 252.71"
-37 65.32 ',24. 90A2 38 115.02 100. 139.16 162 162.84 224 186.07 288 2Il8.85 3M! 231.18 410 253.06'
-86
-35.
65.73 ,23 90.82' 33 115.42 10i 139.55' 163 163.22 225 188.44 2Irt 209.21 3:'19 231.53. 411 259.41
'-3; 66.14 .• 22
66.55 .21.
91.22 ····40
91.62 "41'
115.81
116.20
102 139.93 '164 16!l.60
103 140.32: 165 163.97
226
227
185.81 '2S8
187.18 21\9
209.57.350 231.89 .412 253.76~
209.94 '351. 232.25.413. 254.11 ",
-83 66.96 -20 92.02 '42 115.59 104 140.70 'loil) 164.35 ~ 187.55 290 210.30 .352' 232.60' 414 254.46';'
-68
71.85
72.26
::.-<1 96.81 :'54.'
".-7 97.21: 55'
72.66 ''--6, g7.61 .56"
121.30
121.89
122116
.115
'''7·
145.31
145.70.;.179:
'118 146.08 :ISO:' lse.83 '~. 19273
214.55' 364 238.87.428
169.25 '24L 192.36 303' 215.01 :.365,231.22
'30539'\~
'427'
366 237.58.428
212155.3.7~
2S8.63
2sa.$8
259.33.
~ 73.07 .;:.5.,98.01 ';57.,: 122.47 ",9. 146.47 :'·i8(. 170.00 .C2q 193.09 '·.,,3fi!' 237.93 .'429. 25S,61'
~:
.~.
-68 73.48'::4' 98.41 '.':58. 122.86 :120::,146.85 '.182' 170.38 ';244' 193.46 3il6. 216.10.~. ~~~~ '~.I. 260·02
73.68 ~~. 98.81 .~59 123.25 121' 147.23 "183. 170.76 :'245 193.83 307 216.45 - ~~ ~ 260.37
..65. 74.29 .,.~' 99.20' 60. 123.64 122 147,61' 184 171.13 ;'2460 ::::~. 216.82' 37Q 236.99 :'43:!' ~.7J'
:~:!!~~~~..3;~,
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194Jl4
1115.31. 311. ~~~ ';.:~~;:: ~~
217.18 .371.
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239.35 .~. :::~
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.~
7632 .. S. 101.19 'S!!' 125.59 -,IP, 149.53 "1.89. 173.01 '~51.'· =~
218.63 '.:375' 2'!O.76 ::437. 262.45
2;-255
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Thermocouple
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE flANGE
Thermocoople Grme Grade Revised Thermocouple
3210 1382"1'
O1075O"C Reference Tables .
Extension Grade
3210392"F
~O1<>2OO"C
UIIlTS OF ERROR
Iron
(whlthe_1s !l<eali,) VS,
Standatd: 2.2"C or a.7S~
~peclal: 1.1·C«O.4%
COMMENTS, BARE WIRE ENVIRONMENT: .
copper-~NiCkel ~
Reducing. Vacuum. Inert Umi'led' Use In
O"kii2:ing at H'9h Tempefatures;
Not Recommanded fOI Low TemperatUl"es
TEMPERATURE IN OeGREES 'F ExtensIon
REFERENCE JUNCTION AT 32'F Grade
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TYPE
Referenco
Nlckel-Chromium
VS.
LIMITS OF ERROR
(whlchovef is grealer)
Slondard: 2.2"'C or 0.75% Above o-c
0'
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Tablos Nickel-Aluminum 2.2"C 2.0% Below O"C
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COMMENTS,BARE WJAEENV1RONMENT:
N.I.S.T.
