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The term buckling-restrained brace (BRB) has response factor R of 8 when the beams in the lateral force
become more common in the past few years, appearing in resisting frame are moment connected to the columns; R
construction magazine articles and conference presentations. of 7 is applicable when they are not. Testing performed on
The system, the buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF), BRBs to date has suggested that BRBs may even be capable
has been used more frequently in seismic applications. of withstanding multiple seismic events without failure.
The 2008 AISC T.R. Higgins lectureship awardees were
honored for their paper on the topic. BRBFs are a codified Designing and Specifying a BRBF
system covered by both ASCE/SEI 7-05 and ANSI/AISC 341- The design of a BRBF system is straightforward. Engi-
05. Yet even after so much recent information has appeared on neers typically use the Equivalent Lateral Force procedure
this topic, many engineers still ask: “What is a BRB? Why provided in ASCE/SEI 7, unless a more rigorous analysis
consider using a BRBF? How do you specify this system?” method is selected. The approximation of the structural
period Ta should use Cr and x values from Appendix R of
Anatomy of a BRB ANSI/AISC 341-05, because these values were mistakenly
The main characteristic of a BRB is its ability to yield both omitted from ASCE/SEI 7-05. A good reference on the
in compression and in tension. It is manufactured with two methodology of designing with BRBs is Seismic Design of
main components that perform distinct tasks while remain- Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames, the paper that merited its
ing de-coupled. The load-resisting component of a BRB is a authors Walterio López and Rafael Sabelli, the 2008 AISC
steel core restrained against overall buckling by an outer cas- T.R. Higgins lectureship award.
ing filled with concrete, which is the stability component or
restraining mechanism. These elements are illustrated in Fig- What Should be Included in BRBF Design Drawings?
ure 1. Bonding of the steel core to the concrete is prevented One of the questions frequently asked on BRBF proj-
in the manufacturing process to ensure that the BRB compo- ects is what information must the structural engineer of
nents remain separate to prevent composite action that would record (SER) include in the design drawings to obtain the
change the behavior. Otherwise, the BRB would behave like a intended performance. Certain information is necessary
composite brace, which would still be expected to buckle. to ensure that BRBs can be accurately estimated, priced,
The BRB is placed in a concentrically braced frame, which detailed, and erected. This includes BRB quantities, sizes,
thus becomes a buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) lengths and end connection types. Other information
lateral force resisting system. This system typically is used is necessary to ensure that the BRBs provided meet the
for structures in seismic demand category D, E, or F, regard- design intent and are adequate for the seismic response of
less of whether wind or seismic loads govern the design of the structure. This includes design factors and maximum
the structure. BRBF systems also have been explored for low allowable strength adjustment factors. Clearly, it is in the
seismic applications. best interest of the SER to communicate design assump-
BRBF systems exhibit robust cyclic performance and tions, acceptance criteria, and interpretation of the require-
have large ductility capacity, which is reflected in its seismic ments of ANSI/AISC 341-05.
Kimberley Robinson,
S.E., is the chief engi-
neer with Star Seis-
mic, Park City, Utah.
The company designs
and builds buckling-
restrained braces for
earthquake and seis-
mic resistance for all
Figure 1 types of structures.
Figure 3
1.20 WP
to
Design assumption P yie W
W W lD P
1.00
to lD yi P to len
Tdesign P . e GT
Stiffer brace W yie TH lG lD W
P H
0.80 k= TH k=
lG 1.6
Sa (g)
1. .
higher forces ce
As -wp
lw 81 A lw 2 Asc
0.60 p- sc p-w e
. 70 wp wp e p
1 l
k=
0.40
yi
ce
.
el
0.20
TH
As -wp
D P
k= l
D
el W
to H.
8
lG
.3 w p
lG
1. wp
p- sc e
yi to
=1 l
54 -w
0.00
TH
wp
k
P
P
nG
A
As p
47
e
ce
lw
T (sec) l
1.
lD WP
k=