Monograph 176 ~~(Jc:~·~~I~~Su~~~~~~~~eu,:~~
Rango; Most Popular Calibration
RevIsed to exton.IDn TEhlPl!nATURE IN DEGREES"F
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ThetmOCoupie
Grad. ,RevisedThermocouple
ReferenceTables
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2150 .7.983 41.OOJGlAn4 4U44 4U6S 4lGSS n.w 41.18 41S.t4SU,1f7 ... ,,7 mo 5U5I SU1S
2150 'I.ta7 "1.201 .elm "U4I .1269 41Z&;'(UUI 4&.330.... 350 .... 371 (!lSI 2160
2nD .Utl "1.411 41.432 '48AS2.."'13 4:lU3 "Btl 41.514 <C5.1S4 .ur. 4&.sIS zrJO
2iIXI St.&f
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2180 4UiS 4UIS 41.535 '8.1$6 .t,Ii1. 41.696WJ1 oIi.1374.757 41.m 46.791 2110
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:
23Il ft.OOI GMI 6.0U
2ZIQ 4!.ZfQ om 4UU
.. .GIl .,.QJI.ft.M11 ft.t2l ~i.1t2 .9.M2 4162 4t.202 22*J
C9.2C34UIl e.303 ..es:m 6..l-W ~ <tI.~4 2210
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i
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223D 49.iO$ -is.Q5 -4UolS ftM6 ft.CIG ftM 612Ii .ot9.746ti..ni 49.7. 49_ mt
22.n "'_
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3 • 5 i 1 • , 11 '"f " 10 .,
j
J
i
I
;.
I
I
Z-220
Refer to the ISA Handbook of Measurement Equations and Tables f~r more
conversion factors than you will ever need.
psi = in. of H20 x (0.0361273)
psi = in, of Hg x' (0.491154)
psi = mm of H20 x (0.00142233)
psi = mm of Hg x (0.0193368) I
I
psi = kg/cm2 x (14.223)
psi= bar x (14.50377) ,
I
j
= millitorrx
psi (1.93368 x ,10-5)
I
,-.0
245
246 Conversion Tables
c--;:p -,----
From
-u;e
-4GD
10·C
-272.22
,. ." F,om
-Me
10'C
·180,09
·107.70
'oop
·I~.'
·2.0.2
Film,
.I!11l
·150
to"C
-res.sa
·104...4
To Convert 1000·F 10 DC,lookup 1000 and rood righl
.. "I'
-+17.6
+21.2
From
....
-0
'o'C
·U,22
·21.\1
.. OF
287.6
291.2
F.om
142
,.4
te-e
61-1 t
G=
·271.11 -000
.. 94 ·27000 ·,04 ·'0e.G7 ·2.5.2 ·1114 ·103.33 ..24.8 -4 -20,00
.,11.01) 2tH.8 1<0 G:llJ
-4,. '.<1.6 ·152 ·102.22 +28.4 2!lO.4 1<0 &4.44
..
.200 C~ .:J02 "05,00
..j'D ·207.70 .:JDO ·184.",( ·.30.0 ·150 '101.11 +-32.0 0 ·17.78 302.0 160 BS.5G
.., '200.07 ·.90 ·183.33 ·23.. ·14. '100.00 ill.6 2 ·'6.07 3OS.0 152 60.67
-4'0
-4'4
"O~,DO
·2G4.·111
·200
·.D.
·20.
"02.,
·101.1'
,'00.00
,,30.2
'227.2
·223.0
·14.
·144
·142
·00.90
-07.78
·00.67
+30.2
"'2.0
...
OA
•
0
0
"0.66
·1.,44
·13.33
3O!l2
3'2.8
310.4
164
lG.
150
07_76
00.69
70.00
"'.2 ·203,"
""0 ·2.222 ·200 ·170.00 ·220.0 ·140 '00.50 +50.0 10 "2.22 3~O.O 180 11.11
..(01
..(08
-4:)4
..(O~
..(00
·2Ot 11
-200 00
-2SO~0
-2!l.78
·2SO.07
·2M
·288
·.14
·212
·~IO
·m.7.
,'70.07
-11a.GO
·174,.. 4
·17:1,33
·2115."
·2'2.0
.2(1).2
·205.8
.202.0
·1:10
-130
·'34
·132
·130
'04,"4
-03.33
·02.22
·01.11
·00.00
053.0
+31.2
+60.0
+04.4
+<18.0
12
1.
10
'8
20
·11.11
,,0.00
·0.e 0
·7.70
-6.07
323.0
327.2
330.0
334,'
=0
..
102
,
104
"8
170
72_22
7333
7·.... "
7$_!.G
16.07
-42B ·215.15D ·270 ·172.22 ·1DS.4 ·12' -OU!! +71.G 22 ·5.SO 341.5 172 77.10
..no ·87.70 .78.2 24 .... 44 34,.2 17' 78.89
..
·21l-'-" ·270 -171.'1 -'04.2 ·12B
-424 ·253.33 ·274 -191.'2 -'24 ... .67 .78.8 28 .:J.J3 348JI 178 00.00
-422 -252.22 ·467.6 ·272
·'70.00
,'88.09 -187.6 ·'22 -05.50
-&4./14
~
_.0
26
30
·2.22
-1.11
352.4
35M
178
110
81.11
82..22
-420 ·251.11 ·45<.0 -27D -'87.78 ·'8>1.0 ·120
""0
-4'0
·25D.00
-240.09 ..,,,0.8
"'50.4 ·200
-266
-108.87
·'05.66
-'BO.'
·176.8
·118
-118
-83.33
-82.22
.aO.O
+93.2
32
3.
0.00
1.11
359.8
363.2
'.2
184
83.33
84.44
-414 -247.70
-246.87
~43.2
-439.6
·264
..2.62 ·'64.~'
-16J.3J
·'73.2
-'69.6
-114
·112
-0'.11
-80.00
+96.8
..100.4
38
38
2.22
3.33
366.8
310.4
118
188
85.~
80.87
..
"'2
-110 -2'S.56 -436.0 -250 -'-161.11
62.22 ·165.0 ·110 -78.89 +104.0 .0 4.44 374.0
377.6
190
. 192
87.78
·86
-94
·73.33
·72.22
·71.11
-70.00
122.0
125.6
129.2
13Z-S
59
52
54
58
'0.00
".It
'2.22
13.a~
~~
399.2
392.0
402.8
200
202
2.4
2.,
93.33
94.4"
95.56
96.61
·236.67
.:J12 '235.50 "03.6 ·242 "52.22 -133.6 -92 ·68.69 136.4 58 14.4' 408.4 206 97.78
-310 -400.0 ·240 -151.11 -'30.0 -90 ·87.78 '40.0 '0 15.56 410.0 210 98.89
..
·234."4
.:J5D
·380
-314
-382
·233.33
·232.22
·231.11
·230.00
-396.4
-JIIUI
-389.2
-385.6
-382.0
·236
-238
·234
·232
-230
·'50.00
-148.89
-147.78
-148-67
·145.56
.,22.2
-1245,4
-119.2
-115.6
·112.0
...
-08
-86
-02
-80
·66.87
-65.so
-04_44
-03.33
-62.22
'43.6
147.2
,50.8
154."
,58.0
62
14
68
70
'6.87
17.78
18.89
2O.DO
21.11
413.0
417.2
420.8
42-4.4
_0
212
214
21.
218
220
100.00
lQI.11
'02.22
,03.33
104.""
.:J80 ·22o.e9
-378 ·227.78 -370.' ·226 -144..... -108.4 ·78 ·61.1' 181.6 72 22.22 431.6 222 105.66
-370 ·220.07 -374.0 ·226 ·,..'3.33 -'04.8 ·16 ·80.00 165.2 14 23.33 "352 22. 100.07
-374 ·226.50 -371.2 ·22. "'2.22 -101.2 .7< ·58.00 '88.8 78 24.... 438.8 22. 107.7.
.:J72 -224."" -307.0 ·222 -1~I,U -07.8 ·72 ·57.78 172-4 78 2UO 442.4 22' 10~.OO
.:J70 ·2.23.33 -304.0 ·220 ·,"0.00 ·0'.0 ·70 ·G0.07 176.0 00 20.67 440.0 230 110.00
-308
.3UO
·222••2
·221.11
-3(i0.4
~SG.O
'2'.
·211
·'36.00
,'37.70
·00.'
-00.8
..,.-G. ·G5.50
-04.'4
'79.0
'032
82
84
27.70
20.88
'40.0
453,2
232
234
111.11
112.22
-304 '220.00 -asaz ·214 ·130.07 -03.2 -G. ·03.33 '80.8 08 30.00 460.0 230 113.33
.:J02 ·2,0.00 ~o .• ·212 ,'35.60 ·70.8 -Il2 ·62.22 10D.4 80 31.11 '00.4 230 114.404
.:JGO -.'1.78 ~O.O ·210 ·134."" ·70.0 -IlO ·51.11 104.0 110 32.22 4601.0 240 115.56
·358 '210 .• 7 -342.. ·2111 .133.33 -7M ·58 ·50.00 107.8 82 33.33 467.0 242 116.67
.:JOO
·3:1<1
'2'6.50
·2'4.44
-330.8
·3JS-Z
·208
--204
"32.22
·131.11
-e3.1l
~.2
·01.6
•••
.~ "8$
.. 7.7.
.. O.ll7
20'.2
204.8
20D.4
94
89
a8
3.....
35.IiG
39.07
471.2
474.8
478.4
244
240
117.70
118.89
.:J52 -2'3.33 ·331.6 -202 ,'30.00 ·52 2'0 '20.00
.:JSO --2'2.22 -32G.O ·200 "20.89 ·Ga.O ·5f -4S.66 2'2.0 100 37.70 -W.O 2S6 121.11
-3·1.
·3"0
'211.11
'2'0.00
-324,11
-320.0
-109
·190
·'27.1.
·,20.07 '~."
·66.0
-4.
-40
--1".44
...3.33
2'6.0
2102
102
104
38.ao
40.00
'85.6
'09.2
262
254
122.22
123.33
-3~4 ·200.80 ·3'1.2 ·104 -'26.60 "'7.2 -4' "'2.22 222.8 to. ".11 492.0 ",0 '24.44
-342 ·207.78 -3J3.0 ·182 -124.4~ -43.0 -4. ...,1.11 228.4 100 42.22 400.4 258 125.58
-340 ·200.07 oJ1D.Q ·100 -123.33 "0.0 ..,0 ...0.00 230.0 110 43.33 600.0 2.0 120.61
·338 -205,5<; .3011.' ·1118 -122.22 -38.4 ·38 -38.89 233.a 112 603.8 202 127.78
.:J30
.:J34
-332
·204•••
·203.33
·202.22
-302.8
·299.2
-295.&
·168
-184
-11ll
-121.11
,'20.00
-118.89
-32.8
''19.2
-25.6
.".
.:J4
-32
-37.7a
·36.67
-asss
237.2
2.0.2
24•. '
,,1
114
118
".4'
."50
40.07
47.78
507.2
6'0.8
5" .•
2M
"5
2'"
128.89
fSO.CO
'3\.11
·330 -201,11 -2920 ·180 ·117.78 -22.0 .:JO -34."4 248.0 120 48.s!) 518.0 270 132.22
-320 ·200.00 -289.4 -178 '118.07 -18.4 ·28 -33.33 251.6 122 50.00 52'.8 272 '33.33
.:J28 ·108.80 ·284.8 ·17& ·115.56 ·14.8 -26 "2.22 255.2 124 51.11 525.2 274 134.....
-ai.n
·32.
-322
-320
"07.78
-106.07
·'05.50
-281.2
-277.6
-274.0
-17.
·172
~-170
..1\4.of4
'113.33
-112.22
-11.2
-1.6
-4.0
....
·24
-2.
-30.00
·28.89
256.8
262.4
266.0
128
128
'3.
52.22
53.33
54.44
528.8
532.4
5:]8.0
278
278
280
135.56
136.67
137.78
-18 ·27.78 269.6 132 55.56 539.6 282 136,89
-310
·318
·'0 ••••
·103.33
-270.4
·266.8
·'66
·166
-111.11
-110.00
-0.'
-13.2 -18 -26.67 273.2 134 56.67 543.2 284 140.00
-314 ·'02.22 ·263.2 ·184 -,GO.89 -.6.8 ·1' -25.56 276.8 ,38 57.78 548.8 2•• 141."
·312
-310
·181.11 -259.8
-256.0
·162
-166
·107.78
106.67
...10.•
+1•. 0
-12
-1.
·2".44
-23..33
28tJ.'
284.0
131
140
58.89
GO.OO
SSM
... .0
288
m
'''2.22
'00.00 ' .. 3.33
..-:
tc 'f'
557.8
From
2.2 1414.44
to"
870.8
""'m
466 241.11 1832.0 1000
,_
'''"
537.78
543.33
339aO
3416.0
From
1810I_,..., to·C
1021.1
1026.7
to 'F
4964.0
4S82.0
From
2740
2150
to'C
1504.4
1510.0
,_
294 US.58 81<4.4 458 242.22 1850.0 10322 5000.0 27Bll 1515.6
561.2
564.8
558.•
296
290
146.67
147.78
878.0
881.&
470
472
243.33
244.44
1868.0
1886.0 1130
1040
548.89
554.44
560.00
3434.0
3452.D
3470,0 · 1910
'''' 1037.8
1043.3
5018.0
5036.0
2T7D
21110
1521.1
,526,7
300 'oIS.89 885.2 47' 245.56 1904.0
572.0 5054.0 %780 15322
246.67 1922.0 1050 56S.56 3489.0 104a.l1
57515 302 150.00 686.8 47S 571.11 35()6.0 1930 1054.4 5072.0 2801 1537.8
5792 304
~
16t.l1
152.22
892.4
896.0
471
481
247.18
248.89
Hl~.o
1958.0
1'"
,.70 576.67 3524.0 1940 1060.0 5090.0
5108.0
2411
28:20
1543.3
1548,9
Sll2.8 250,00 197ti.o 11180 582.22 3542.0 1950 1065.6
5I!6.4 3CI8 153.33 893.6 412 1960 1071.1 5126.0 2830 1554.4
251.11 1994.0 logO 587.78 3560.0
590.0 310 164.44 903.2 48' 2641) 15EO.0
1100 S93..33 3578.0 1910 1076.7 5144.0
.312 155.56 906.8 488 25222 20.12.0 5162.0 2!50 1565.6
59315 .253.33 2030.0 1111 5S8.89 3596,0 1980 1082.2
597.2 314 156.67 910.4 488 604.44 ~14.0 19'5lD 1087.8 5190.0 2860 1571.1
157.78 91• .0 490 254.44 2048.0 1120 2870 IS76.7
.600.8 31' 1130 610.00 3632.0 2000 1093.3 5198.0
31. 155.89 S17.6 492 255.56 2065.0 1098.9 5216.0 2660, 1582.2
604.4 114D 815.56 3650..0 2010
...
320 '60.00 921.2 494 256.&7 2084.0
608.0
su.e
6152
618.8
.22
324
826
161.11
162.22
163.33
924.8
928.4
932.0
4"
SOli
257.18
256.89
260.00
2102.0
2120.0
2138.0
1150 .
"'1&0
1170.
621.11 3568.0
626.67 3S86.o
632,22 3704.0
637.78 3722.0
2020:
2<130'
2040
2050
"04.4
"10.0
1156.6
1121.1
=0
5234.0
5270.0
5288.0
21M
2900
291D
2920
t597.8
1593.3
1598.9
1604,4
935.6 502.' 261.1t 2156.0 1160. 293(1' 1610.0
622.' 328 184.44
11911 643.33 3740.0 2050 1126.7 S306.O
.30 165.56 9392 S04 • 262.22 2174.0
628.D 2!l7D. 1132.2 5J2oUJ 2940 1615.6
33i , ... 61 942.8 500 263.33 2.192.0 . 1200 648.tIS 3758,0
2081) 1137.8 5342.0 "!!ISO 182,.t
6<9.6 264.44 2210.0 12f0 654.44 3776.0
633.2 334 167.78 940.4 501 660.00 3794.0 2000 1143.3 5360.0 2960 ,626,7
336 168.a9 950.0 510 265.56 2228.0 "1220 5:178.0 2970. 1632..2
636.8 268.67 2246.0 1230 66S.56 3812.0 2100 1148.9
840.' 338 170.00 953.6 51' 2110 '154.4 5lIS6.0 2!6D, 16372
611.11 3830.0
...
171.11 9572 514 ' 267.78 2284.0 .1240
544.0 340
51', 50414D :me 1843.3
.."
678.67 3848.0 · 2120 1160.0
172.22 9CSO.8 268.89 2262.0 1260 5432.0 3000 1648.9
847.6 342 126(1, 682.22 3886.0 2.1:30 1165.6
344 173.33 964.4 270.00 2300.0 1171.1 5450,0 3010 1654..4
651.2 271.11 23UI,Q 1270. 887.78 3U4.0 2140
854.8. 174.44 95:0.0 520 2150 117eo7 S488.O 3n20 1660.0
272.22 2336.0 12!O . 693.33 3902.0
.... 4 348
350 '
175.58
t76.67
971.6
9752
52.
524 273.33 2354.0 1210 . &98.89 :mil.0 216ti" ',82.2 54B6.O 3030 1665.6
662.0 S!i04.0 3040 1671.1
352' 528 274.44 2372.0 1300 .. 704.44 3938.0 · 2170', 1187.8
'3050 1676.7
665.6 177.78 978.8 710.00 3956.0 .2180 . 1t~..3 5522.0
17$.89 982,4 ·528 276.58 2390.0 . 1310 3060 1682.2'
669.2 .54 1320 715.58 3974.0 2190' '198.9 5540.0
27".~7 2408.0
572.8
616,4
680.0
356
358'
'!""
180.00
lSI. 1,
10222
986.0
989.6
9932
530
532
534
277.78.
273.89'
2426.0
2+14.0
.~~: 721.11 3992.0
72ti.tn 4010.0
22DO
221'
1204.4
1210.0
55Il8.Il
5516.0
3070
3Clao
·3090
1687..8
1693.3
1656.9
732.22 4028.0 1215.6 5594.0
683.6 362 183.33 996.8 536 280.00 2462.0 1350
737.78 4046.0 1221.1 5812.0 '3100~~ .1704.4.'
184.44 1000A 5'0 281.11 2490.0 1360. 3150' "732.2'
681.2 384 4064.0 1226.7 57112-0 _~ :1760.0
::=~;::::li1
358' 1004.0 · 640' 282.22 2496.0 1370 743.3.
-u::
690.8 18li.,56 lZl2.2 5'192.0
186.67 1007.6 '542· 283.33 2516.0 748.851 4002.0
694.4 , 366 1237.8 5S82.Al 3250 1187~
698.0 '370. 187.78 1011.2 ~.: 284.44 2534.0 15<t.44 4100.0
. : 7SS.58 4136.0
705.2
708.8
,~~f 190.00 1018.4
191,1t 1022.0 560
286.67
287.7B
293.33
2570.0
2568.0
26C6..(I :lgt 17Ul 4154.0
176.67 4172.0
1254.4
1260.0
8152.0
6242.0
3400' ,.1871.1
· 34S0', ,1898.9
, 712:4
716.0
· 371 .
'380
192.22 1040.0
193.33 1058.0
· 5&0:',
· ~~~: 298.89 2624.0 ,:,1,!:", , 182.22 4190.0 1265.8 6332.0 3500 -.: 192&.7
= .~:~.'., ~::~
1271.1 8422.0 " 35S0·' 1954.4
's'si'·
" 719,8
723.2
728.8
'~;
t~A' 1078.0 500
195.56 1094.0 .' 5SO,
196.&1 1112.0 ,600;,
304.44
310.00
315.5&
2642.0
2660.0
: 1450.•, 787.78
' 1.460· '. 793.33
4208.0
4226.0 1276.7
12822
1287.6
6512.0
6602.D
6692.0
"=<k~
·3700 " 2037.8
730.4
734.0
· 388 ' 197.78 1130.0
·890;'
:'agL,.
198.89 1148.0 :~:~~:~. "I.eo:;
321.11
326.67
332.22
2714.0
2732.0
'.'1490. 810.00
815.56
4280,0
4298.0
1293.3
1298.9
6782.0
6972.0
37~ ._~2065.6
_. 2093,3
737.6 200.00 (168.0 821.11 4316.0 1304.4 6962.0 S850:' 212Lf
1510,
741.2
744.8
748-4
'394'
i~;:'.
20'.11 ttM.Il
202.22 1202.0
203.33 1220.0 }m!/
337.78
343.33
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1. Match the term on the left with the definition on the right. i
i
_E_ Calibration A. permissible deviation from specified
value
_H_ Instrument Range B. upper and lower values specifie&_fpr
I
I facility I
! .a, Calibration Range C. algebraic differencebetween the
upper and lower range value
_E_ Accuracy D. adjustment used to produce a parallel
shift of the input-output curve
.. ....A_ Tolerance E. comparison of instrument to a known
_1_ Traceability
value
F. percent error
I
..J2_ Zero G. characterizes the dispersion of the I
values that could reasonably be ·1
attributed to the measurand
.J:..... Span H. upper and lower values specified by
manufacturer
C. Linearity
249
250 Answers to Chapter Review Questions
5. 'For an established facility, what is the most likely resource for -.,:
".
determining the calibration frequency of a new instru.n:{ept? .
-r-:
6. For a new facility, what is the most likely resource for determining
initial calibration frequency?
Past experience.
I-
, >
254 Answers to Chapter Review Questions
For instruments that are not calibrated throughout the range of the
indication.
13. What criteria must be met for test equipment to be used for
calibra tion?
Indication on TIC-300 (the components in the loop are the RTD (TE300),
transmitter (TT300), Indication controller. (TIC-300), lIP (TY-300) and the
control valve (TV300). The only indication in the loop is the TIC.
5. What are the correct resistance values to input for 10%,50%, and
90%? (refer to the correct RTDTable in App A-6)
From the Instrument Specification for TE-300, row 25 specifies 0.00385
ohm/ohmiC. Therefore:
6. What are the expected transmitter output values for the resistance
inputs from step 5?
10% output = 5.60 rnA
50% ouipui > 12.00 rnA
90% output::;:;18.40 rnA
The transmitter output is 4.00 to 20.00 rnA (span of16 rnA). 10% of 16m A
is 1.60 mA. The 1.60 mA must be added to the zero value of 4.00 mA. The
result is an expected output of 5.60 mAJor the 10% value. Fifty percent of
16mA is B.OOmA, and B.OOrnAadded to 4.00 mA results in 12.00 mA at the
50% value. Ninety percent of 16mA is 14.40mA, added to 4 mA results in
1B.40 mA at the 90% value.
Deeede D ox
or other
Reslstenee
Slmulntcr
Temperature Transmitter
Tf-JOO
(polarity
does not
moUer for
resistance
input)
\
\
\
.:;;
"
Calibration 257
transmitter IT-300
10. Following adjustment, all as-left data is within tolerance. What must
be performed to place the instrument loop back in service?
• Disconnect test equipment
• Reconnect RTD and mA output
• Install RTD in well
• Place controller in automatic
• Notify appropriate personnel of work performed
12. What are the expected transmitter outputs for the following
simulated inputs?
0% 4.00
25% 8.00
50% 12.00
75% 16.00
100% 20.00
13. Indicate the correct test equipment hookup for calibration of TT-200.
Thermocouple
Silnulntor
24VDC
Pewee
Supply
14. Assume a calibration tolerance of ± 1.0oP / 0.08 rnA. With the results
indicated, what must be done to bring the instrument to within
tolerance? adjust span
0% 4.00
25% 7.98
50% 11.96
75% 15.94
100% 19.92
15. Following adjustment, all as-left data is within tolerance. What steps
remain to complete the bench calibration?
Disconnect test equipment and restore transmitter to original condition.
Calibration 267
5. What are the expected output values for the inputs applied from
question 4?
3.0 psig, 9.0 psig, and 15.0 psig, respectively (assume direct acting IfP).
~
30 psig Supply'
L.3iJ . !,
Pressure
Source
7. With the results indicated what instrument irt the loop requires
adjustment?
lIP
0 3.2 2%
50 9.5 54%
100 15.8 100%
Bench set of the control valve spring is not matched with the output of the
liP.
Increase or decrease the air pressure from the liP to assure proper
positioning and finer control of the control valve.
Yes.
Apply pressure for the desired test points to the input of the positioner and
record corresponding valve position. This can be combined with the liP
calibration by teeing in the pressure standard and leaving the positioner
connected to the output loop.
Apply pressure for the desired test points to the input of the control valve
and record corresponding valve position. This can be combined with the lIP
calibration by teeing in the pressure standard and leaving the control valve
connected to the output loop.
271
Index
272
273
Calibration
turbine flowmeter 81
ultrasonic 63, 64
level transmitter 72
.uncertainty 5
unit of measure 50
valve positioner
calibration 96
vapor 66
vortex-shedding flowmeter 80
wet legs 66
zero error 7
zero point 103
I
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